{"id":61,"date":"2006-11-01T19:52:14","date_gmt":"2006-11-01T19:52:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=61 "},"modified":"2006-11-01T19:52:14","modified_gmt":"2006-11-01T19:52:14","slug":"61-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=61","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5bbd\u5bb9\u4e0e\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u4e8c\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"6

\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u89c6\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\uff1f\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u89c6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5b97\u6559\u5f92\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fdc\u8f83\u4e8b\u4e8b\u53cd\u7701\u6765\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u7684\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u89c2\u300d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u300d\uff08a political conception of the person\uff09\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u3002\u800c\u5728\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df(non-political sphere)\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5219\u53ef\u6301\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u96be\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5012\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u89c2\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u6309\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u6253\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u51fa\u751f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fbf\u5df2\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u4ea6\u4eab\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u89c2\u300d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u5982\u6b64\u5355\u8584\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4e0a\u5982\u6b64\u72ed\u7a84\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u4e24\u79cd\u300c\u4eba\u89c2\u300d\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u4fbf\u5fc5\u987b\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4f55\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7ed9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u300d\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u8fa9\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56f0\u96be\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u5728\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5173\u6000\u6709\u6781\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\uff0c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u4f9d\u7136\u9700\u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u8bc1\u6210\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4fbf\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u4f53\u6307\u51fa\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u7531\u8877\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u6211\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u63d0\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u7f8e\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6d3b\u5f97\u4e0d\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u5728\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u6d3b\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u547d\u5b8c\u5168\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e4e\u81ea\u5df1\u6d3b\u5f97\u600e\u6837\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6d3b\u5f97\u7cbe\u5f69\uff0c\u8fc7\u5f97\u4e30\u76db\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u53ca\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u672c\u80fd\u63a8\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u8ffd\u6c42\u5353\u8d8a\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u900f\u8fc7\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u521b\u6027\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u76fc\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u89c6\u5404\u79cd\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u662f\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u597d\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u53ca\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5374\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6574\u5168\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\uff08comprehensive conception of the good\uff09\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4eba\u751f\u770b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u624d\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u53ca\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u7b49\u300292\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee4\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff08unity\uff09\u300293 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e78\u798f\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\u300294

\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u8df5\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\uff0c\u4eba\u4fbf\u5f97\u5230\u5e78\u798f\uff1f\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u6709\u72af\u9519\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u300295 \u72af\u9519\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u638c\u63e1\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u4f30\u8ba1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u72af\u9519\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6216\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u67d0\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u66fe\u575a\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u77e2\u5fd7\u4e0d\u79fb\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e5\u770b\u6765\u5374\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df2\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u5c55\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u7701\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7ad9\u5f97\u8fdc\u7ad9\u5f97\u540e\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u5df1\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f5c\u51fa\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u68c0\u8ba8\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u89c6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u7cfb\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\u3002\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u300c\u672a\u7ecf\u53cd\u7701\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u8fc7\u7684\u751f\u547d\u300d\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u4f53\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4ef7\u503c\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u4fe1\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u597d\u574f\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u6df1\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u72af\u9519\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u89c6\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u5e76\u529b\u6c42\u6d3b\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u53cd\u7701\u4fbf\u4f1a\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4eba\u6216\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u72af\u9519\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5426\u8868\u793a\u5176\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f3a\u8feb\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff1f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f1a\u52a0\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7406\u667a\u6e05\u9192\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u771f\u5fc3\u771f\u610f\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff08endorse\uff09\u300296 \u522b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u529d\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8feb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u300c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u88ab\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u5916\u52a0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u300d97 \u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f88\u6df1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u4ece\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u89c1\u5230\uff0c\u6d1b\u514b\u53ca\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6d1b\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u5185\u5fc3\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff1b\u7a46\u52d2\u4ea6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4e2a\u4eba\u5185\u5728\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u8fd9\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u624d\u6700\u6e05\u695a\u53ca\u6700\u5173\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5883\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u624d\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d1f\u8d23\u300298 \u5982\u679c\u67d0\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u771f\u5fc3\u771f\u610f\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u52a0\u5176\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u7d20\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u5f88\u96be\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5316\uff08internalize\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee4\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u613f\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u3002

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\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff1b\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5ba1\u5bdf\u6279\u5224\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53ca\u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u53ca\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u7269\u8d28\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u3002102\u8fd9\u90e8\u4efd\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u300d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u9996\u8981\u539f\u5219\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u6211\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u51e0\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u6700\u591a\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5e78\u798f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5176\u5b83\u6761\u4ef6\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u591a\u5be1\uff0c\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fd0\u6c14\uff08luck\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5927\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u4f5c\u8d4c\u5f92\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ef7\u503c\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d4c\u535a\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u7b49\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8bf4\uff0c\u51e1\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4fbf\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u4eec\u65f6\u65f6\u523b\u523b\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f5c\u51fa\u6279\u5224\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f5c\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u65e2\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b32\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6108\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\uff0c\u6108\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u575a\u6301\u548c\u6295\u5165\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u300c\u6839\u672c\u8ba1\u5212\u300d\uff08ground project\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u610f\u4e49\u53ca\u751f\u5b58\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u653e\u5f03\u4fbf\u653e\u5f03\u7684\u3002103 \u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6bcb\u987b\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u9700\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u4eec\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u624d\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u522b\u4eba\u5f3a\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u624d\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ee4\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u6398\u8ffd\u6c42\u53ca\u4fee\u6b63\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u3002104

\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5982\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u5c06\u4eba\u53d8\u6210\u5b64\u96f6\u96f6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u51fa\u751f\u4fbf\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u603b\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\uff08significant others\uff09\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u517b\u4efd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5173\u6000\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002105 \u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u5e94\u91cd\u89c6\u8425\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9b\u4eba\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u5176\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002106\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u9053\u7406\u4fbf\u5728\u4e8e\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4f46\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08matter of degree\uff09\u800c\u975e\u96f6\u548c(zero-sum)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4eba\u8fde\u6839\u62d4\u8d77\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u6279\u5224\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6279\u5224\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f3a\u8c03\u53cd\u601d\u6279\u5224\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5c06\u4eba\u53d8\u6210\u65e0\u6839\u7684\u865a\u65e0\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u5bf9\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u8ba8\u8bba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\u5f3a\u8c03\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u503c\u5f97\u73cd\u89c6\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8df5\u81ea\u7531\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u5f02\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u5730\u6309\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e00\uff0c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u53ca\u53cd\u7701\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\uff1b\u4e8c\uff0c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1b\u4e09\uff0c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u53bb\u8bc1\u6210\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u8feb\u5c48\u4ece\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\u610f\u5fd7\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6309\u81ea\u5df1\u610f\u613f\u884c\u4e8b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5076\u7136\u7684\u5916\u5728\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53ca\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u548c\u7ec8\u6781\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u7cfb\u4e8e\u4eba\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5e73\u7b49\u5c0a\u91cd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u7ed9\u4e88\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u5229\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u8003\u8651\u8be5\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u5929\u8d44\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u6240\u6301\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u4eba\u751f\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8005\uff08autonomous agent\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e4e\u81ea\u5df1\u6d3b\u5f97\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e4e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5bf9\u9519\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u61c2\u5f97\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u6b63\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u89c6\u81ea\u8eab\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8eab\u5206\u3002\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u4eba\u4fbf\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u65e0\u5f02\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u65e6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u5e8f\u7684\uff08highest order\uff09\u6b32\u671b\u53bb\u5b9e\u8df5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u89c6\u300c\u4eba\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4eba\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u5ff5\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u539f\u521d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u3002107\u800c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u539f\u521d\u72b6\u6001\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u539f\u5219\u884c\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u5728\u4f53\u73b0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u300c\u8868\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u6309\u7167\u90a3\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u539f\u5219\u884c\u52a8\u2500\u2500\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u6027\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u300d108 \u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u79f0\u4ed6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u81ea\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u81ea\u5f8b\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u539f\u521d\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u5bf9\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u81ea\u5f8b\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08conception of autonomy\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u8be0\u91ca\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u767d\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u89c6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u53bb\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e16\u95f4\u518d\u65e0\u597d\u574f\u5bf9\u9519\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u8df5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3002\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\uff08liberal relativism\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002109

\u3000\u30007

\u3000\u3000\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u6096\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bbd\u5bb9\u90a3\u4e0d\u53ef\u5bb9\u5fcd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u65f6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bbd\u5bb9\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5fb7\u6027\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u987b\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u51e1\u4e8b\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u559c\u597d\u53ca\u54c1\u5473\uff0c\u65c1\u4eba\u4fbf\u6ca1\u7406\u7531\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u6487\u9664\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4fbf\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bbd\u5bb9\u8005\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5145\u4efd\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u4f5c\u51fa\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002110 \u8fd9\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6781\u5bcc\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5815\u80ce\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5a5a\u59fb\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u3001\u5b89\u4e50\u6b7b\u3001\u8272\u60c5\u520a\u7269\u5e94\u5426\u7981\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u7b49\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u758f\u89e3\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u4fbf\u8981\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u7c7b\u5f7c\u6b64\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u4ee4\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8be5\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ea7\u751f\u9053\u5fb7\u53cd\u611f\u6216\u538c\u6076\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u514b\u5236\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5c06\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u4f5c\u4e00\u533a\u5206\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u7406\u7531\u538b\u5012\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7406\u7531\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6ee1\u662f\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7406\u7531\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6301\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u514b\u5236\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5c0a\u91cd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u53cd\u7701\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6784\u5efa\u53ca\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u5df1\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u8fd9\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b83\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5bbd\u5bb9\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5bbd\u5bb9\u8005\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4f0f\u5c14\u6cf0\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u300c\u6211\u867d\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4f60\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u8a93\u6b7b\u634d\u536b\u4f60\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u6743\u5229\u300d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u800c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u8005\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u4e3a\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u6096\u8bba\u4fbf\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u60f3\u4e86\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u57f9\u517b\u5bbd\u5bb9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u6700\u9700\u8981\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u7fa4\u4f17\u538b\u529b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6b7b\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u90a3\u4e07\u4e07\u5343\u5343\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u5f02\u89c1\u8005\u3002\u6d1b\u514b\u3001\u7a46\u52d2\u548c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u90fd\u4f53\u4f1a\u751a\u6df1\u3002\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u7a7f\u8fc7\u4eba\u4eec\u5916\u5728\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u5728\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u7740\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u4e88\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002111\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u5207\u7684\u5173\u6000\u548c\u91cd\u89c6\u3002

\u3000\u3000\u6ca1\u6709\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u54f2\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u4fbf\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u8feb\u4ece\u4e8b\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u90a3\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u7684\u300c\u9690\u8bb3\u6559\u5bfc\u300d\uff08esoteric teaching\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u7545\u6240\u6b32\u8a00\u3002\u65e0\u5f85\u8d58\u8a00\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u96be\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5374\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u503c\u5f97\u73cd\u89c6\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u5371\u673a\u3002

\u3000\u3000\uff08\u539f\u520a\u4e8e\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u300b\uff0c22\u671f\uff0c\uff082006\uff09\uff0c\u98751-39\uff09

\u3000\u3000\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a

\u3000\u30001 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003John Rawls, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, edited by Barbara Herman (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2000), pp. 1-11.

\u3000\u30002\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u66fe\u5c06\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u3002Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), paperback edition, pp.xxiii-xxvi. \u7c7b\u4f3c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u89c1Charles Larmore, The Morals of Modernity,\uff08Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996\uff09, p.12.

\u3000\u30003 Ronald Dworkin, \u201cLiberalism\u201d in Public and Private Morality edited by Stuart Hampshire, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), p.127.

\u3000\u30004\u6211\u5c06conception of the good \u8bd1\u4e3a\u300c\u4eba\u751f\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u300d\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u300c\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u60ef\u5e38\u8bd1\u7684\u300c\u5584\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u300c\u5584\u300d\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u503c\u5f97\u5609\u8bb8\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u4f46conception of the good\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u5730\u6cdb\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ec0\u4e48\u6784\u6210\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u89c1Rawls, Political Liberalism, pp.19-20\u3002

\u3000\u30005 Leo Strauss, Natural Right and History (Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1953), p.5. \u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5f6d\u521a\u8bd1\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c2003\uff09\u6211\u867d\u7136\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u4f1a\u5c31\u539f\u6587\u4f5c\u51fa\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8f83\u4e3a\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u53c8\uff0c\u5728\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u662f\u5c06\u201cright\u201d\u548c\u201cgood\u201d\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50cf\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u822c\u4f5c\u51fa\u533a\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6cdb\u6307\u9053\u5fb7\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002

\u3000\u30006 \u201cNatural right\u201d\u5728\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u5904\u6307\u79f0\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u5229\u300d\uff1b\u5728\u53e4\u5178\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u6b63\u5f53\u300d\u6216\u300c\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6b63\u4e49\u8bf4\u300d\u3002\u7518\u9633\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u987514-15\u3002\u53c8\uff0c\u4ece\u300c\u82e5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u4fe1\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u9009\u62e9\u5bbd\u5bb9\u300d\u63a8\u4e0d\u51fa\u300c\u82e5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6bcb\u9700\u5bbd\u5bb9\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002Natural Right and History, p.5.

\u3000\u30007 Strauss, Natural Right and History, pp.5-6.

\u3000\u30008 \u503c\u5f97\u7559\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u300d\uff08liberal democracy\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b66\u7406\u6216\u67d0\u4f4d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f5c\u51fa\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003John Gunnell, \u201cPolitical Theory and Politics: The Case of Leo Strauss and Liberal Democracy\u201d in The Crisis of Liberal Democracy: A Straussian Perspective, edited by Kenneth Deutsch & Walter Soffer. (New York: State University of New York Press, 1987),pp.69-75. \u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5bfc\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u7f16\u8005\u5374\u6e05\u695a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6307\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4ee5\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u548c\u5fb7\u6c83\u91d1\uff08Ronald Dworkin\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u300c\u4e2d\u7acb\u6027\u300d\uff08neutrality\uff09\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u89c1The Crisis of Liberal Democracy, p.1.

\u3000\u30009 Strauss, \u201cThe Three Waves of Modernity,\u201d in An Introduction to Political Philosophy: Ten Essays by Leo Strauss, edited by Hilall Gildin (Detroit, Wayne State University Press, 1989), p.81.

\u3000\u300010 Strauss, \u201cThree Waves of Modernity\u201d, pp.81-98; \u4ea6\u53ef\u89c1Strauss, What is Political Philosophy, (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1959), pp.40-55.

\u3000\u300011 \u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u65ad\u88c2\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5fc3\u7075\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u300d\u201cThree Waves of Modernity,\u201dp.83. \u6309\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002Larmore\u4ea6\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002Morals of Modernity, p.68.\u4ea6\u53ef\u89c1\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u987521\u3002\u800cStephen Holmes\u5219\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u65e0\u7a3d\u4f46\u5374\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u662f\u7531\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u7ef4\u5229\u4e00\u4eba\u72ec\u529b\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u9a6c\u57fa\u96c5\u7ef4\u5229\u5e7c\u5e74\u592d\u6298\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4fbf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff1fThe Anatomy of Antiliberalism (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993), p.84.

\u3000\u300012 Strauss, Natural Right and History, p.127.

\u3000\u300013 Larmore\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002Morals of Modernity , p.75.

\u3000\u300014 Strauss, Natural Right and History, pp.139-42. \u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u7559\u610f\uff0c\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u4f73\u653f\u4f53\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7684\uff08legitimate\uff09\u653f\u4f53\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u6700\u4f73\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u300c\u673a\u9047\u300d\u7684\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u662f\u8fd1\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4ee5\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u3001\u8d35\u65cf\u5236\u53ca\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6df7\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u300c\u6df7\u5408\u653f\u4f53\u300d(mixed regime)\u582a\u79f0\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u597d\u653f\u4f53\u3002\u53c8\uff0c\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u6240\u8c13\u56de\u5230\u53e4\u5178\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8981\u7167\u642c\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5df2\u548c\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u8be7\u5f02\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u53e4\u5178\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u800c\u53c8\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u548c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u3002Strauss, City and Man (Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1964), p.19; What is Political Philosophy? And Other Studies (Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, 1988), p.113.

\u3000\u300015 Strauss, Natural Right and History, p.135.

\u3000\u300016 \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0cpp.134-35.

\u3000\u300017 \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0cp.5.

\u3000\u300018 \u6211\u8bf4\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7518\u9633\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f02\u8bae\u6216\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u800c\u5229\u7528\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u6279\u8bc4\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u7518\u9633\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u751f\u524d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u54f2\u5b66\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002

\u3000\u300019\u7518\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u987560\u3002\u5728\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u6743\u5229\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5584\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u300d\uff08the priority of the right over the good\uff09\u8bd1\u4e3a\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u6b63\u5f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5584\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u300d\u4f1a\u8f83\u4e3a\u59a5\u5f53\u3002\u300c\u6743\u5229\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\uff08right-based liberalism\uff09\u8fd9\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662fRonald Dworkin\u6700\u65e9\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u8be0\u91ca\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u300c\u4ee5\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u672c\u4f4d\u300d\uff08goal-based\uff09\u53ca\u300c\u4ee5\u4e49\u52a1\u4e3a\u672c\u4f4d\u300d\uff08duty-based\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u53ca\u516d\u8282\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6240\u89c1\uff0cDworkin\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u5927\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u300c\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e3a\u672c\u4f4d\u300d\uff08conception of ideal moral person\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49(political constructivism)\u7406\u8bba\u3002Dworkin, \u201cThe Original Position\u201d in Reading Rawls, edited by Norman Daniels (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989), p.38.

\u3000\u300020\u7518\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u987572\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7518\u9633\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u540c\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u79f0\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4ed6\u5341\u5206\u540c\u60c5\u81ea\u7531\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u7518\u9633\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u5177\u4f53\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u89c1\u9875148-49\u3002

\u3000\u300021 \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0c\u9875142\u3002

\u3000\u300022 Strauss, Natural Right and History, p.3.

\u3000\u300023 Kenneth Deutsch & Walter Soffer, \u201cIntroduction\u201d in The Crisis of Liberal Democracy: A Straussian Perspective, p.1.

\u3000\u300024 \u5bbd\u5bb9\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u8005\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u610f\u601d\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5bbd\u5bb9\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u867d\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5374\u514b\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u4f5c\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u8fd9\u81ea\u7136\u542b\u6709\u6d88\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u4f46\u8d5e\u6210\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4fbf\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002

\u3000\u300025 \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u8bc1\u6210\u5bbd\u5bb9\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u662f\u65e2\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u591a\u8c22\u4e8e\u5174\u4e2d\u548c\u5468\u6fc2\u5411\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u5206\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002

\u3000\u300026 \u4f8b\u5982\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u81ea\u5f8b\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fbf\u65e2\u53cd\u5bf9\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\uff08substantive moral realism\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u70b9\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1Christine Korsgaard, The Sources of Normativity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp.35-36.

\u3000\u300027 \u7518\u9633\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u89c6\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u98755\u3002

\u3000\u300028 \u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u867d\u7136\u6781\u529b\u53cd\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u82e6\u601d\u5982\u4f55\u54cd\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002

\u3000\u300029 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u5206\u53c2\u8003\u81eaStephen Holmes, The Anatomy of Antiliberalism, p.xiv.

\u3000\u300030 \u4f8b\u5982Donald Crosby\u4fbf\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002The Specter of the Absurd: Sources & Criticisms of Modern Nihilism (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988), pp.8-36.

\u3000\u300031 Strauss, Natural History and Right, p.4. \u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u5728\u7528\u300c\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u4e00\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u77e5\u9053\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u8fd1\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e86\u3002\u300c\u4e16\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u77e5\u8bc6\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u300d\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u7ec6\u52a0\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u6307\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5408\u4e4e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002

\u3000\u300032 Strauss, Natural Right and History, p.6.

\u3000\u300033 Korsgaard, The Sources of Normativity, p.35.

\u3000\u300034 Strauss, Natural Right and History , p.21.

\u3000\u300035 Strauss, Natural Right and History , p.18. \u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u9a73\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u300c\u6240\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5747\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u4ee3\u6216\u67d0\u4e00\u6587\u5316\u300d\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e0d\u51fa\u300c\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e16\u95f4\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5374\u4e0d\u5fc5\u56e0\u6b64\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6700\u540e\u53ea\u80fd\u5316\u7ea6\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u7b49\u3002\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u5e38\u5e38\u5c06\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u865a\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e24\u8005\u7b49\u540c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5206\u522b\u3002

\u3000\u300036 Strauss, Natural Right and History , p.42.

\u3000\u300037 \u7518\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u987562\u3002\u5f15\u6587\u4e2dStrauss\u7684\u539f\u6587\uff0c\u89c1 Natural Right and History, pp.5-6. \u6211\u4eec\u987b\u7559\u610f\uff0c\u7518\u9633\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63a5\u53d7\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8fd8\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4ea6\u662f\u7a46\u52d2\u53ca\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002

\u3000\u300038 Strauss, Natural Right and History, p.5.

\u3000\u300039 \u7518\u9633\u4e5f\u72af\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5ba3\u79f0\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\u5730\u5c0a\u91cd\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6240\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6240\u6709\u6027\u522b\u3001\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u300d\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u987565\u3002

\u3000\u300040 Rawls, A Theory of Justice, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), revised edition, p.27.

\u3000\u300041 Rawls, A Theory of Justice, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), revised edition, p.266. \u7b2c\u4e94\u53ca\u7b2c\u516d\u8282\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002

\u3000\u300042 Strauss, Natural Right and History, p.5.

\u3000\u300043 \u4f5c\u8005\u591a\u8c22\u9093\u5c0f\u864e\u5411\u7b14\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u3002

\u3000\u300044 John Horton, \u201cToleration as a Virtue\u201d in David Heyd ed. Toleration: An Elusive Virtue (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996), p.28; Susan Mendus, Toleration and the Limits of Liberalism (London: Macmillan, 1989), chapter 1; Peter Nicholson, \u201cToleration as a Moral Ideal\u201d in Aspects of Toleration: Philosophical Studies, ed. John Horton & Susan Mendus (London: Methuen, 1985), p.160-62. \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u754c\u5b9a\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6240\u8c13\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7406\u7531\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u6210\uff0c\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ca\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8be0\u91ca\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002

\u3000\u300045 \u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u591a\u8c22\u5362\u6770\u96c4\u5411\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u3002

\u3000\u300046 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u5206\u53c2\u8003\u81eaBernard Williams, \u201cToleration: an Impossible Virtue?\u201d in Toleration: an Elusive Virtue, pp.20-21.

\u3000\u300047 \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u52bf\u8005\u672a\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u624b\u6bb5\/\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5374\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002

\u3000\u300048 Richard Tuck, \u201cScepticism and Toleration in the Seventeenth Century\u201d in Justifying Toleration edited by Susan Mendus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp.21-35.

\u3000\u300049 Tuck\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6Justus Lipsius\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u7531\u5176\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002

\u3000\u300050 Williams, \u201cToleration: an Impossible Virtue?\u201d in Toleration: an Elusive Virtue, p.18; \u4ea6\u53ef\u89c1Mendus, Toleration and the Limits of Liberalism (London: Macmillan, 1989), pp.18-19.

\u3000\u300051 John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration in Focus edited by John Horton & Susan Mendus (London: Routledge, 1991), pp.12-56. \u4e2d\u8bd1\uff0c\u300a\u8bba\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\u300b\uff0c\u5434\u4e91\u8d35\u8bd1\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1996\uff09

\u3000\u300052 Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration, p.17.

\u3000\u300053 Strauss, \u201cThe Three Waves of Modernity\u201d, p.87.

\u3000\u300054 Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration, p.18.

\u3000\u300055 Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration, pp.47-48.

\u3000\u300056 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d1b\u514b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003Jeremy Waldron, \u201cLocke: Toleration and the Rationality of Persecution\u201d in John Locke: A Letter Concerning Toleration in Focus, pp.98-124.

\u3000\u300057 J.S. Mill, On Liberty (New York: Macmillan, 1956), p.3.

\u3000\u300058 \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0cp.13.

\u3000\u300059 \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0cp.7.

\u3000\u300060 \u539f\u6587\u662f\u201cThe grand, leading principle, towards which every argument unfolded in these pages directly converges, is the absolute and essential importance of human development in its richest diversity.\u201d

\u3000\u300061 \u8f6c\u5f15\u81eaMendus, Toleration and the Limits of Liberalism, p. 49.

\u3000\u300062 Mill, On Liberty, p.82-83.

\u3000\u300063 Mill, Utilitarianism (London: Fontana, 1962), p.260.

\u3000\u300064 Mill, On Liberty, p.82.

\u3000\u300065 \u7a46\u52d2\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u300c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002

\u3000\u300066 \u4f8b\u5982\u89c1Joseph Raz, \u201cAutonomy, Toleration and the Harm Principle\u201d in Justifying Toleration edited by Susan Mendus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), p.155.

\u3000\u300067 \u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003Susan Mendus, Toleration and the Limits of Liberalism, p.53.

\u3000\u300068 Harry Frankfurt, The Importance of What We Care About (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 11-25. \u53e6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u5f53\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u67cf\u6797\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u3002Isaiah Berlin, \u201cTwo Concepts of Liberty\u201d in Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969), pp.131-32.

\u3000\u300069 \u7a46\u52d2\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u6709\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ea6\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u80fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fdd\u6301\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u9053\u5fb7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4ece\u4f24\u5bb3\u539f\u5219\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4e0d\u5e94\u5e72\u6d89\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u2500\u2500\u53ea\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002

\u3000\u300070 Strauss, Natural Right and History, p.5.

\u3000\u300071\u7518\u9633\u4fbf\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u53f2\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u987564-65\u3002

\u3000\u300072 Mill, On Liberty, p.14.

\u3000\u300073 Mill, Utilitarianism, p.257.

\u3000\u300074 Mill, On Liberty, p.14.

\u3000\u300075 \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0cp.86.

\u3000\u300076\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5dee\u5f02\u539f\u5219\uff09\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5206\u914d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u5bf9\u5dee\u5f02\u539f\u5219\u4f5c\u8fc7\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u3008\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u539f\u5219\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u54f2\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u671f\uff0c(2004\u5e743\u6708)\uff0c\u9875121-79.

\u3000\u300077 Rawls, \u201cKantian Constructivism in Moral Theory\u201d in John Rawls: Collected Papers edited by Samuel Freeman (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1999), p.304. \u8fd9\u7bc71980\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u662f\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u3002\u5b83\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6e05\u695a\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u300a\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u9053\u5fb7\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u94fa\u9648\u4e86\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u53c8\uff0c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u540e\u6765\u6539\u79f0\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\uff08political constructivism\uff09\u3002Rawls, Political Liberalism, pp.89-130.

\u3000\u300078 \u201cKantian Constructivism in Moral Theory\u201d, p.312. \u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u300a\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u300b\u521d\u7248\u4e2d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u4e2d\u624d\u4f5c\u6b64\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u62d9\u8457\u3008\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u300b\uff0c2000\u5e744\u6708\u53f7\u7b2c58\u671f\u3002

\u3000\u300079 Rawls, A Theory of Justice, p.19.

\u3000\u300080 \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0cp.127.

\u3000\u300081 Rawls, A Theory of Justice, p.104.

\u3000\u300082 \u7518\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u987567\u3002

\u3000\u300083 Rawls,\u201cKantian Constructivism in Moral Theory\u201d, p.354.

\u3000\u300084 \u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u300c\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u5747\u8861\u300d\uff08reflective equilibrium\uff09\u5728\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff08considered judgments\uff09\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6765\u56de\u53cd\u601d\u5bf9\u7167\u5e76\u6700\u540e\u8fbe\u5230\u5747\u8861\u540e\uff0c\u8bc1\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u89c1A Theory of Justice, pp.17-19.

\u3000\u300085 \u7518\u9633\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u987572\u3002

\u3000\u300086 \u540c\u4e0a\u6ce8\uff0c\u987571\u3002Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).

\u3000\u300087 Rawls,\u201cKantian Constructivism in Moral Theory\u201d, p.308.

\u3000\u300088 \u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u7684\u5f97\u610f\u5f1f\u5b50Allan Bloom\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u539f\u521d\u72b6\u6001\u8fd9\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u53ca\u963f\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u300c\u6700\u4f73\u653f\u4f53\u300d\uff0c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u57ce\u300d\uff0c\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u3001\u6d1b\u514b\u53ca\u9c81\u7d22\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u300d\u7b49\uff0c\u4fbf\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u201cJustice: John Rawls vs. the Tradition of Political Philosophy\u201d, The American Political Science Review, 69, (1975), p.650.

\u3000\u300089 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003Onora O\u2019Neill, Towards Justice and Virtue (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp.39-44.

\u3000\u300090 \u8fd9\u91cc\u987b\u7559\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u574f\u5bf9\u9519\u3002\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u7ef4\u7cfb\u793e\u4f1a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u5efa\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002

\u3000\u300091 Rawls, A Theory of Justice, pp.131-32.

\u3000\u300092 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u5168\u6027\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u89c1Rawls, Political Liberalism, p.13.

\u3000\u300093 \u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u6709\u6a2a\u5411\u548c\u7eb5\u5411\u4e24\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u3002\u6a2a\u5411\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4e0b\u4f17\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6392\u5b9a\u6b21\u5e8f\uff1b\u7eb5\u5411\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d9\u4e8b\u5f0f\u7684\uff08narrative\uff09\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\uff0c\u548c\u300c\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u300d\uff08personal identity\uff09\u5b58\u5728\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u6587\u6240\u80fd\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002

\u3000\u300094\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u8fde\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u751f\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u53ca\u53d8\u52a8\u4e0d\u5c45\u7684\u3002\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u9700\u8981\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4fbf\u5df2\u8db3\u591f\u3002

\u3000\u300095 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u81eaWill Kymlicka, Liberalism, Community and Culture (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), pp.9-19.

\u3000\u300096 \u300c\u8ba4\u53ef\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9009\u62e9\u300d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53cd\u7701\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u8ba4\u53ef\u300d\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\u8f83\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002

\u3000\u300097 Kymlicka, Liberalism, Community and Culture, p.12.

\u3000\u300098 \u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u603b\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6216\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u3002

\u3000\u300099 \u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5047\u5b9a\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002

\u3000\u3000100 \u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u6307\u7684\u300c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8005\u300d\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8005\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u7701\u300d\u4fbf\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u601d\u3002

\u3000\u3000101 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003Christine Korsgarrd, Creating the Kingdom of Ends (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp.275-310.

\u3000\u3000102 Kymlicka, Liberalism, Community and Culture, p.13.

\u3000\u3000103 Bernard Williams, \u201cA Critique of Utilitarianism\u201d in Utilitarianism: For and Against, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963), p.116.

\u3000\u3000104 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u5bf9Williams\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u89c1 Rawls, \u201cThe Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory\u201d, p.332.

\u3000\u3000105\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0e\u91cd\u8981\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003Charles Taylor, \u201cThe Politics of Recognition\u201d, in Multiculturalism, edited by Amy Gutmann (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp.32-34.

\u3000\u3000106 Raz\u4fbf\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u8981\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08morally acceptable options\uff09\u3002The Morality of Freedom (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), p.381.

\u3000\u3000107 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u524d\u540e\u671f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u300c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u300d\uff08The Kantian interpretation\uff09\u3002

\u3000\u3000108 Rawls, A Theory of Justice, p.222. Kymlicka\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u5411\u5ea6\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002Liberalism, Community and Culture, p.12. \u800c\u7518\u9633\u5728\u501f\u7528\u897f\u5b63\u7ef4\u514b\u6765\u6279\u8bc4\u5eb7\u5fb7\u53ca\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea6\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u884c\u5584\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u884c\u5584\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u5e76\u4e0d\u5982\u7518\u9633\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u897f\u5b63\u7ef4\u514b\u5bf9\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u300d\u3002\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u539f\u6587\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u201cSidgwick\u2019s objection is decisive, I think, as long as one assumes, as Kant\u2019s exposition may seem to follow, both that the noumenal self can choose any consistent set of principles and that acting from such principles, whatever they are, is sufficient to express one\u2019s choice as that of a free and equal rational being. Kant\u2019s reply must be that though acting on any consistent set of principles could be the outcome of a decision on the part of the noumenal self, not all such action by the phenomenal self expresses this decision as that of a free and equal rational being.\u201dRawls, A Theory of Justice, p.224. \u659c\u4f53\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\u3002\u7518\u9633\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u89c1\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u4eba\u53f2\u7279\u52b3\u65af\u300b\uff0c\u987566-67.

\u3000\u3000109 Strauss, Natural Right and History, p.6.

\u3000\u3000110 \u6240\u8c13\u300c\u76f8\u5f53\u5145\u4efd\u7684\u7406\u7531\u300d\u5b9e\u5728\u96be\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002

\u3000\u3000111 Williams\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u201ctechnical point of view\u201d\u548c\u201chuman point of view\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\u53bb\u770b\u4eba\u3002\u201cThe Idea of Equality\u201d in Problems of the Self (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973), p.236.<\/FONT>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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