{"id":61750,"date":"2016-02-26T05:11:00","date_gmt":"2016-02-26T05:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=61750 "},"modified":"2016-02-26T05:11:00","modified_gmt":"2016-02-26T05:11:00","slug":"61750-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=61750","title":{"rendered":"\u552f\u8272\uff1a\u897f\u85cf\u6587\u9769\u7591\u6848\uff1a1968\u5e74\u201c\u516d\u00b7\u4e03\u5927\u662d\u5bfa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u4e0e1969\u5e74\u5c3c\u6728\u3001\u8fb9\u575d\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u4e09\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u3001\u8fb9\u575d\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong>


\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c“\u8fb9\u575d\u4e8b\u4ef6”\u5462\uff1f\u636e\u6587\u9769\u671f\u95f4\u5728\u660c\u90fd\u5730\u59d4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c1973\u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c03\u67e5\u8fb9\u575d“\u518d\u53db”\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u666e\u535c\uff08\u5316\u540d\uff09\uff0c\u57282001\u5e7410\u6708\u5411\u6211\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\uff1a<\/span>


“\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u6ca1\u6709‘\u518d\u53db’\u8fd9\u56de\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u6ca1\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u3002……\u53cd\u6b63\u8bf4\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u6210\u7acb\u4ec0\u4e48‘\u62a4\u6559\u5fd7\u613f\u519b’\u4e4b\u7c7b\u3002\u8bf4\u662f\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\uff1a‘\u8d76\u8d70\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u6d88\u706d\u7ea2\u6c49\u4eba’\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6211\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c‘\u5403\u7ccc\u7c91\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6253\u5012\u5403\u5927\u7c73\u7684’\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u6709\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u53bb\u7684\u90fd\u4e61\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fde\u53cd\u52a8\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u90fd\u4e61\u662f‘\u66b4\u4e71’\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e61\u3002<\/span>


“\u6709\u7684\u533a\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u6740\u4e86\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c\u50cf\u4fc4\u6731\u5361\u533a\u7684\u6587\u4e66\u903c\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u6454\u5230\u6012\u6c5f\u91cc\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6c49\u65cf\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u6253\u6b7b\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u51e0\u4e2a\uff0c\u85cf\u65cf\u597d\u50cf\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u628a\u85cf\u65cf\u7684\u533a\u957f\u3001\u4e66\u8bb0\u7b49\u5e72\u90e8\u6293\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1a‘\u4f60\u662f\u8981\u5403\u7ccc\u7c91\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u5403\u5927\u7c73\uff1f’\u8bf4\u5403\u7ccc\u7c91\u7684\u8bdd\u90a3\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6253\u4e86\uff1b\u8bf4\u5403\u5927\u7c73\uff0c\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6253\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u95ee\u4ed6‘\u4f60\u4fe1\u4e0d\u4fe1\u6559\uff1f’\u8fd8\u8bf4‘\u4f60\u5ff5\u8fd9\u4e2a’\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u7740\u5c71\u4e0a\u7528\u77f3\u5934\u5806\u7684\u516d\u5b57\u771f\u8a00\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u5ff5\u4e86\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u4fe1\u6559\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u6253\u4f60\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u4e0d\u4fe1\u6559\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6253\u4f60\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u53ea\u597d\u5ff5\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u6ca1\u6253\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u6765\u5c31\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5ff5\u516d\u5b57\u771f\u8a00\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5411‘\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50’\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5224\u4e86\u5211\uff0c\u5224\u4e86\uff17\u5e74\u8fd8\u662f\uff18\u5e74\u3002”<\/span>


\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u4e0b\u4ee4“\u5e73\u53db”\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u4e5f\u5c31\u6740\u6c14\u817e\u817e\u5730\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u660c\u90fd\u519b\u5206\u533a\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u56e2\u548c\u4ece\u6c49\u5730\u8c03\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u5f00\u8fdb\u4e86\u8fb9\u575d\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u6765“\u5e73\u53db”\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6740\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u5c31\u7279\u522b\u5730\u591a\u3002<\/span>


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\u666e\u535c\u8fd8\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6“\u5e73\u53db”\u65f6\uff0c\u56db\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u5973\u5b50\u52d2\u6b7b\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a<\/span>


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1973\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u535c\u53bb\u8fb9\u575d\u53bf\u90fd\u4e61“\u843d\u5b9e\u653f\u7b56”\uff1a<\/span>


“\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u65f6\u770b\u89c1\u90a3\u4e61\u91cc\u5168\u662f\u5973\u7684\uff0c\u7537\u7684\u9664\u4e86\u8001\u5934\u5b50\u548c\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u51e0\u4e2a\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6574\u4e2a\u8fb9\u575d\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6253\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6293\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u7537\u4eba\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e61\u90fd\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u4e00\u5f00\u4f1a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5168\u662f\u7a7f\u9ed1\u8863\u670d\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u7537\u7684\u5f88\u5c11\u3002”<\/span>


\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8ddf“\u5c3c\u6728\u4e8b\u4ef6”\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u8eab\u6210\u4efd\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0“\u518d\u53db”\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e61\u6751\u91cc\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u90fd\u6234\u6709\u5404\u79cd“\u5e3d\u5b50”[2]\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u70b9\u5e78\u707e\u4e50\u7978\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u6253\u6b7b\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5728“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”[3]\u4e2d\u6597\u4e89\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u540e\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u53bb\u843d\u5b9e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u515a\u5458\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u515a\u652f\u90e8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u539f\u6765\u4e61\u91cc\u7684\u4e66\u8bb0\u548c\u4e61\u957f\u90fd\u6210\u4e86“\u53db\u4e71”\u7684\u653f\u59d4\u548c\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u515a\u5458\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u6210\u4e86“\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50”\uff0c\u6740\u7684\u6740\uff0c\u5173\u7684\u5173\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u515a\u5458\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\uff0c“\u6574\u4e2a\u73ed\u5b50\u5168\u5b8c\u86cb\u4e86”\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u515a\u5458\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u5165\u515a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff0c\u51e1\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4e2d\u6709“\u7ba1\u5173\u6740\u53db\u4ee3”[4]\u8fd9\u4e94\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5165\u515a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5374\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u4e61\u91cc\u51e0\u4e4e\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span>


\u4ece1973\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6d3e\u53bb\u4e86\u56db\u6279\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u624d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c“\u88ab\u6740\u7684\u91cc\u9762\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u6740\u9519\u4e86”\u3002\u666e\u535c\u611f\u53f9\u9053\uff1a“\u603b\u4e4b\u8fb9\u575d\u53bf\u5c31\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u7684‘\u53db\u4e71’\u6740\u5f97\u4e00\u584c\u7cca\u6d82\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u5730\u6269\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u67aa\u6bd9\u7684\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u7b97\u662f\u6740\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u50cf\u90a3\u4e2a\u52d2\u6b7b\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7684\u5973\u5b50\uff0c\u5979\u53ef\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u6740\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u597d\u50cf\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u6740\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u6740\u9519\u4e86\u3002”<\/span>


\uff08\u516d\uff09\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e<\/strong>


\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u897f\u85cf\u515a\u53f2\u5927\u4e8b\u8bb0\u300b\u5c31“\u8fb9\u575d\u4e8b\u4ef6”\u79f0“\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5206\u5b50”\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5305\u62ec“\u4e0d\u8981\u4ea4\u516c\u7cae”\u5728\u5185\u7684“\u4e09\u4e0d”\u53cd\u52a8\u7eb2\u9886\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0e“\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e”\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span>


\u81ea1959\u5e74“\u5e73\u53db”\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u4eec\u6025\u6b32\u4f7f\u897f\u85cf\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5168\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u516c\u793e\u5316\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u65e9\u57281960\u5e74\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u519c\u6751\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u8d778\u5343\u591a\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e92\u52a9\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bd5\u529e\u4e86\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u5341\u4e2a\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\uff0c\u4f46\u9274\u4e8e\u897f\u85cf\u5f7c\u65f6“\u5e73\u53db”\u4e0d\u4e45\u3001\u5c40\u52bf\u4e0d\u7a33\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u6682\u505c\u30021965\u5e74\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u5f00\u59cb\u8bd5\u529e\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u3002\u52301966\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u529e\u8d77\u4e86130\u4e2a\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u30021968\u5e74\u9769\u59d4\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\u66f4\u662f\u5feb\u9a6c\u52a0\u97ad\u5730\u5927\u529e\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\uff0c\u52301975\u5e74\uff0c\u897f\u85cf99\uff05\u7684\u4e61\u5b8c\u6210\u516c\u793e\u5316\uff0c\u5171\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e1925\u4e2a[5]\u3002<\/span>


\u8bf8\u591a\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u897f\u85cf\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u51fa\u7b3c\uff0c\u5982\u76f2\u76ee\u5f00\u57a6\u8349\u573a\u3001\u7267\u573a\u641e\u7cae\u98df\u79cd\u690d\uff0c\u628a\u79cd\u690d\u9752\u7a1e\u6539\u4e3a\u79cd\u690d\u51ac\u5c0f\u9ea6\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a“\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6001\u707e\u96be”\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u516c\u793e\u5316\u6ca1\u6536\u4e86\u519c\u7267\u6c11\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u7272\u755c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u5206\u6536\u5165\u6781\u5176\u5fae\u8584\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u7cae\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u867d\u4e0d\u7b97\u591a\u5374\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4ed8\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u548c\u7267\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u7269\u6613\u7269\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u7528\u9752\u7a1e\u4ea4\u6362\u9165\u6cb9\u548c\u8089\u7c7b\uff09\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u6539\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u7edf\u4e00\u914d\u7ed9\u53e3\u7cae\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u96ea\u707e\u3001\u96f9\u707e\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u5929\u707e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c11\u4e0d\u804a\u751f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6574\u6751\u3001\u6574\u6751\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5916\u884c\u4e5e\u3002“\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u5171\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u516c\u793e\u5316\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u5168\u897f\u85cf\u670950\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4e0a\u516c\u793e\u5316\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd120\u4e07\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u76f8\u5f53\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u897f\u85cf180\u4e07\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u603b\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u8fde\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u9996\u8111\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u8001\u767e\u59d3‘\u6ca1\u6709\u5c1d\u5230\u516c\u793e\u5316\u7684\u751c\u5934\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5403\u4e86\u82e6\u5934\u3002’”[6]<\/span>


\u516c\u793e\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u519c\u6751\u548c\u7267\u533a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u7834\u574f\u3002\u85cf\u5b66\u5bb6\u6885•\u6208\u5c14\u65af\u5766(Melvyn Goldstein)\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u897f\u90e8\u7267\u533a\u4e3a\u671f16\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u8c03\u67e5[7]\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a<\/span>


“\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u5bfa\u9662\u548c\u7948\u7977\u5899\u7b49\u90fd\u88ab\u62c6\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u7267\u6c11\u4eec\u88ab\u5f3a\u8feb\u629b\u5f03\u4ed6\u4eec\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u6df1\u6df1\u5370\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u98ce\u4fd7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u526a\u53bb\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u6709\u7279\u8272\u7684\u5218\u6d77\u548c\u8fab\u5b50\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u6253\u7834\u5973\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb0\u6740\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u6212\u89c4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7267\u6c11\u4eec\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u90fd\u88ab\u6545\u610f\u5730\u98a0\u5012\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u98df\u7269\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u5927\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u503e\u6cfb\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u4e0d\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u60f3\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u51cf\u5c11\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002”<\/span>


\u6208\u5c14\u65af\u5766\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u65e5\u5580\u5219\u5730\u533a\u6602\u4ec1\u53bf\u5e15\u62c9\u4e61\u57281969\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cd\u6297\u628a\u7267\u533a\u53d8\u6210\u516c\u793e\uff0c“\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u7267\u6c11\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u9886\u8896\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u53d1\u52a8\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6740\u6b7b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eb2\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u63d0\u5021\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c‘\u53db\u4e71’\u5c31\u88ab\u5357\u90e8\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u5e73\u606f\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u902e\u6355\u6216\u5904\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7981\u6216\u518d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u516c\u793e\u548c\u9769\u547d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a……”[8]<\/span>


\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c1969\u5e74\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u516c\u793e\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u85cf\u5b66\u5bb6\u8328\u4ec1\u590f\u52a0\uff08Tsering Shakya\uff09\u5728\u300a\u9f99\u5728\u96ea\u57df\uff1a\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e03\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u300b[9]\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a“\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53db\u4e71\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5171\u8bd5\u56fe\u6062\u590d\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u5236\u5ea6\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002”\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u5982\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u4f20\u5728\u897f\u85cf\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a“\u89e3\u653e\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u6234\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u9876\u6e7f\u76ae\u5e3d\u3002\u76ae\u5e3d\u5e72\u5f97\u8d8a\u5feb\uff0c\u5c31\u7b8d\u5f97\u8d8a\u7d27\u3002”\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5e7f\u5927“\u7ffb\u8eab\u519c\u5974”\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u7684“\u89e3\u653e”\uff0c\u558a\u51fa\u4e86“\u5403\u7ccc\u7c91\u7684\u8d76\u8d70\u5403\u5927\u7c73\u7684”\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/span>


\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982“\u5c3c\u6728\u4e8b\u4ef6”\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u516c\u793e\u5316\u800c\u6fc0\u8d77\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3c\u6728\u53bf\u6b63\u5728\u915d\u917f\u529e\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u800c\u5c1a\u672a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span>


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[1] \u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u897f\u85cf\u515a\u53f2\u5927\u4e8b\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6253\u6b7b\u6253\u4f24\u591a\u5c11“\u5e72\u90e8\u3001\u6218\u58eb”\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u5176\u5b9e\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00“\u5e73\u53db”\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/span>

[2] \u6240\u8c13“\u5e3d\u5b50”\uff0c\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u662f\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u62db\u81f4\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u751a\u81f3\u8feb\u5bb3\u7b49\u540d\u4e49\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8272\u5f69\u3002<\/span>

[3] \u6240\u8c13“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\uff0c\u662f1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f31960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u5168\u85cf\u533a\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u6240\u8c13“\u5e9f\u9664\u5c01\u5efa\u519c\u5974\u4e3b\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u5236”\u3001“\u5e9f\u9664\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6”\u3001“\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6743”\u3002<\/span>

[4] \u6307\u88ab\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca“\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50”\u548c“\u9886\u4e3b\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba”\u3002<\/span>

[5] \u89c1\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u897f\u85cf\u515a\u53f2\u5927\u4e8b\u8bb0\uff081949-1994\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u515a\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u5f81\u96c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7f16\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1995\u5e74\u3002<\/span>

[6] \u89c1\u300a\u5929\u846c\uff1a\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u300b\uff0c\u738b\u529b\u96c4\u8457\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5927\u5757\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2009\u5e74\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u4e8e1998\u5e74\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u660e\u955c\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/span>

[7] \u89c1\u300a\u56fd\u5916\u85cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8bd1\u6587\u96c6\uff08\u5341\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\u5e74\u3002<\/span>

[8]\u89c1\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u897f\u85cf\u515a\u53f2\u5927\u4e8b\u8bb0\uff081949-1994\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u515a\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u5f81\u96c6\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7f16\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1995\u5e74\u3002<\/span>

[9] \u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u300a\u9f99\u5728\u96ea\u57df\uff1a\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e03\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5de6\u5cb8\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2011\u5e74\u3002<\/span>
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