{"id":65070,"date":"2016-06-30T22:11:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-30T22:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=65070 "},"modified":"2016-06-30T22:11:00","modified_gmt":"2016-06-30T22:11:00","slug":"65070-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=65070","title":{"rendered":"\u5f90\u8d32\uff1a\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u6015\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u904d\u5e03\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u548c\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u544a\u5bc6\u8005\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48?\u5b88\u4f4f\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u51fa\u5356\uff0c\u4e0d\u80cc\u53db\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f53\u544a\u5bc6\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; 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font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u3000\u3000\u89c1\u8bc1\u51b7\u6218\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6545\u4e8b<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u3000 \u5308\u7259\u5229\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u5361\u8482&#8226;\u9a6c\u987f(Kati Marton)\u5728\u300a\u5e03\u8fbe\u4f69\u65af\u5f80\u4e8b\u300b\u91cc\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u4ee3\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u5979\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u5f80\u4e8b\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5308\u7259\u5229\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u6863\u6848\u91cc\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u524d\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u9f50\u5c14\u4f2f(Herbert Zilber)\u8bf4\uff1a&#8220;\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u6863\u6848\u3002&#8230;&#8230;\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6863\u6848\u91cc\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u638c\u63a7\u5728\u638c\u63e1\u6863\u6848\u8005\u624b\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7acb\u6863\u6848\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u7f16\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u4eba\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4ed6\u6863\u6848\u7684\u955c\u5f71\u7f62\u4e86\u3002&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u3000\u3000\u6863\u6848\u662f\u6743\u529b\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u662f\u6743\u529b\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684&#8220;\u5ba2\u89c2\u8bb0\u5f55&#8221;\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u5374\u662f\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u4eba\u6027\u5351\u52a3\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u9f8c\u9f8a\u52a8\u673a&#8212;&#8212;\u5ac9\u5992\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u8c04\u5a9a\u3001\u80cc\u53db\u3001\u51fa\u5356&#8212;&#8212;\u6240\u652f\u914d\u7684&#8220;\u544a\u5bc6\u8005&#8221;\u5077\u5077\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6863\u6848\u91cc\u7684&#8220;\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;\u82cf\u8054\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e0c\u62c9&#8226;\u83f2\u8328\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u514b(Sheila Fitzpatrick)\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a&#8220;\u6863\u6848\u4eba&#8221;(file-self)&#8212;&#8212;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7d\u7075\u822c\u7684\u9634\u6697\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; 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font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u3000\u3000\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\u5145\u6ee1\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9547\u538b\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u795e\u901a\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u5e03\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u7531\u65e0\u6570\u544a\u5bc6\u8005\u6784\u7ec7\u800c\u6210\u7684\u5927\u7f51\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5308\u7259\u5229\u6267\u884c\u82cf\u8054\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u6050\u6016\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6267\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf&#8220;\u76f4\u63a5\u6c47\u62a5\u4e8e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u7279\u52a1\u673a\u5173&#8212;&#8212;\u5185\u52a1\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7684\u514b\u683c\u52c3\u3002\u5b83\u4e8e1946\u5e749\u6708\u6210\u7acb&#8230;&#8230;\u4e0b\u8bbe\u5341\u4e03\u4e2a\u79d1\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7279\u522b\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7ea2\u519b\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5185\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u515a\u6d3e&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u3000\u3000\u5361\u8482\u5fc3\u6709\u4f59\u60b8\u5730\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c&#8220;\u6211\u5728\u957f\u5927\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6e10\u6e10\u8ba4\u6e05\uff0c\u5176[\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf]\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6b8b\u5fcd\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u5bf9\u4e4b\u675f\u624b\u65e0\u7b56\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u79d1\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u544a\u5bc6\u7f51\uff0c\u6765\u6e17\u900f\u63a7\u5236\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u62db\u52df\u544a\u5bc6\u8005\u9760\u7684\u662f\u6050\u5413\uff1a\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u4f1a\u5728\u6df1\u66f4\u534a\u591c\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ece\u5e8a\u4e0a\u5e26\u8d70;\u4ed6\u53ea\u8981\u7518\u613f\u5145\u5f53\u544a\u5bc6\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u83b7\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u544a\u5bc6\u7f51\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eb2\u53cb;\u6709\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\u4e14\u654f\u611f\u7684\u544a\u5bc6\u8005&#8212;&#8212;\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u5bb6\u7684\u4fdd\u59c6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u539a\u62a5\u916c&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u3000\u3000\u82cf\u8054\u5f0f\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u662f\u4ece\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u540e\u7684&#8220;\u5168\u4fc4\u8083\u53cd\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a&#8221;(\u7b80\u79f0&#8220;\u5951\u5361&#8221;)\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c&#8220;\u5951\u5361&#8221;\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u7d20\u4ee5\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u6e05\u5ec9\u8457\u79f0\u7684\u6377\u5c14\u4efb\u65af\u57fa\u4f3c\u4e4e\u65e9\u5c31\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u6076\u68cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u751f\u4ea7\u6076\u68cd\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u5951\u5361\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4eba\uff0c&#8220;\u5723\u4eba\u548c\u6076\u68cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u73b0\u5728\u5723\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u79bb\u6211\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u6076\u68cd\u4e86&#8221;\uff0c&#8220;\u5951\u5361\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u8150\u8d25\u6216\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u5bb6\u4f19&#8230;&#8230;\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u591a\u4e48\u6b63\u76f4\uff0c\u5fc3\u5730\u5982\u4f55\u7eaf\u51c0&#8230;&#8230;\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u5951\u5361\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u73b0\u51fa\u539f\u5f62&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u3000\u3000\u82cf\u8054\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u53f6\u5229\u94a6\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u62c5\u4efb\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u7279\u522b\u52a9\u7406\u7684\u5fb7\u7c73\u7279\u91cc&#8226;\u6c83\u5c14\u79d1\u6208\u6d1b\u592b(Dmitri Volkogonov)\u8bf4\uff0c1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6cbb\u8b66\u5bdf(NKVD)\u519b\u5b98\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c&#8220;\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u72ac\u5112\u548c\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u72c2&#8221;\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u95f4\u8c0d\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9&#8226;\u970d\u8d6b\u6d1b\u592b(Nikolai Khoklov)\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d1f\u8d23\u62db\u52df\u65b0\u624b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u514b\u683c\u52c3\u9ad8\u5b98\u5e15\u7ef4\u5c14&#8226;\u82cf\u6735\u666e\u62c9\u6258\u592b(Pavel Sudoplatov)\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u793a\u662f\uff0c&#8220;\u627e\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u547d\u8fd0\u6216\u5929\u6027\u53d7\u8fc7\u4f24\u7684\u4eba&#8212;&#8212;\u90a3\u4e9b\u6027\u683c\u4e11\u964b\u3001\u6709\u81ea\u5351\u60c5\u7ed3\u3001\u55dc\u6743\u3001\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u6b32\u4f46\u53c8\u5c61\u906d\u632b\u6298\u548c\u4e0d\u987a\u5229\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u627e\u90a3\u4e9b\u867d\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u53d7\u51bb\u997f\u4e4b\u82e6\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u56e0\u8d2b\u56f0\u800c\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7684\u4eba&#8230;&#8230;\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u3001\u6709\u6743\u529b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u8d8a\u611f&#8230;&#8230;\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c1d\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u751c\u5934\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6b7b\u5fc3\u584c\u5730\u5730\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: tahoma, \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u3000\u3000\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u7edf\u6cbb\u4f7f\u5f97\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd1\u4e8e\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u7684\u7126\u8651\u3001\u6355\u98ce\u6349\u5f71\u7684\u731c\u7591\u548c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6467\u6b8b(demoralizing)\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u6bd4\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u6050\u6016\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9000\u5316\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\u7b49\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u4fdd\u547d\u672c\u80fd\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u547d\u6c42\u751f\u3001\u907f\u514d\u8089\u4f53\u6298\u78e8\uff0c\u4eba\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5168\u65e0\u5ec9\u803b\u3001\u5974\u6027\u5341\u8db3\u3001\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p><p style=\"color: #333333; 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