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\u7b54\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u628a\u5b66\u751f\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u5584\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u548c\u662f\u975e\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u91cd\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5c3d\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u628a\u5b66\u751f\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u4e00\u515a\u7edf\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b“\u53c8\u7ea2\u53c8\u4e13”\u7684\u515a\u6c11\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u5de5 \u5177\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8bfe\u7a0b\u81f3\u5c11\u90fd\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u662f\u5426\u5145\u5206\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff09\uff1a\u63d0\u5021\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u5173\u7231\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u5bb9\u8bb8\u6216\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u3001\u7528\u8bf4\u7406\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u5206\u6b67\u548c\u4e89\u7aef\u3002<\/p>
\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u662f\u975e\u89c2\u6bd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c0a\u91cd\u5e38\u8bc6\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u3001\u542b\u7cca\u5176\u8f9e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u6709\u6559\u5e08\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u84c4\u5974\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5e9f\u5974\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u6b67\u89c6\u9ed1\u4eba\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4e0d\u6b67\u89c6\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8001\u5e08\u662f\u5728\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u8bf4——\u5f53\u7136\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5bf9\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u8bf4\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u524d30\u5e74\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u9769\u540e\u768430\u5e74\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u6253\u571f\u8c6a\u3001\u5747\u8d2b\u5bcc\uff0c\u6ca1\u6536\u5730\u4e3b\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u641e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u516c\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u4ebf\u4e07\u5bcc\u7fc1\uff0c\u7a77\u7684\u7a77\uff0c\u5bcc\u7684\u5bcc\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u8001\u5e08\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4e5f\u8ddf\u7740\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6562\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053\uff0c\u8fd8\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u6210\u6b63\u513f\u516b\u7ecf\u7684“\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5”\u548c“\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u8bba”\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb·\u5965\u5a01\u5c14(George Orwell)\u5728\u300a1984\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u628a\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7acb\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3a“\u53cc\u91cd\u601d\u60f3”(doublethink)\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u601d\u60f3\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/p>
\u95ee\uff1a2014\u5e74\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u53eb\u300a\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba“\u81ea\u5e72\u4e94”\u73b0\u8c61\u300b\u53d1\u4e8e\u4e1c\u7f51\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u674e\u5b87\u6656\u53d1\u73b0“\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b8f\u89c2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u610f\u89c1\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5185\u7f51\u7ad9\u8981\u5de6\u5f97\u591a”\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\uff1f\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u662f\u865a\u4f2a\u6216\u662f\u8868\u91cc\u4e0d\u4e00\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>
\u7b54\uff1a\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf“\u865a\u4f2a”\u6216“\u8868\u91cc\u4e0d\u4e00”\u90a3\u4e48 \u7b80\u5355\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u8bf4\u5f97\u4ed4\u7ec6\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u4e00\u4ee3\u53c8\u4e00\u4ee3\u5584\u4e8e“\u53cc\u91cd\u601d\u60f3”\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u7684“\u81ea\u5e72\u4e94”\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002“\u53cc\u91cd\u601d\u60f3”\u4e00\u65e6\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5916\u56fd\u4e5f\u7167\u6837\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002“\u53cc\u91cd\u601d\u60f3”\u662f\u4e00\u79cd“\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03”(cognitive dissonance)\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u89e6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6216\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u670d\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u660e\u660e\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u524d30\u5e74\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u540e30\u5e74\u4e5f\u6b63\u786e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>
\u6b63\u5982\u5965\u7ef4\u5c14\u5728\u300a1984\u300b\u91cc\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\uff0c\u6781\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u751f\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u8feb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u8bf4\u4e00\u5957\u505a\u4e00\u5957\uff0c\u6234\u7740\u5047\u9762\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u957f\u800c\u4e45\u4e4b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u601d\u60f3\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3002“\u6218\u4e89\u5373\u548c\u5e73”\u3001“\u81ea\u7531\u5373\u5974\u5f79”,\u771f\u7406\u90e8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5f7c\u6b64\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u65f6\u800c\u7528“\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c”\uff0c\u65f6\u800c\u7528“\u8fa9\u8bc1\u7edf\u4e00”\u704c\u8f93\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5934\u8111\u91cc\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u5bf9\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3——\u5931\u6052\u3001 \u65e0\u6240\u9002\u4ece\u3001\u7126\u8651\u3001\u632b\u6298\u611f\u3001\u5931\u8d25\u611f\u3001\u81ea\u5351\u3001\u6cae\u4e27\u3001\u4e0d\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u6052\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>
\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba“\u81ea\u5e72\u4e94”\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u8868\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8fb9“\u7231\u56fd”\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\uff08\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6539\u53d8\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u8c03\u9002\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u632a\u5a01\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u5c14\u65af\u7279(Jon Elster)\u5728\u300a\u9178\u8461\u8404\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u65e6\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u529b\u9650\u5236\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u60f3“\u56de\u56fd”\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0a\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u4e0d\u591a\u4e0d\u5c11\u5730\u7cbe\u51c6\u8c03\u9002\uff0c\u8c03\u9002\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210“\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8c03\u9002”(over-adaptation)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u91cc\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u520a\u7269\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4f1a\u628a“\u81ea\u6211\u5ba1\u67e5”\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81ea\u6211\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba“\u81ea\u5e72\u4e94”\u90a3\u79cd\u5f88\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8c03\u9002\u3002<\/p>
\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8bf4“\u5938\u5f20”\uff1f<\/p>
\u7b54\uff1a\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u94b1 \u7684\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u6bd4\u53d7\u96c7\u7684\u6216\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u5947\u602a\u3001\u8fdd\u53cd\u5e38\u7406\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406 \u5b66\u5bb6\u5229\u6602·\u8cbb\u65af\u6c40\u683c(Leon Festinger)\u548c\u9ed8\u91cc\u5c14·\u5361\u5c14\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af(J. Merrill Carlsmith)\u66fe\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba971\u540d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u91cd\u590d\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u6781\u4e3a\u67af\u71e5\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u90fd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u975e\u5e38\u53cd\u611f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4eec \u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u53bb\u529d\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e5f\u6765\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u548c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4eec\u6709\u7684\u5f97\u52301\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5f97\u523020\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u3002<\/p>
\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4eec\u90fd\u88ab\u8feb\u9677\u5165\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\uff0c“\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u522b\u4eba\u8fd9 \u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u65e0\u804a”\u3002\u8fd9\u660e\u660e\u662f\u5728\u8bf4\u8c0e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f97\u52301\u7f8e\u5143\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u5f97\u523020\u7f8e\u5143\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u8bf4\u8c0e\u65f6\u66f4\u5fc3\u5b89\u7406\u5f97\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec \u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u94b1\u624d\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u771f\u8bda\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u800c\u5f9720\u7f8e\u5143\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u4eba\u5374\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u4e86\u94b1\u624d\u8bf4\u7684\u8c0e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u627f\u8ba4“\u6211\u4e0d \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5374\u8bf4\u4e86\u8c0e”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>
\u5f971\u7f8e\u5143\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u5f9720\u7f8e\u5143\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u8a00\u4e0d\u7531\u5fc3\u5730\u529d \u8bf4\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e0d\u662f“\u7531\u5fc3”\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u91d1\u94b1\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u771f\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u8c0e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e73\u606f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 \u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u800c\u5f9720\u7f8e\u5143\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5e73\u606f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5931\u8c03\u3002<\/p>
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\u95ee\uff1a\u5982\u4eca\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u957f\u56e0\u62c5\u5fe7\u56fd\u5185\u6559\u80b2\u800c\u65e9\u65e9\u9001\u5b69\u5b50\u51fa\u56fd\uff0c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5417\uff1f<\/p>
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