{"id":6723,"date":"2008-11-19T11:49:14","date_gmt":"2008-11-19T11:49:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=6723 "},"modified":"2008-11-19T11:49:14","modified_gmt":"2008-11-19T11:49:14","slug":"6723-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=6723","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bba\u8bf4"},"content":{"rendered":"



 
        \u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u6c89\u5bc2\u540e\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u8fdb\u5165\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u8f6e\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5927\u90fd\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u665a\u8fd1\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u201d\u540e\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u8bf4\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8bf4\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u65b0\u9896\uff0c\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u66f4\u5b8c\u5907\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u539f\u56e0\u30021978\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u6539\u9769\u9996\u5148\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5b66\u754c\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u5ea6\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff08\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\u79f0\u4f5c\u65b0\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u5982\u79d1\u601d\u3001\u8bfa\u601d\u548c\u5e03\u574e\u5357\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u548c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u7b49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u529b\u5021\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3b\u5f20\u80cc\u540e\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u7740\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a2\u8be2\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u5ea6\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5f20\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u4e5f\u5c31\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u4e86\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6ce2\u666e\u3001\u4f2f\u6797\u548c\u5965\u514b\u8096\u7279\u7b49\u4e5f\u76f8\u7ee7\u8fdb\u5165\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5f15\u4ecb\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u6216\u6709\u5148\u540e\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d7\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u89c6\u5374\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e00\u5927\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002
        
        \u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9664\u4e86\u7814\u8ba8\u4e0a\u8ff0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5f20\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7a76\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7406\u636e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u5bf9\u82f1\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6b27\u9646\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7504\u522b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6ce2\u666e\u5bf9\u6b27\u9646\u5efa\u6784\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u5224\u548c\u5bf9\u82f1\u7f8e\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\uff0c\u4f2f\u6797\u6709\u5173\u6d88\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u533a\u5206\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u7406\u6027\u4e00\u5143\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5c24\u5176\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u7814\u8bfb\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u7406\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5360\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u3001\u6ce2\u666e\u548c\u4f2f\u6797\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7406\u8def\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u89e3\u7406\u6027\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u521d\u8bc1\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u4f55\u4ee5\u8981\u6781\u529b\u8fa9\u89e3\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5938\u5927\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u5bf9\u201c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\u201d\u4e4b\u6279\u5224\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6279\u5224\u7406\u6027\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u7406\u6027\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u672c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u4eba\u8ffd\u968f\u897f\u65b9\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u629b\u5f03\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5931\u5176\u672c\u4e49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u79c9\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u8bef\u89e3\u4e86\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7684\u8bba\u65e8\u3002
        
        \u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7b49\u5bf9\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5426\u5b9a\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6070\u6070\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u660e\u667a\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u7406\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u201c\u6240\u6301\u7684\u53cd\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7acb\u573a(antirationalistic position)\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49(irrationalism)\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5e9f\u5f03\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5bf9\u7406\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u5f53\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u6027\u8003\u5bdf\u201d\u3002\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6216\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5938\u5927\u5f53\u4e0b\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3002\u4eba\u662f\u6709\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u628a\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u89c9\u5f97\u7528\u201crationalism\u201d\u79f0\u547c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u89c2\u5e76\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\uff0c\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u8bef\u89e3\u800c\u6539\u7528\u201c\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49(constructivism)\u201d\u6765\u6307\u79f0\u90a3\u79cd\u8981\u7528\u7406\u6027\u5b89\u6392\u4e00\u5207\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7c\u7a1a\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49(anaive constructivistic rationalism)\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7406\u6027\u89c2\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6279\u5224\u6027\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5f0f\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49(acritical and evolutionary rationalism)\u3002
        
        \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u6b63\u9762\u9610\u91ca\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u89c2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u683c\u96f7\u7684\u8fd1\u671f\u8f6c\u5411\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u8482\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u53cd\u57fa\u7840\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u5256\u6790\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u629b\u5f03\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u540e\u65e0\u6240\u56fa\u6301\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u7406\u6027\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4f1a\u7b80\u660e\u7533\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u662f\u7531\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u65e8\u8da3\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5e76\u975e\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u7ea0\u6b63\u8bef\u8bfb\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5bf9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8f7b\u89c6\u503e\u5411\u3002
        
        \u4e00\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5931\u53bb\u672c\u8d28
        
        \u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u683c\u96f7\u66fe\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u575a\u51b3\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u500d\u53d7\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u79f0\u8bb8\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u683c\u96f7\u5374\u6765\u4e86\u4e2a\u5927\u7ffb\u8f6c\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6597\u58eb\u3002\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u6cc9\u4e0b\u6709\u7075\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f5c\u4f55\u611f\u60f3\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u754c\u5219\u5927\u591a\u4ee5\u201c\u5b66\u672f\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u683c\u96f7\u7684\u201c\u53d8\u8282\u201d\u3002\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u8f6c\u5230\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5374\u5c5e\u51e4\u6bdb\u9e9f\u89d2\u3002\u201c\u4e3a\u7a3b\u7cb1\u8c0b\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u63a2\u8be2\u683c\u96f7\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u53d8\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u6216\u8bb8\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u6309\u76ee\u524d\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u6279\u5224\u201c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u8d1f\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u9057\u4f59\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u683c\u96f7\u540e\u6765\u4ecd\u628a\u4ed6\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u9075\u6b64\u7ebf\u7d22\u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u63a2\u77e5\u683c\u96f7\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u3002
        
        \u5728\u5176\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e24\u5f20\u9762\u5b54\u300b\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u53c2\u89c1\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u683c\u96f7\uff1a\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e24\u5f20\u9762\u5b54\u300b\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248\u3002\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u683c\u96f7\u628a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u4e3a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u6d3e\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6d3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u6d3e\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u575a\u6301\u201c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u666e\u904d\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u653f\u6743\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1b\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7e41\u884d\u751f\u606f\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6d1b\u514b\u3001\u4f0a\u66fc\u7ebd\u5c14\u00b7\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u548c\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u6240\u634d\u536b\u7684\u662f\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u3001\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u4f11\u8c1f\u4ee5\u53ca\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u5965\u514b\u8096\u7279\u548c\u4f2f\u6797\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7684\u5219\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002
        
        \u5728\u683c\u96f7\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u542f\u8499\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6807\u5fd7\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8d4b\u4e88\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u786e\u4fe1\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002\u201c\u5b83\u5047\u5b9a\u771f\u7406\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5021\u5bfc\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u52a0\u4e4b\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5584\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5584\u7684\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u4f53\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u6700\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6216\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u6807\u5374\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u666e\u904d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u56fa\u5b9a\u51c6\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u51c6\u5219\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u3002
        
        \u800c\u4f2f\u6797\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u5171\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6709\u5173\u6700\u4f73\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u6709\u7406\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u8fd9\u4e00\u771f\u7406\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8303\u672c\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1a\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\u8301\u58ee\u6210\u957f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u3002\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u652f\u6491\u7740\u201c\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u201d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4ef7\u503c\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4ef7\u503c\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u65ad\u8a00\u4e89\u8bba\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002
        
        \u683c\u96f7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u76f4\u5360\u636e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u5df2\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u665a\u671f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u5f88\u5c11\u518d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u665a\u671f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u91cd\u53e0\u5171\u8bc6\u201d\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u591a\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63a8\u5d07\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5584\u548c\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fdd\u7559\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7406\u60f3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fbe\u81f4\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u4ed8\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u8981\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u7406\u60f3\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u3002\u683c\u96f7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bfb\u627e\u7edd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u57fa\u7840\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49(foundationalism liberalism)\u201d\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u96be\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u9762\u4e34\u201c\u540e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u653e\u5f03\u57fa\u7840\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u54f2\u5b66\u7b49\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u7edf\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u683c\u96f7\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4eca\u5929\u60df\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4f2f\u6797\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u79c9\u6301\u7684\u3001\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u591a\u5143\u8bba\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6b64\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5584\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8c01\u66f4\u597d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8c01\u66f4\u574f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7ea6\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u6709\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8c01\u66f4\u5408\u6cd5\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8c01\u66f4\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u56e0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u7531\u800c\u5408\u6cd5\u201d\u3002
        
        \u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u683c\u96f7\u4e5f\u6279\u5224\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u6ed1\u5411\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u201d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u672c\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u52a0\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8ba4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u683c\u96f7\u627f\u8ba4\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u5957\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u8fa8\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u3002\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u8fa8\u522b\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f55\u4ee5\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u683c\u96f7\u7adf\u7136\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u4e5f\u8bb8\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u4e86\u3002
        
        \u683c\u96f7\u591a\u6b21\u58f0\u79f0\u53d7\u60e0\u4f2f\u6797\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e24\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u575a\u6301\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u7075\u611f\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4f2f\u6797\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f2f\u6797\u5bf9\u683c\u96f7\u5728\u5176\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u4f2f\u6797\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u63cf\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u4f4d\u53cd\u542f\u8499\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5c31\u5927\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5207\u52ff\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6700\u80fd\u628a\u63e1\u4f2f\u6797\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u754c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u8fd9\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4f2f\u6797\u672c\u4eba\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3002\u683c\u96f7\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6781\u7aef\u5316\u4e86\u4f2f\u6797\u7684\u591a\u5143\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5145\u6ee1\u4ef7\u503c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u4e9b\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7684\u3002
        
        \u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u683c\u96f7\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7531\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u8f6c\u5230\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u548c\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u7b49\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e00\u987e\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u65e0\u9650\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u548c\u4f2f\u6797\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u542f\u8499\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u8bef\u628a\u53cd\u601d\u5f53\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
        
        \u4e8c\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5076\u7136
        
        \u65e0\u72ec\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u8482\u8eab\u4e0a\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u683c\u96f7\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0e\u683c\u96f7\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f57\u8482\u5728\u53cd\u57fa\u7840\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u9762\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u5f7b\u5e95\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4e5f\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002
        
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        \u4f9d\u7f57\u8482\u4e4b\u89c1\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u542f\u8499\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8981\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u56fd\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u6ca1\u6709\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u6216\u6b8b\u66b4\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u7528\u7406\u6027\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5d2d\u65b0\u800c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u5df2\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u7f57\u8482\u53ea\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u201c\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u548c\u7406\u6027\u6301\u7740\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u542f\u8499\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u201d\u3002\u7f57\u8482\u4ecd\u628a\u542f\u8499\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba1\u5212\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u653e\u5f03\u897f\u65b9\u552f\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e26\u6709\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u542b\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f57\u8482\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u50cf\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u6216\u4e2a\u6027\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u7406\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u4e00\u6587\u5316\u89c6\u754c\u800c\u666e\u904d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u8f7b\u8a00\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u3002
        
        \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7f57\u8482\u4ecd\u7136\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u60f3\u4f7f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u91cd\u65b0\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u539f\u6765\u628a\u7406\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5962\u671b\u3002\u7f57\u8482\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u7406\u6027\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u72e1\u667a\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u5206\u91ce\u4e43\u662f\u9648\u65e7\u8fc7\u65f6\u4e14\u7b28\u62d9\u4e0d\u582a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u6452\u5f03\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u9057\u8ff9\u201d\u3002\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u662f\u56de\u907f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u5206\u91ce\u3002\u867d\u7136\u542f\u8499\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8087\u59cb\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u5374\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u7f57\u8482\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u975e\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u8ff0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6784\u8ff0\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u542f\u8499\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e00\u65e6\u70df\u6d88\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u4e91\u6563\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6784\u8ff0\u4f1a\u6bd4\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
        
        \u5728\u7f57\u8482\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5316\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u5584\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba1\u5212\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u80cc\u4e66\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u9700\u6c42\u4e4b\u6b8b\u4f59\u300218\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u8bd5\u56fe\u548c\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u642d\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6700\u8981\u7d27\u6216\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u632f\u594b\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u514b\u670d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f6c\u5411\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u524d\u7ebf\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6fc0\u53d1\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5373\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u52a0\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5e0c\u671b\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u80fd\u591f\u2018\u8bd7\u5316\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5e0c\u671b\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u80fd\u591f\u2018\u7406\u6027\u5316\u2019\u6216\uff0c\u2018\u79d1\u5b66\u5316\u2019\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u73b0\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u82f1\u96c4\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u5f3a\u5065\u8bd7\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8bc1\u6210\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5ba3\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u5177\u6709\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8bcd\u6c47\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f7f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u91cd\u89c6\u3001\u4e0e\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b57\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6b63\u4e49\u7b49\u7b49\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u3002\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u2018\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u2019\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u8d28\u95ee\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5df2\u65e5\u76ca\u2018\u5408\u4e4e\u7406\u6027\u2019\uff0c\u6216\u6000\u7591\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u2018\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u2019\uff0c\u7edf\u7edf\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\u3002\u201d\u7f57\u8482\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e3b\u4e49\u540c\u6837\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u548c\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5076\u7136\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4e16\u754c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5916\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u628a\u4eba\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u3002
        
        \u6851\u5fb7\u5c14\u66fe\u5bf9\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u5176\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u5730\u634d\u536b\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1f\u201c\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f\u201d\u9488\u5bf9\u6851\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u7f57\u8482\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5e94\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u52a0\u4ee5\u56de\u907f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u743c\u65af\u662f\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u4ea4\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7f6e\u82e5\u7f54\u95fb\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u770b\u4f5c\u50cf\u62e9\u53cb\u6216\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7406\u636e\u53ea\u8bc9\u8bf8\u5927\u5bb6\u719f\u6089\u7684\u3001\u5171\u540c\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u3002\u201d
        
        \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f57\u8482\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0d\u662f\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5076\u7136\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u6027\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5230\u5e95\u5305\u542b\u90a3\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5462\uff1f\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u7f57\u8482\u66fe\u501f\u7528\u6851\u5fb7\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6700\u4f4e\u7eb2\u9886\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\u6765\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u201c\u4e3b\u5f20\u8d5e\u6210\u81ea\u7531\u72b6\u51b5\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53cd\u8bbd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005(liberalismironist)\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u7f57\u8482\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u6731\u8fea\u65af\u00b7\u53f2\u514b\u62c9\u5c14\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u201c\u6b8b\u9177\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6b8b\u9177\u662f\u6700\u574f\u7684\u4e8b\u201d\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u8bbd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5979\u6216\u4ed6\uff08\u7f57\u8482\u6240\u5851\u9020\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5178\u578b\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff09\u8ba4\u771f\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u9762\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79c9\u6301\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u552f\u540d\u8bba\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u76f8\u4fe1\u90a3\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6b32\u671b\u80cc\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u8d8a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u673a\u7f18\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53cd\u8bbd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5373\u5e0c\u671b\u82e6\u96be\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u4fae\u8fb1\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u82e5\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u8a00\u8bba\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u8bf4\u670d\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u884c\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u5fc3\u80f8\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u8d5e\u6210\u5e76\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u771f\u7406\u201d\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f01\u56fe\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u2018\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u2019\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
        
        \u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u7f57\u8482\u4e4b\u4e0d\u8981\u7406\u6027\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u683c\u96f7\u7684\u201c\u540e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u51e0\u4e4e\u5269\u4e0d\u4e0b\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f57\u8482\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u9664\u4e86\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u201d\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u540c\u4e3a\u65b0\u5b9e\u7528\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u5766\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u7f57\u8482\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u53cd\u8bbd\u4eba\u201d\u65f6\u4e5f\u6279\u8bc4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8f6c\u5411\u7f57\u8482\u4f01\u56fe\u79c1\u4eba\u5316\u53cd\u8bbd\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u53d1\u6325\u79c1\u4eba\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u50cf\u7f57\u8482\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u90a3\u6837\u5730\u6d01\u8eab\u81ea\u597d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u600e\u4e48\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u52a8\u673a\u53bb\u62c5\u8d1f\u8d77\u516c\u5171\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f57\u8482\u4e4b\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u4f46\u81ea\u8eab\u96be\u4ee5\u7acb\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6781\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u3002
        
        \u8fd9\u4e5f\u96be\u602a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u675c\u5a01\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7f57\u8482\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u82f1\u96c4\u2014\u2014\u5c3c\u91c7\u3001\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u3001\u798f\u67ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5949\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u66fe\u5411\u4eba\u6c11\u9f13\u5439\u8fc7\u98a0\u8986\u3001\u51b3\u88c2\u548c\u8fdd\u53cd\u7b49\u79bb\u7ecf\u53db\u9053\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7f57\u8482\u672c\u4eba\u5927\u529b\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5219\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6700\u4e3a\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u50cf\u5eb7\u5fb7\u3001\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5374\u53c8\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7f57\u8482\u6240\u8bf4\u53cd\u57fa\u7840\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u90fd\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7406\u6027\uff08\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u201d\u3001\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u7684\u201c\u4ea4\u5f80\u7406\u6027\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u201c\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u201d\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u675c\u5a01\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u65a5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u62d2\u65a5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e7\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u62d2\u65a5\u54f2\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u6781\u529b\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u201c\u54f2\u5b66\u652f\u6301\u201d\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u6839\u636e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5706\u6ee1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u6210\u957f\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u675c\u5a01\u62d2\u7edd\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e2d\u5148\u9a8c\u5730\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u540c\u6837\u5173\u5fc3\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u652f\u6301\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5e0c\u671b\u800c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b83\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u201c\u7406\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201d\u3002\u800c\u7f57\u8482\u5374\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u675c\u5a01\u53ea\u662f\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u54f2\u5b66\u652f\u6301\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u7f57\u8482\u8bd5\u56fe\u9610\u660e\u4e0e\u5176\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u96be\u4ee5\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002
        
        \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7f57\u8482\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u529b\u56fe\u8c03\u548c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u6b64\u56f0\u5883\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u95ee\u9898\u6401\u7f6e\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u73b0\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5b8c\u5168\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u52a1\u5fc5\u9632\u6b62\u5b83\u6c61\u67d3\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0e\u5176\u65e9\u671f\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6240\u9610\u53d1\u7684\u53cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u7f57\u8482\u88ab\u8feb\u52c9\u4e3a\u5176\u96be\u5730\u628a\u54f2\u5b66\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6e05\u7406\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u7f57\u8482\u90a3\u91cc\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u8ff0\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bb2\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u3002
        
        \u4e09\u3001\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bfb\u6c42\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u5b66
        
        \u4ece\u683c\u96f7\u548c\u7f57\u8482\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u6848\u4e2d\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u7406\u6027\u81f3\u5c11\u4f1a\u4f7f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5931\u53bb\u672c\u8d28\u800c\u65e0\u6240\u56fa\u6301\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u66fe\u6709\u8fc7\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bfb\u627e\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b66\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u8865\u8db3\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u7528\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6839\u7531\u5b8c\u5168\u66ff\u4ee3\u7406\u6027\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5c3d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc5\u5492\u6ee5\u7528\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6076\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u629b\u5f03\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u7406\u6027\u6839\u57fa\u5219\u6700\u7ec8\u6216\u4f7f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d41\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6cdb\u6216\u4f7f\u5176\u8d70\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u3002
        
        \u6b63\u5982\u7f57\u8482\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u521d\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u7406\u6027\u8bc1\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u51b3\u975e\u5982\u7f57\u8482\u6240\u8a00\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5076\u7136\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u4eba\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u903b\u8f91\u8d77\u70b9\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u8bc1\u6210\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u6700\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u6700\u4e0d\u574f\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u539f\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u6743\u662f\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d4b\u4e88\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u8d4b\u4e88\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5929\u8d4b\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u7684\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9\u5c31\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u89c2\u6f14\u5316\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u6240\u5efa\u6811\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u7406\u6027\u89c2\u6709\u6240\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u6216\u6df1\u601d\u800c\u7ec6\u6784\u6216\u53cd\u601d\u800c\u91cd\u7b51\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u4e4b\u518d\u63a2\u201c\u516c\u5171\u7406\u6027\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u7528\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u7406\u6027\u201d\u6df1\u5316\u542f\u8499\u7406\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u6b64\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u660e\u8bc1\u3002\u800c\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u3001\u6ce2\u666e\u548c\u67cf\u6797\u7b49\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7740\u529b\u6279\u5224\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7531\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u5206\u72c2\u5984\u800c\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u7406\u6027\u6216\u975e\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u529b\u56fe\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u91cd\u6784\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u667a\u7684\u7406\u6027\u89c2\uff0c\u5207\u4e0d\u53ef\u9519\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u629b\u5f03\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u3002
        
        \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f55\u4ee5\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u6709\u7740\u5982\u6b64\u5bc6\u5207\u52fe\u8fde\uff1f\u8fd9\u5f97\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002\u4e00\u5982\u6743\u529b\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8bba\u8bc1\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6216\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5b83\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u6392\u9664\u6c11\u4e3b\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u5171\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6765\u81ea\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388\uff0c\u6216\u6e90\u81ea\u738b\u671d\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u4e2a\u522b\u8fd8\u6709\u519b\u4e8b\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u5361\u91cc\u65af\u9a6c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u6027\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u6027\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u795e\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u795e\u5b66\uff09\u3002
        
        \u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u610f\uff1f\u600e\u6837\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u540c\u610f\uff1f\u7406\u6027\u54f2\u5b66\u6070\u597d\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u7406\u6027\u54f2\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6216\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u903b\u8f91\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7ec8\u6781\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u529b\u53ea\u80fd\u6e90\u81ea\u4e2a\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u7684\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u518d\u4efb\u610f\u5265\u593a\u539f\u672c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u3002
        
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