{"id":67876,"date":"2016-10-20T12:10:00","date_gmt":"2016-10-20T12:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=67876 "},"modified":"2016-10-20T12:10:00","modified_gmt":"2016-10-20T12:10:00","slug":"67876-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=67876","title":{"rendered":"\u4e01\u6292\uff1a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u6587\u9769\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/div>

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\u6797\u5f6a\u5e73\u7d20\u505a\u4e8b\u51b3\u4e0d\u51fa\u5934\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e5d\u5e74\u5728\u5e90\u5c71\u6253\u5012\u5f6d\u5fb7\u6000\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u5f85\u60c5\u52bf\u660e\u6717\u540e\u624d\u4e0a\u5c71\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u516d\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u6253\u5012\u5218\u5c11\u5947\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u70ae\u6253\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u300b\u7684\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\u4ee5\u540e\u6797\u5f6a\u624d\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6bdb\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u6216\u8005\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u5934\u6253\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u4e3b\u6301\u519b\u961f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f5c\u98ce\u5f3a\u608d\uff0c\u4e0e\u8d3a\u9f99\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u519b\u59d4\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u751a\u878d\u6d3d\u3002\u8fde\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u9648\u4e15\u663e\u90fd\u8bf4\uff1a\u7f57\u5f88\u6709\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46“\u4ed6\u4f5c\u98ce\u751f\u786c\u7b49\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u5fd7\u6709\u610f\u89c1\u3002”\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e94\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u521d\u53ec\u5f00\u519b\u59d4\u4f5c\u6218\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u7684\u73ed\u5b50\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bae\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u56e0\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u7531\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u505a\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u7f57\u4fbf\u8f7b\u7387\u51b3\u5b9a\u6487\u5f00\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u6539\u7531\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b80\u62a5\u4e0a\u505a\u4e86\u9884\u544a\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u7a81\u7136\u53e3\u6388\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u8981\u79d8\u4e66\u7acb\u5373\u544a\u8bc9\u7f57\u745e\u537f\uff1a“\u4e0d\u51c6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3002”“\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6563\u5e03\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6563\u5e03\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u5f53\u4f17\u5ba3\u5e03\u6536\u56de\u3002\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u8303\u56f4\u6563\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u8303\u56f4\u6536\u56de\u3002”“\u5173\u4e8e\u7f57\u603b\u957f\u505a\u603b\u7ed3\u53d1\u8a00\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5bf9……”[14]<\/span><\/p>

\u6797\u5f6a\u8fd9\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u7a81\u7136\u3002\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5e73\u7d20\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u53ec\u5f00\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u56db\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u3001\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u548c\u6768\u6210\u6b66\u5230\u6b66\u660c\u5411\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8bf7\u793a\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53d6\u6d88\u519b\u8854\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u519b\u670d\u3001\u5e3d\u5fbd\u3001\u9886\u7ae0\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002\u6bdb\u6279\u51c6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u624d\u5411\u6797\u5f6a\u6c47\u62a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u519b\u59d4\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u90fd\u7f6e\u8eab\u5ea6\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u6797\u5f6a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e89\u6743\u3002\u5c31\u8fde\u53d6\u6d88\u519b\u8854\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8d3a\u9f99\u3001\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5728\u5317\u6234\u6cb3\u5411\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6c47\u62a5\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u8d3a\u3001\u6bdb\u4e24\u4eba\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u56de\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u7ed9\u6797\u5f6a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5f81\u6c42\u5176\u5bf9\u53d6\u6d88\u519b\u8854\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5411\u4ed6\u901a\u544a\u8be5\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002[15]\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u504f\u504f\u5bf9\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u53d6\u4ee3\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u505a\u603b\u7ed3\u8fd9\u4ef6\u5c0f\u4e8b\u53d1\u51fa\u5982\u6b64\u51cc\u5389\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff1f<\/span><\/p>

\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5411\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u505a\u4e86\u6c47\u62a5\u3002“\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3a\u6b64\u7533\u65a5\u6797\u5f6a‘\u4e0d\u6293\u5927\u4e8b’\u3001‘\u653e\u6743’\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u62db\u6b64\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u607c\u6012\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6307\u793a……”\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6bdb\u5f00\u59cb\u79d8\u5bc6\u5b89\u6392\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u6536\u96c6\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002[16]\u6b64\u4e8b\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u65e0\u65c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u6797\u5f6a\u5bf9\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u7a81\u7136\u88ad\u51fb\u7684\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u7531\u519b\u59d4\u673a\u5173\u5f00\u4f1a\u6279\u5224\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u7684\u526f\u624b\u8427\u5411\u8363\uff08\u519b\u59d4\u526f\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u3001\u519b\u59d4\u529e\u516c\u4f1a\u8bae\u6210\u5458\u3001\u519b\u59d4\u529e\u516c\u5385\u4e3b\u4efb\u517c\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u529e\u516c\u5385\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u519b\u59d4\u76f4\u5c5e\u673a\u5173\u515a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u3001\u519b\u59d4\u529e\u516c\u5385\u515a\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\uff09\u3002\u8427\u5411\u8363\u88ab“\u76d1\u62a4\u5ba1\u67e5”\u3002\u6768\u6210\u6b66\u517c\u4e86\u8427\u5411\u8363\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u64a4\u804c\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u88ab\u67b6\u7a7a\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u8fd9\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8c01\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\uff1f\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u3001\u6768\u6210\u6b66\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4ec0\u4e48\u89d2\u8272\uff1f\u73b0\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5747\u5bf9\u6b64\u8bb3\u83ab\u5982\u6df1\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u73b0\u4eca\u4e2d\u5171\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u5e95\u6797\u5f6a\u6d3e\u592b\u4eba\u53f6\u7fa4\u5411\u6bdb\u9012\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u8bec\u544a\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u7684\u4fe1\u3002\u53f6\u7fa4\u5bf9\u6bdb\u5927\u8086\u8bec\u9677\u7f57\uff0c\u6ed4\u6ed4\u4e0d\u7edd\u5730\u8bb2\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u6bdb\u504f\u542c\u504f\u4fe1\uff0c\u51a4\u6789\u4e86\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u660e\u6446\u7740\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6709\u8fdd\u6797\u5f6a\u7684\u4e00\u8d2f\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fde\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u90fd\u8bf4\uff1a“\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u6709\u5f04\u6e05\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6797\u5f6a\u592b\u5987\u4f55\u4ee5\u6562\u4e8e\u544a\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u3002\u6797\u5f6a\u90a3\u4e48\u6ce8\u610f\u97ec\u6666\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u6015\u544a\u4e0d\u51c6\u53cd\u800c\u642c\u8d77\u77f3\u5934\u7838\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u811a\u5417\uff1f”[17]<\/span><\/p>

\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff1a“\u5982\u679c\uff08\u6bdb\uff09\u5bf9\u6797\u5f6a\u7684\u544a\u72b6\u4e0d\u51c6\uff0c\u90a3\u6797\u5f6a\u5c31\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u8bec\u544a\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u53cd\u5750\u3002”\u6bdb\u9700\u8981\u6797\u5f6a\uff0c\u6743\u8861\u5229\u5f0a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4fdd\u6797\u820d\u7f57\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u6797\u5f6a\u7684\u8bec\u544a\u3002[18]\u8fde\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u7684\u5973\u513f\u90fd\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6797\u5f6a\u8981\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u642c\u6389\u7238\u7238\u8fd9\u5757\u7eca\u811a\u77f3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c……\u4e3a\u4e86\u9664\u6389\u7761\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u6797\u5f6a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76df\u53cb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u6210\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u727a\u7272\u7684\u68cb\u5b50\u3002”[19]<\/span><\/p>

\u6797\u5f6a\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u5168\u90e8\u683d\u5230\u6797\u5f6a\u5934\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u5c0f\u5e73\u8bb2\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u641e\u7a81\u7136\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u6211\u8d5e\u6210\u4ed6\u3002\uff08\u6211\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u542c\u4e86\u6797\u5f6a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6574\u4e86\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u3002”[20]<\/span><\/p>

\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u600e\u4e48\u90a3\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u504f\u542c\u504f\u4fe1\uff1f\u96be\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u5177\u6728\u5076\uff1f<\/span><\/p>

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\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff1a<\/span><\/p>

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\u6797\u5f6a11\u670830\u65e5[21]<\/span><\/p>

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\u4ee5\u519b\u59d4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4e3b\u6301\u519b\u59d4\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8d3a\u9f99\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c“\u6e05\u541b\u4fa7”\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u662f\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6700\u6840\u9a9c\u4e0d\u9a6f\u7684\u3002\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u4ed6\u5728\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u79f0\u6bdb\u4e3a“\u6bdb\u5927\u5e05”\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u5ef6\u5b89\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8bf4“\u563f\uff0c\u6bdb\u5927\u5e05\u53c8\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002”\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ed6\u4efb\u897f\u5357\u519b\u533a\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u662f\u5176\u653f\u59d4\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u53d6\u6d88\u897f\u5357\u519b\u533a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u5927\u519b\u533a\u554a\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6015\u6211\u4eec\u9020\u53cd\u3002”“\u676f\u9152\u91ca\u5175\u6743\u3002”\u8d3a\u9f99\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5ba2\u5385\u8fd8\u662f\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4ece\u6ca1\u6302\u8fc7\u4e00\u5f20\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u50cf\u3002\u5168\u56fd“\u5b66\u6bdb\u9009”\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5973\u513f\u8bf4“\u5e94\u8be5\u597d\u597d\u5b66\u4e60\u5218\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8457\u4f5c”\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u59d4\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e8c\u5e74\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63a5\u89c1\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e52\u4e53\u7403\u961f\uff0c\u5e76\u89c2\u770b\u7403\u5458\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u7ad9\u5728\u95e8\u53e3\u770b\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5c31\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u56db\u5e74\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63a5\u89c1\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u6ca1\u9732\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u56db\u5e74\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fc7\u751f\u65e5\u4e3e\u529e\u5bb6\u5bb4\uff0c\u5f00\u4e86\u4e09\u684c\u3002\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u548c\u5f6d\u771f\u63a5\u53d7\u9080\u8bf7\u5e76\u4e0e\u6bdb\u540c\u684c\u3002\u8d3a\u9f99\u5374\u79f0\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0d\u597d\u63a8\u8131\uff0c\u4f46\u5ed6\u6c49\u751f\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u519b\u533a\u653f\u59d4\u3001\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u7684\u5916\u7525\u5973\u5a7f[43]\uff09\u5374\u5728\u4ed6\u5bb6\u8c08\u4e86\u534a\u5929\uff0c\u8fd8\u6253\u4e86\u6251\u514b\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u516d\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u4e52\u4e53\u7403\u9080\u8bf7\u8d5b\u95ed\u5e55\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e50\u961f\u594f“\u4e1c\u65b9\u7ea2”\u65f6\uff0c\u5168\u573a\u8d77\u7acb\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u5374\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d77\u8eab\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u592b\u4eba\u859b\u660e\u5728\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ece\u7535\u89c6\u91cc\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7981\u4e0d\u4f4f\u558a\u51fa\u58f0\uff1a“\u7cdf\u4e86\u3002”[44]<\/span><\/p>

\u8d3a\u9f99\u548c\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5173\u7cfb\u751a\u597d\u3002\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u519b\u59d4\u673a\u5173\u4f1a\u8bae\u8ba4\u5b9a“\u8427\u5411\u8363\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u662f\u7f57\u745e\u537f”\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u53eb\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u4e0d\u8981\u80e1\u4e71\u731c\u7591\u3002\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8bf4\u7f57\u745e\u537f“\u662f\u91ce\u5fc3\u5bb6”\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u519b\u59d4\u673a\u5173\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u544a\u8bc9\u8d3a\u9f99\uff1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b80\u62a5\u5c06\u8981\u5199\u4e0a\u8427\u5411\u8363\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u662f\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u3002\u8d3a\u9f99\u575a\u6301\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c5\u4fdd\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53cd\u515a\u3002”[45]<\/span><\/p>

\u56db\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u63a5\u5230\u53bb\u4e0a\u6d77\u5f00\u4f1a\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ed6\u624d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7adf\u7136\u662f“\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002”\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u3001\u738b\u5149\u7f8e\u592b\u5987\u9020\u8bbf\u8d3a\u9f99\u4f4f\u5904\u3002\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u95ee\u8d3a\u9f99\uff1a“\u4e8b\u60c5\u771f\u6709\u4e9b\u7a81\u7136\u3002\u8d3a\u8001\u603b\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u7ba1\u519b\u59d4\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4f60\u4e8b\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u5417\uff1f”\u8d3a\u9f99\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u521a\u77e5\u9053\u3002”\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u4e5f\u8bf4\u4e8b\u5148\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u6c89\u9ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u54b1\u4eec\u5927\u5bb6\u4e8b\u5148\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u55bd\uff01”[46]<\/span><\/p>

\u8d3a\u9f99\u662f\u4e3b\u6301\u519b\u59d4\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u519b\u59d4\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u3001\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u88ab\u6253\u5012\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u8499\u5728\u9f13\u91cc\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u624d\u611f\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7275\u8fde\u5230\u4ed6\u3002\u5371\u9669\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u4ed6\u903c\u8fd1\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u4e0a\u6d77\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u53ec\u5f00\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u3002\u4f1a\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e0d\u518d\u8ba9\u8d3a\u9f99\u4e3b\u6301\u519b\u59d4\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[47]\u8d3a\u9f99\u88ab\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u4e0a\u6d77\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u4e0e\u8463\u5fc5\u6b66\u7b49\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u4f11\u606f\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5230\u56db\u5ddd\u5c71\u6c9f\u6c9f\u91cc\u53bb\u89c6\u5bdf\u6500\u679d\u82b1\u94a2\u94c1\u5382\u3001\u6b63\u5728\u65bd\u5de5\u7684\u94c1\u8def\u96a7\u9053\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4ee5“\u4e0b\u53bb\u89c6\u5bdf”\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u628a\u8d3a\u9f99\u8d76\u8d70\u3002\u8ba9\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4e3b\u6301\u89e3\u51b3\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u8d3a\u9f99\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u7b49\u8d3a\u9f99\u89c6\u5bdf\u5b8c\u6bd5\u56de\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u56db\u6708\u4e5d\u65e5\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u5929\u524d\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5c31\u8df3\u697c\u4e86\u3002[48]<\/span><\/p>

\u8d3a\u9f99\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u519b\u59d4\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u6b64\u5411\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9760\u62e2\u3001\u8868\u5fe0\u5fc3\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e00\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u53ca\u4f1a\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u548c\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u8fde\u7eed\u5f00\u4f1a\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u3001\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u8c03\u5b50\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8d3a\u9f99\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u95ee\u4ed6\uff1a“\u4f60\u53d1\u8a00\u4e86\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f”\u4ed6\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u8a00\u3002”\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53c8\u95ee\uff1a“\u600e\u4e48\u4e0d\u8bb2\u4e00\u8bb2\uff1f”\u8d3a\u9f99\u628a\u8eab\u4f53\u4e00\u633a\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u62a5\u544a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e86\u7eb2\u5662\uff01”[49]<\/span><\/p>

\u8d77\u5148\uff0c\u6bdb\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8d3a\u9f99“\u4e00\u6279\u4e8c\u4fdd”\u3002[50]\u4f46\u90a3\u4e2a“\u4fdd”\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6e21\u3002\u4e5d\u6708\u516d\u65e5\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u4e3b\u6301\u519b\u59d4\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u77e5\u8d3a\u9f99\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u6797\u5f6a\u5ba3\u5e03\u53d7\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u59d4\u6258\uff0c\u5c31\u8d3a\u9f99\u95ee\u9898\u6b63\u5f0f“\u6253\u62db\u547c”\uff0c\u8bf4\u8d3a\u9f99\u6709\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u519b\u59d4\u5404\u603b\u90e8\u3001\u5404\u519b\u5175\u79cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u5927\u519b\u533a\u90fd\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u5728\u4e71\u4e2d\u593a\u6743\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u603b\u540e\u53f0\u662f\u8d3a\u9f99\u3002\u4e0e\u4f1a\u7684\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u3001\u9648\u6bc5\u3001\u5218\u4f2f\u627f\u3001\u5f90\u5411\u524d\u3001\u8042\u8363\u81fb\u4e94\u4f4d\u5143\u5e05\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8868\u6001\uff0c\u62e5\u62a4\u6bdb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u6797\u5f6a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3002[51]<\/span><\/p>

\u636e\u540e\u6765\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff1a\u6797\u5f6a\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u519b\u59d4\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684“\u6253\u62db\u547c”\uff0c\u8868\u793a“\u8d3a\u9f99\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u5df2\u7ecf\u70b9\u4e86\u540d\u7684\u574f\u4eba\u3002”[52]\u4e5d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\u5bf9\u9996\u90fd\u5927\u4e13\u5b66\u6821\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u8c08\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u5468\u5373\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u4e03\u5e74\u5357\u660c\u8d77\u4e49\uff09\u6211\u548c\u6731\u5fb7\u540c\u5fd7\u3001\u6797\u5f6a\u540c\u5fd7\u3001\u9648\u6bc5\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002”\u4ed6\u6709\u610f\u62b9\u53bb\u5357\u660c\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u519b\u4e8b\u6307\u6325\u8005\u8d3a\u9f99\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u957f\u7684\u6797\u5f6a\u3002[53]<\/span><\/p>

\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u4e5f\u62d2\u7edd\u6295\u9760\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u88ab\u6307\u4e3a“\u53db\u5f92”\u3001“\u8d70\u8d44\u6d3e”\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u628a\u7a3f\u5b50\u7ed9\u8d3a\u9f99\u770b\u3002\u8d3a\u9f99\u770b\u5230\u68c0\u67e5\u7a3f\u63d0\u5230\u8981“\u70ae\u6253\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8”\uff0c\u5c31\u95ee\u4ed6\uff1a“\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u63d0\u70ae\u6253\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\uff1f\u96be\u9053\u4f60\u627f\u8ba4\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u5417\uff1f”\u8d3a\u9f99\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u3001\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73“\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8”\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u6307\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f“\u8d70\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5f53\u6743\u6d3e”\u3002[54]<\/span><\/p>

\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e03\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63a5\u89c1\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u65f6\u5c31\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u519b\u961f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u50cf\u8d3a\u9f99\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u662f\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u3002”[55]\u6240\u4ee5\u6c6a\u4e1c\u5174\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4e13\u6848\u7ec4\u5199\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u3001\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u529e\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u4f53\u80b2\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u662f“\u4e00\u652f\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5730\u4e0b\u519b\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u65f6\u673a\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5373\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u653f\u53d8\u7684\u6025\u5148\u950b\u3002”[56]<\/span><\/p>

\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e94\u5e74\u8c03\u4efb\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7edf\u6218\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u539f\u897f\u85cf\u519b\u533a\u7b2c\u4e00\u653f\u59d4\u5f20\u7ecf\u6b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u5728\u8d3a\u9f99\u624b\u4e0b\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u4e0e\u592b\u4eba\u6768\u5c97\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u6293\u8fdb\u79e6\u57ce\u76d1\u72f1\u3002\u6768\u5c97\u88ab\u6597\u5f97\u795e\u7ecf\u5931\u5e38\uff0c\u4e13\u6848\u7ec4\u903c\u8feb\u5979\u5199\u6750\u6599\u63ed\u53d1\u5f20\u7ecf\u6b66\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8d3a\u9f99\u7684“\u4e8c\u6708\u5175\u53d8”\uff0c\u5175\u53d8\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u5f53\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u5f20\u7ecf\u6b66\u5f53\u603b\u7406\u3002\u5f20\u7ecf\u6b66\u7edd\u98df\u6297\u8bae\u4e03\u5929\u800c\u6b7b\u3002[57]<\/span><\/p>

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\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u516d\u5e74\u6240\u8c13“\u7ea2\u516b\u6708”\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5171\u5e72\u90e8\u5b50\u5f1f\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u5bf9“\u725b\u9b3c\u86c7\u795e”\u5927\u4e3e\u6284\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ec5\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u88ab\u6284\u7684\u5c31\u591a\u8fbe\u5341\u4e00\u4e07\u56db\u5343\u591a\u6237\u3002[74]\u4ece\u5317\u4eac\u53d1\u6e90\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u8fbe\u4e8e\u5168\u56fd\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u57ce\u9547\u4e61\u6751\u88ab\u6284\u5bb6\u7684\u603b\u6570\u5f53\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e00\u5343\u4e07\u6237\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6284\u5bb6\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u62f7\u6253\u8fdb\u800c\u6740\u622e\u4ee5“\u4e94\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50”\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u725b\u9b3c\u86c7\u795e\u3002\u4ec5\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u5c31\u88ab\u6253\u6b7b\u4e86\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u5343\u4e03\u767e\u591a\u4eba\u3002[75]<\/span><\/p>

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<\/p>

“\u63ea\u519b\u5185\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae”<\/strong><\/p>

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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u519b\u59d4\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u3002\u6768\u52c7\u5230\u4f1a\u573a\u540e\uff0c\u8427\u534e\u8fd8\u672a\u5230\u3002\u6c5f\u9752\u95ee\uff1a“\u603b\u653f\u6cbb\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u600e\u4e48\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\uff1f\u4ed6\u8eb2\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f”\u8427\u534e\u8fdb\u4f1a\u573a\u540e\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e86\u591c\u91cc\u5bb6\u88ab\u6284\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5f90\u5411\u524d\u62cd\u4e86\u684c\u5b50\uff0c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4e5f\u63a5\u7740\u62cd\u4e86\u684c\u5b50\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u5728\u6628\u5929\u534a\u591c\u8dd1\u5230\u6211\u90a3\u91cc\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u628a\u4ed6\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7a9d\u85cf\u4e4b\u7f6a\uff0c\u6211\u6765\u627f\u62c5\uff01”[80]\u8fd9\u4e00\u62cd\uff0c\u62cd\u65ad\u4e86\u624b\u638c\u9aa8\u8fdc\u7aef\u9aa8\u6298\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6768\u52c7\u5374\u88ab\u6307\u63a7“\u5e72\u6270\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4f1f\u5927\u6218\u7565\u90e8\u7f72”\uff0c\u6253\u5012\u4e86\u3002\u4e8c\u6708\u4e09\u65e5\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4f1a\u89c1\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6253\u5012\u8427\u534e\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u519b\u533a\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u51e0\u5929\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u4e86\u3002”[81]\u8881\u5b50\u94a6\u66f4\u51a4\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u683d\u5012\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u5b8c\u5168\u77e5\u9053\u6768\u52c7\u3001\u8881\u5b50\u94a6\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u51fa\u5c14\u53cd\u5c14\u5012\u7684\u9709\u3002\u8981\u662f\u53f6\u5251\u82f1“\u53cd\u5bf9\u6c5f\u9752\u4e00\u4f19\u641e\u4e71\u519b\u961f”\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u8fa9\u8bec\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u8042\u8363\u81fb\u3001\u5f90\u5411\u524d\u4ee5“\u5e72\u6270\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4f1f\u5927\u6218\u7565\u90e8\u7f72”\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u5317\u4eac\u519b\u533a\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u90d1\u7ef4\u5c71\u902e\u6355\u4e86\u53f8\u4ee4\u6768\u52c7\u3002[82]<\/span><\/p>

\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53c8\u8981\u6253\u5012\u8427\u534e\u4e86[83]\uff0c\u8fd9\u56de\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u5c31\u4e0d\u542d\u58f0\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u516b\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u660e\u902e\u6355\u6768\u52c7\u662f\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u7b49\u4eba\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u793a\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u53ec\u5f00“\u4e5d\u5927”\u65f6\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5374\u53c8\u6545\u610f\u8bf4\uff1a“\uff08\u902e\u6355\u6768\u52c7\uff09\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1f\u81f3\u4eca\u6211\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002”\u6c5f\u9752\u63d2\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a“\u51e0\u4e2a\u8001\u5e05\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53eb\u90d1\u7ef4\u5c71\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002”\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63a5\u7740\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4ed6\u4eec\u5012\u6253\u4e00\u8019\uff0c\u5ac1\u7978\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u54ea\u91cc\u80fd\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6293\u4eba\u5462\uff1f”[84]<\/span><\/p>

\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u4e00\u5e74\u6797\u5f6a\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b3c\u7edc\u519b\u5fc3\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a“\u6768\u52c7\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff1f”\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u88c5\u7cca\u6d82\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002”\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4fbf\u683d\u5230\u6b7b\u4eba\u5934\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bf4“\u6768\u52c7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u6797\u5f6a\u652f\u6301\u641e\u7684\u3002”[85]<\/span><\/p>

\u4e8c\u6708“\u9547\u53cd”<\/strong><\/p>

\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e03\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e2a\u6279\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u610f\u662f\u7edd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53f3\u6d3e\u7fa4\u4f17\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51b2\u51fb\u90e8\u961f……\u90e8\u961f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u67aa\u81ea\u536b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u9650\u9547\u538b\u5e26\u5934\u95f9\u4e8b\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u9aa8\u5e72\u3002[86]\u6797\u5f6a\u5c06\u6bdb\u7684\u6279\u793a\u8f6c\u7ed9\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u3002\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u7acb\u5373\u901a\u77e5\u5404\u5927\u519b\u533a\u6d3e\u4eba\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u53c8\u5f88\u795e\u79d8\u5730\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\uff0c\u7528\u8111\u5b50\u8bb0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u6284\u5f55\u3002[87]\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u8fd8\u5c06\u6bdb\u7684\u6307\u793a\u5e26\u5230\u5168\u519b\u5404\u603b\u90e8\u548c\u5404\u519b\u533a\u9996\u957f\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5ba3\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5168\u519b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u9547\u538b“\u53f3\u6d3e”\u3001\u6293\u6355\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u4e03\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u7ed9\u6210\u90fd\u5de5\u4eba\u9769\u547d\u9020\u53cd\u5175\u56e2\u3001\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66“\u516b·\u4e8c\u516d\u6218\u6597\u56e2”\u53d1\u4e86\u4e2a\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1[88]\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u52ff\u628a\u6597\u4e89\u950b\u8292\u6307\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u3002\u636e\u5468\u6069\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u90fd\u519b\u533a\u653f\u59d4\u7518\u6e2d\u6c49\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u9547\u538b\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u4f20\u5355\uff0c“\uff08\u53e3\u6c14\uff09\u8fd8\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a‘\u5982\u4e0d\u7acb\u5373\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u540e\u679c\u7531\u4f60\u4eec\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002’\u7528\u98de\u673a\u5927\u91cf\u6563\u53d1\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u6293\u4eba\uff0c\u6293\u4e86\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bf4\u5c11\u3002……\u9ec4\u65b0\u5ef7\u548c\u674e\u4e95\u6cc9\u52fe\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9547\u53cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4e07\u53bf\u5c31\u5f00\u4e86\u67aa\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6253\u6b7b\u4e00\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8b\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u3002”[89]<\/span><\/p>

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6765\u6240\u8bf4\u7684“\u4e8c\u6708\u9547\u53cd”\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u652f\u6301\u9752\u6d77“\u4e8c·\u4e8c\u4e09”\u5927\u5c60\u6740<\/strong><\/p>

\u5c31\u5728\u4e8c\u6708“\u9547\u53cd”\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9752\u6d77\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5c60\u6740\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u519b\u533a\u7684\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u5458\u8d75\u6c38\u592b\u5ba3\u5e03\u5bf9\u300a\u9752\u6d77\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u793e\u5b9e\u884c\u519b\u7ba1\u3002\u4f46\u52a8\u5458\u5b88\u536b\u62a5\u793e\u3002\u8d75\u6c38\u592b\u7f16\u9020“\u516b‧\u4e00\u516b”\u5f00\u67aa\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u6b66\u88c5\u8fdb\u653b\u5360\u636e\u300a\u9752\u6d77\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u793e\u7684“\u516b·\u4e00\u516b\u7ea2\u536b\u6218\u6597\u961f”\uff0c\u6253\u6b7b\u5e73\u6c11\u4e00\u767e\u516d\u5341\u4e5d\u4eba\uff0c\u6253\u4f24\u4e00\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u516b\u4eba\u3002[90]\u519b\u961f\u672a\u9047\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5c31\u8f7b\u6613\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u62a5\u793e\u5927\u9662\u3002\u8d75\u6c38\u592b\u8fd8\u8c03\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u55b7\u706b\u5668\u73ed\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e“\u516b‧\u4e00\u516b”\u6ca1\u6709\u6b66\u88c5\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u8fd8\u51fb\uff0c\u55b7\u706b\u5668\u672a\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u62a5\u793e\u5185\u4e00\u5343\u4f59\u4eba\u90fd\u5c06\u96be\u4e8e\u5e78\u514d\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u8d75\u6c38\u592b\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8bdd\u5411\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u5143\u5e05\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8bf4\u5360\u636e\u62a5\u793e\u7684\u4eba\u5f00\u67aa\u5bfb\u8845\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u53cd\u51fb\uff0c\u80dc\u5229\u5730\u5e73\u5b9a\u4e86“\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u66b4\u4e71”\u3002\u53f6\u79f0\u8d5e\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4f60\u4eec\u6253\u5f97\u5bf9\uff0c\u6253\u5f97\u597d\u3002”[91]<\/span><\/p>

\u6709\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u7684\u6491\u8170\uff0c\u8d75\u7684\u80c6\u5b50\u4e5f\u58ee\u4e86\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u53c8\u6b66\u88c5\u9547\u538b\u9752\u6d77\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5e08\u751f\uff0c\u6253\u6b7b\u6253\u4f24\u5341\u4e8c\u4eba\u3002[92]<\/span><\/p>

\u8d75\u6c38\u592b\u7ee7\u7eed“\u5e73\u5b9a\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u66b4\u4e71”\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7701\u8303\u56f4\u9547\u538b\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u3002\u5168\u7701“\u4ec5\u902e\u6355\u3001\u62d8\u7559\u3001\u770b\u7ba1\u548c\u8f6f\u7981\u7684\u5373\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e07\u3007\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u4e03\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u902e\u6355\u56db\u5343\u4e00\u767e\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u62d8\u7559\u4e8c\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u4eba\uff0c\u770b\u7ba1\u548c\u8f6f\u7981\u4e09\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u3007\u56db\u4eba\u3002”[93]<\/span><\/p>

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6562\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u519b\u961f\u9547\u538b\u624b\u65e0\u5bf8\u94c1\u7684\u8001\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5df2\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u6307\u793a\uff1a“\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8086\u610f\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u53cd\u5bf9\u548c\u51b2\u51fb\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u7fa4\u4f17\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u518d\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5fcd\u8ba9\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u594f\u6548\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u9547\u538b\u3002”\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u5bf9\u8d75\u6c38\u592b\u5904\u7406\u9752\u6d77\u4e8b\u4ef6“\u6301\u80af\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6”\u3002[94]<\/span><\/p>

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u628a\u8d75\u6c38\u592b\u53ec\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u3002\u5b89\u6392\u4ed6\u5728“\u519b\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae”\uff08\u540e\u6765\u53eb“\u519b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e72\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae”\uff09\u4e0a\u6570\u6b21\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55“\u53cd\u51fb\u51b2\u51fb\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u7ec4\u7ec7”\uff0c\u5439\u5618\u5176“\u5e73\u5b9a\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u66b4\u4e71”\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002[95]\u540e\u6765\u5468\u6069\u6765\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a“\u8d75\u6c38\u592b……\u9547\u538b\u7fa4\u4f17……\u6253\u6b7b\u4e09\u767e\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u8fd8\u6253\u7535\u62a5\u795d\u8d3a\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6253\u4e86\u80dc\u4ed7\u3002……\u4e8c\u6708\u5f00\u519b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e72\u90e8\u4f1a\uff0c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u8fd8\u628a\u8d75\u6c38\u592b\u627e\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002”[96]<\/span><\/p>

\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u610f\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u51b3\u5b9a\u6253\u51fb\u519b\u5185\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u8d70\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5f53\u6743\u6d3e\u3002\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u548c\u5f90\u5411\u524d\u4e3a\u4fdd\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5411\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5199\u68c0\u8ba8\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u5bf9\u9752\u6d77\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u9519\u4e86\u3002[97]<\/span><\/p>

\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u9752\u6d77\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u52a0\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u7f6e\u53ef\u5426\u7684\u6797\u5f6a\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u8868\u6001\u3002\u6797\u5f6a\u8fce\u5408\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\uff0c\u5728\u4e09\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u65e5\u7684\u519b\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa“\u5e26\u67aa\u7684\u5218\u3001\u9093\u8def\u7ebf\u6bd4\u4e0d\u5e26\u67aa\u7684\u5218\u3001\u9093\u8def\u7ebf\u66f4\u5371\u9669\u3002”\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u542c\u4e86\u6797\u5f6a\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7684\u5f55\u97f3\u540e\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u628a\u8be5\u5f55\u97f3\u5927\u91cf\u5f55\u5236\uff0c\u53d1\u7ed9\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u64ad\u653e\u3002[98]<\/span><\/p>

\u4e09\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u65e5\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u51fa\u9762\u5904\u7406\u9752\u6d77\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4ed6\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5173\u4e8e\u9752\u6d77\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u5f53\u573a\u5ba3\u5e03\u5bf9\u8d75\u6c38\u592b“\u9694\u79bb\u53d7\u5ba1”\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u51fa\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u67aa\u6bd9\u8d75\u6c38\u592b\u3002[99]<\/span><\/p>

\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u8ba9\u8d75\u6c38\u592b\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u519b\u533a\u7684\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u5230\u5168\u519b\u519b\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e72\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd“\u9547\u538b\u53cd\u9769\u547d”\u3001\u6293\u6355\u9020\u53cd\u6d3e\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u540e\u679c\u3002“\u9547\u538b\u53cd\u9769\u547d”\u902e\u6355\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u5e94\u8d1f\u9996\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>

“\u4e8c\u6708\u9006\u6d41”<\/strong><\/p>

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9“\u4e8c\u6708\u9006\u6d41”\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a“\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e03\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u8c2d\u9707\u6797\u3001\u9648\u6bc5\u3001\u53f6\u5251\u82f1……\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u548c\u519b\u59d4\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5bf9‘\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d’\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u505a\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u8bec\u4e3a‘\u4e8c\u6708\u9006\u6d41’\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u538b\u5236\u548c\u6253\u51fb\u3002”[100]<\/span><\/p>

\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6240\u8c13“\u4e8c\u6708\u9006\u6d41”“\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6279\u8bc4”\uff0c\u88ab\u5938\u5927\u3001\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13“\u9006\u6d41”\uff0c\u5bfc\u56e0\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u9676\u94f8\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u51fa\u5c14\u53cd\u5c14\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u6279\u5224\u9676\u94f8\uff0c\u6307\u9676\u94f8\u662f“\u6ca1\u6709\u5218\u9093\u7684\u5218\u9093\u8def\u7ebf”\u3002\u4f46\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53ec\u96c6\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u6c5f\u9752\u968f\u4fbf\u6279\u5224\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6563\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u62db\u547c\u9676\u94f8\u7559\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6c5f\u9752\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f88\u72ed\u9698\uff0c\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5f97\u4eba\u3002\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4ecb\u610f\u3002”\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u53c8\u8c08\u8d77\u8981\u9676\u5230\u5916\u5730\u53bb\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u4ed6\u62df\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u4eba\u5404\u7701\u5e02\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u8981\u9676\u94f8\u53bb“\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fdd\u4e0b\u6765”\u3002[101]<\/span><\/p>

\u9676\u94f8\u5c06\u6bdb\u7684\u8bdd\u544a\u8bc9\u5468\u6069\u6765\uff0c\u5468\u5938\u5956\u9676\u6551\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u6761\u4eba\u547d\u3002\u4f46\u6797\u5f6a\u5374\u770b\u900f\u4e86\u6bdb\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u9676\u94f8\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5f53\u5929\u4ed6\u5c06\u9676\u94f8\u53ec\u5230\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u6cfc\u4e86\u4e00\u76c6\u51c9\u6c34\uff1a“\u4f60\u5440\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u88ab\u52a8\u3002”\u89c1\u9676\u94f8\u4e0d\u89e3\uff0c\u6797\u53c8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\uff1a“\u8981\u88ab\u52a8\u88ab\u52a8\u518d\u88ab\u52a8\u3002”[102]<\/span><\/p>

\u679c\u7136\u4e0d\u51fa\u6797\u5f6a\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u51e0\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u6253\u5012\u9676\u94f8\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u6708\u56db\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u7531\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u3001\u6c5f\u9752\u3001\u5eb7\u751f\u7b49\u51fa\u9762\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u9676\u94f8“\u662f\u5218\u3001\u9093\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u5fe0\u5b9e\u6267\u884c\u8005”\u3002[103]<\/span><\/p>

\u5f53\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5357\u6d77\u897f\u95e8\u7684\u9ad8\u97f3\u5587\u53ed\u54cd\u8d77“\u6253\u5012\u9676\u94f8”\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u9676\u94f8\u592b\u4eba\u66fe\u5fd7\u89c1\u5230“\u6253\u5012\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4fdd\u7687\u6d3e\u9676\u94f8”\u7684\u4f20\u5355\uff0c\u5230\u526f\u603b\u7406\u9648\u6bc5\u5bb6\u53bb\u8be2\u95ee\u3002\u9648\u6bc5\u4e5f\u5f88\u7eb3\u95f7\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u524d\u51e0\u5929\u4e3b\u5e2d\u8fd8\u4fdd\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4e3b\u5e2d\u53c8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e3b\u610f\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u786e\u5b9e\u53c8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u4e00\u6708\u516b\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ec\u96c6\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u6210\u5458\u5f00\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u9676\u94f8\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u9676\u94f8\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u8d77\u521d\u5c31\u8bf4\u9676\u94f8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u8001\u5b9e\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8bf4‘\u9676\u94f8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5’\u3002\u9676\u94f8\u5728\u5341\u4e00\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u524d\u575a\u51b3\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5218\u3001\u9093\u8def\u7ebf\u3002”[104]“\u9676\u94f8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002”[105]<\/span><\/p>

\u4e8e\u662f“\u6253\u5012\u5218\u3001\u9093”\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86“\u6253\u5012\u5218\u3001\u9093\u3001\u9676”\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e8c\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u6253\u5012\u9676\u94f8\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u518d\u6b21\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u65e5\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53ec\u5f00\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u88ab“\u6269\u5927”\u7684\u53c8\u6709\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5927\u9a82\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u3001\u6c5f\u9752\uff1a“\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u59d4\u6253\u5012\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u59d4\u3002”“\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e13\u95e8\u5728\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u548c\u6211\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u673a……”“\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c5f\u9752\uff0c\u773c\u9ad8\u624b\u4f4e\uff0c\u5fd7\u5927\u624d\u758f\uff0c\u4f60\u773c\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u6253\u5012\u9676\u94f8\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e72\u7684……”[106]<\/span><\/p>

\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fd8\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u5e38\u59d4\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee5\u540e\u589e\u52a0\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u3001\u5f90\u5411\u524d\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u672c\u6765\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e4b\u8bad\u65a5\u9648\u3001\u6c5f\u4e8c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4ed6\u60ef\u7528\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u629b\u5f03\u6587\u9769\u6d3e\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e48\u7a81\u7136\u4e00\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u7b49\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bdb\u8981\u4ee5\u6253\u5012\u9676\u94f8\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u6e05\u7b97\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e86\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5728\u6b21\u65e5\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u7684\u78b0\u5934\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6491\u8170\u7684\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u8bad\u65a5\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4f60\u4eec\u628a\u515a\u641e\u4e71\u4e86\uff0c\u628a\u653f\u5e9c\u641e\u4e71\u4e86\uff0c\u628a\u5de5\u5382\u519c\u6751\u641e\u4e71\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd8\u5acc\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u628a\u519b\u961f\u641e\u4e71\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u641e\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u60f3\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f”[107]<\/span><\/p>

\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u56db\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u5f00\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u6279\u8bc4\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u548c\u6c5f\u9752\u3002\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u7279\u522b\u4f20\u8fbe\u6bdb\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5bf9\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u662f\u54c1\u8d28\u548c\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u5bf9\u6c5f\u9752\u53ea\u662f\u4f5c\u98ce\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c0f\u8282\u95ee\u9898\u3002”[108]<\/span><\/p>

\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u771f\u7684\u8f6c\u4e86\u5411\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7ec4\u957f\u505a\u5230\u5934\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u547d\u884c\u5c06\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5f88\u51a4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6253\u5012\u9676\u94f8\u7684\u4f1a\u662f\u6c5f\u9752\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u88ab\u6c5f\u9752\u6d3e\u4eba\u4ece\u88ab\u7a9d\u91cc\u53eb\u53bb\u53d1\u8868\u6253\u5012\u9676\u94f8\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u7684\u738b\u529b\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c5f\u9752\u903c\u5f97\u4ed6\u6d3b\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u65e9\u5c31\u60f3\u81ea\u6740\u4e86\u3002[109]<\/span><\/p>

\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c14\u5019\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u516d\u65e5\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u8001\u5e72\u90e8“\u5927\u95f9\u6000\u4ec1\u5802”\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u5728\u6000\u4ec1\u5802\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u6c5f\u9752\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u7070\u6e9c\u6e9c\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u6562\u5750\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eb2\u5230\u4e86\u540e\u8fb9\u684c\u5b50\u89d2\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd8\u662f\u5468\u6069\u6765\u53eb\u4ed6\u5750\u56de\u5230\u4ed6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u3002[110]\u636e\u5f90\u5411\u524d\u56de\u5fc6\uff1a“\u5eb7\u751f\u3001\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u3001\u8c22\u5bcc\u6cbb\u7b49\u4eba\u5750\u5728‘\u88ab\u544a’\u5e2d\u4e0a\uff0c\u72fc\u72c8\u4e0d\u582a\u3002”[111]<\/span><\/p>

\u5f62\u52bf\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\u4eec\u5f88\u6709\u5229\u3002\u8c2d\u9707\u6797\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u96be\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u88ab\u6574\uff0c\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u843d\u5f97\u5bb6\u7834\u4eba\u4ea1\uff0c\u59bb\u79bb\u5b50\u6563\u3002”“\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u662f\u515a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6597\u4e89\u6700\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u3002”\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u70b9\u540d\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6c5f\u9752\u628a\u6211\u6574\u6210\u53cd\u9769\u547d……”[112]\u9648\u6bc5\u8bf4\uff1a“\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u9009\u6211\u5f53\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u8981\u4e3a\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002”\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\u662f\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u8d22\u5bcc……\u54ea\u6709\u968f\u4fbf\u6253\u5012\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff1f\u7167\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u8eab\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f”\u8fde\u7ea7\u522b\u804c\u52a1\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4e\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u4f59\u79cb\u91cc\u4e5f\u62cd\u7740\u684c\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u884c\uff1f”[113]<\/span><\/p>

\u9648\u6bc5\u8fd8\u628a\u6587\u5316\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e8c\u5e74\u5ef6\u5b89\u6574\u98ce\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a“\u5ef6\u5b89\u6574\u98ce\u641e\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5218\u5c11\u5947\uff08\u610f\u6307\u62ac\u51fa\u4e86\u5218\u5c11\u5947――\u4e01\u6ce8\uff09\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u4e86\uff1f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u641e\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\uff0c\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u4e86\uff1f”[114]“\u5728\u5ef6\u5b89\uff0c\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u3001\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u3001\u5f6d\u771f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8584\u4e00\u6ce2\u3001\u5218\u6f9c\u6d9b\u3001\u5b89\u5b50\u6587\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u62e5\u62a4\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u6700\u8d77\u52b2\uff01……\uff08\u5ef6\u5b89\u6574\u98ce\uff09\u6328\u6574\u7684\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u3002\u603b\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u6328\u6574\u7684\u5417\uff1f”[115]<\/span><\/p>

\u9648\u6bc5\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u516d\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5168\u662f\u5ef6\u5b89\u6574\u98ce\u65f6\u56e0\u575a\u51b3\u62e5\u62a4\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5f97\u5230\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5218\u5c11\u5947\uff0c\u6bdb\u84c4\u610f\u628a\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u5468\u6069\u6765\u4e4b\u4e0a\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53f7\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6587\u9769\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u516d\u4e2a\u4eba\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u3002\u5468\u6069\u6765\u4e00\u542c\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u9648\u6bc5\u72af\u4e86\u5927\u5fcc\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u6253\u65ad\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\uff08\u5ef6\u5b89\u6574\u98ce\u65f6\uff09\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u68c0\u8ba8\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u6574\u5f97\u5bf9\u7684\u561b\u3002”[116]<\/span><\/p>

\u4f46\u662f\u9648\u6bc5\u7684\u8bdd\u5df2\u65e0\u6cd5\u6536\u56de\u3002\u51e0\u5929\u524d\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u65a5\u9a82\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u3001\u6c5f\u9752\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u88c5\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u86c7\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u6d1e\u3002\u5341\u516b\u65e5\uff0c\u6bdb\u53ec\u96c6\u7d27\u6025\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u53eb\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u663e\u7136\u628a\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4e0e\u9648\u6bc5\u3001\u8c2d\u9707\u6797\u3001\u5f90\u5411\u524d\u5206\u5f00\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u5176\u5b9e\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bad\u8bdd\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u5c0f\u7ec4\u662f\u5fe0\u5b9e\u6267\u884c\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e00\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u53ea\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\uff0c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u4e03\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002”“\u8c01\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u8c01\u3002”[117]“\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u5426\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u529e\u4e0d\u5230\uff01\u53f6\u7fa4\u540c\u5fd7\u4f60\u544a\u8bc9\u6797\u5f6a[118]\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7a33\u554a\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8981\u593a\u4ed6\u7684\u6743\u5462\u3002\u8ba9\u4ed6\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u5c31\u64a4\u51fa\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u518d\u4e0a\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u6253\u6e38\u51fb\u3002”[119]<\/span><\/p>

“\u4f60\u4eec\u8bf4\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u3001\u6c5f\u9752\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8ba9\u4f60\u9648\u6bc5\u6765\u5f53\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u7ec4\u957f\u5427\uff01\u628a\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u3001\u6c5f\u9752\u902e\u6355\u3001\u67aa\u6bd9\uff0c\u8ba9\u5eb7\u751f\u53bb\u5145\u519b\uff01\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0b\u53f0\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u628a\u738b\u660e\u8bf7\u56de\u6765\u5f53\u4e3b\u5e2d\u561b\u3002”[120]“\u4f60\u4eec\u628a\u738b\u660e\u627e\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u628a\u5f20\u56fd\u7118\u627e\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u628a\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u627e\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u4eec\u53bb\u641e\u3002”[121]“\u529b\u91cf\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u8bf7\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u4e00\u5757\u6765\uff01”[122]<\/span><\/p>

\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8bb2\u5b8c\u8bdd\u5373\u9000\u573a\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u5468\u6069\u6765\u4e3b\u6301\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u8d2f\u5f7b\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u8c2d\u9707\u6797\u3001\u9648\u6bc5\u3001\u5f90\u5411\u524d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65a5\u9a82\u4e86\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u3001\u6c5f\u9752\uff0c\u773c\u770b\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u5feb\u5012\u53f0\u65f6\u624d“\u5927\u95f9\u6000\u4ec1\u5802”\u7684\u3002\u5e94\u5f53\u8bf4\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48“\u4e8c\u6708\u9006\u6d41”\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6240\u8c13“\u4e8c\u6708\u6297\u4e89”\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u82e5\u8bf4\u6709“\u4e8c\u6708\u6297\u4e89”\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u5373\u5c06\u5012\u53f0\u7684\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe“\u6297\u4e89”\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\u8c2d\u9707\u6797\u3001\u9648\u6bc5\u3001\u5f90\u5411\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u573a\u7684\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4e00\u53e5\u6297\u4e89\u7684\u8bdd\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6bdb\u8981\u6253\u5012\u5218\u3001\u9093\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4e3e\u4e86\u624b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd“\u5fc3\u975e”\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u6562“\u5df7\u8bae”\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e00\u7ffb\u8138\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7acb\u5373\u68c0\u8ba8\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u518d“\u9006”\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d“\u6297”\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u7531\u4e8e\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u5728\u6240\u8c13“\u9006\u6d41”\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8868\u73b0\u800c\u88ab\u6bdb\u5bb9\u5fcd\u3002\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u8fd8\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u5171“\u4e5d\u5927”\u4e0a\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\uff0c\u800c\u9648\u6bc5\u5219\u88ab\u8d76\u51fa\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u4e00\u5e74\u6797\u5f6a\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4e3b\u6301\u519b\u59d4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u5927\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u515a\u7684\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u5728\u6587\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e00\u8d2f\u7d27\u8ddf\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u6709\u4e1d\u6beb\u7684\u4e0d\u656c\u3001\u4e0d\u4ece\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u5176\u5fe0\u8bda\u4ecd\u6709\u7591\u95ee\u3002\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u94b3\u5236\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u548c\u590d\u51fa\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u56db\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u519b\u59d4\u4e94\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e2d\u653e\u8fdb\u4e86\u738b\u6d2a\u6587\u3001\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u548c\u9648\u9521\u8054\uff1b\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u4e94\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\uff0c\u8ba9\u738b\u6d2a\u6587\u3001\u5f20\u6625\u6865\u62c5\u4efb\u519b\u59d4\u5e38\u59d4\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u516d\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u6ca1\u75c5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a“\u5728\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u540c\u5fd7\u751f\u75c5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7531\u9648\u9521\u8054\u540c\u5fd7\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e3b\u6301\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002”\u56db\u6708“\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6”\u540e\uff0c\u6bdb\u5e72\u8106\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u53c2\u52a0\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c40\u9762\u5df2\u4e0d\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u638c\u63a7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fde\u9648\u9521\u8054\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u8bc6\u65f6\u52a1\uff0c\u6697\u4e2d\u4e0e\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4fdd\u6301\u8054\u7cfb\u3002[123]<\/span><\/p>

\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u662f\u670d\u81ba“\u515a\u6307\u6325\u67aa”\u7684\u3002\u60df\u4ed6\u773c\u4e2d“\u6307\u6325\u67aa”\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a“\u515a”\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u6c5f\u9752\u7b49\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a“\u515a”\u91cc\u7684\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e00\u6b7b\uff0c\u624b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u519b\u6743\uff0c\u5728\u519b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u6c5f\u9752\u7684\u4e0b\u573a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u5b9a\u3002\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u5357\u6d77\u4e00\u573a\u529b\u58eb\u7f1a\u9e21\u5f0f\u7684“\u62d8\u7559”\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u6c5f\u9752\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u547d\u3002\u4f9d\u9760\u519b\u961f\u53d1\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6587\u9769\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u6307\u6325\u515a\u7684\u67aa\u53e3\u4e0b\u60b2\u60e8\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u3010\u6ce8\u91ca\u3011<\/span><\/p>

[1]\u8427\u5ef6\u4e2d\u7f16\u300a\u665a\u5e74\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6625\u79cb\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\uff09\u7b2c35\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[2]\u300a\u5ed6\u6c49\u751f\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\uff09\u7b2c231\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[3]\u738b\u660a\u3001\u738b\u7eaa\u4e00\u300a\u5f00\u56fd\u4e0a\u5c06\u53f6\u98de\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\uff09\u7b2c478\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[4]\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7f16\u300a\u515a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\u300b\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u671f\u7b2c40\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[5]\u6587\u9769\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u540e\u8584\u4e00\u6ce2\u548c\u5b89\u5b50\u6587\u5bf9\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u4e4b\u5b50\u5218\u6e90\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f15\u81ea\u9ad8\u6653\u5ca9\u300a\u5218\u6e90\u3001\u4f55\u5bb6\u680b\u5bf9\u4e00\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u516c\u6848\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u3001\u8003\u8bc1\u300b\uff0c\u534e\u590f\u6587\u6458\u589e\u520a\u7b2c\u4e09\u56db\u4e5d\u671f\uff082003.7.22\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[6]1966.05.21\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\uff08\u5149\u76d8\uff09\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[7]\u6731\u7ee7\u5fe0\u3001\u8521\u4f20\u9053\u8457\u8bb0\u5b9e\u7535\u5f71\u5267\u672c\u300a\u4e0d\u706d\u7684\u519b\u9b42\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u949f\u5c71\u300b1990\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u7b2c36\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[8]\u534e\u98de\u300a“\u519b\u4e8b\u6797\u5f6a”\u548c“\u653f\u6cbb\u6797\u5f6a”\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u590f\u6587\u6458\u589e\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e00\u56db\u671f\uff082002.11.18\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[9]1957\u5e7411\u6708\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6bdb\u82cf\u671f\u95f4\u4e0e\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u7269\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e94\u671f\u3002<\/span>
[10]\u9ec4\u7476\u300a\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u96be\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5927\u5c06\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\uff09\u7b2c209\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[11]1927\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u5357\u660c\u6b66\u88c5\u66b4\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u6797\u5f6a\u662f\u8fde\u957f\uff0c\u8d3a\u9f99\u662f\u519b\u957f\u3001\u603b\u6307\u6325\u3002\u8d77\u4e49\u90e8\u961f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8d3a\u9f99\u7684\u3002<\/span>
[12]\u9ec4\u7476\u300a\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u96be\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5927\u5c06\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\uff09\u7b2c209-210\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[13]\u6731\u7ee7\u5fe0\u3001\u8521\u4f20\u9053\u8457\u8bb0\u5b9e\u7535\u5f71\u5267\u672c\u300a\u4e0d\u706d\u7684\u519b\u9b42\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u949f\u5c71\u300b1990\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u7b2c36\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[14]\u9ec4\u7476\u300a\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u96be\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5927\u5c06\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\uff09\u7b2c254\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[15]\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c231\u3001252\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[16]\u4f5a\u540d\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u3001\u6797\u5f6a\u4e0e“\u6253\u5012\u7f57\u745e\u537f”\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u590f\u6587\u6458\u300b\u589e\u520a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e8c\u56db\u671f\uff082003.2.10\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[17]\u9ec4\u7476\u300a\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u96be\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5927\u5c06\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\uff09\u7b2c283\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[18]\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c284-285\u9875<\/span>
[19]\u300a\u70b9\u70b9\u8bb0\u5fc6――\u7ea2\u8272\u5bb6\u65cf\u6863\u6848\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u5929\u5730\u56fe\u4e66\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1999\uff09\u7b2c184-185\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[20]1973.12.21\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63a5\u89c1\u53c2\u52a0\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u4f1a\u8bae\u4eba\u5458\u65f6\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff08\u8282\u5f55\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u529e\u516c\u5385\u79d8\u4e66\u5c40\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u7a3f\uff0c\u5f15\u81ea\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[21]1965.11.30\u6797\u5f6a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u300b\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\uff08\u5149\u76d8\uff09\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\uff1b\u9ec4\u7476\u300a\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u96be\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5927\u5c06\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\uff09\u7b2c282\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[22]\u664b\u592b\u300a\u6587\u9769\u524d\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998\uff09\u7b2c353\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[23]\u9ec4\u7476\u300a\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u96be\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5927\u5c06\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\uff09\u7b2c278-279\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[24]\u300a\u5f20\u8000\u7960\u56de\u5fc6\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1996\uff09\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u300a\u70b9\u70b9\u8bb0\u5fc6――\u7ea2\u8272\u5bb6\u65cf\u6863\u6848\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u5929\u5730\u56fe\u4e66\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1999\uff09\u7b2c183\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[25]\u4f5a\u540d\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u3001\u6797\u5f6a\u4e0e“\u6253\u5012\u7f57\u745e\u537f”\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u590f\u6587\u6458\u300b\u589e\u520a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e8c\u56db\u671f\uff082003.2.10\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[26]\u300a\u5f20\u8000\u7960\u56de\u5fc6\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u6821\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1996\uff09\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u300a\u70b9\u70b9\u8bb0\u5fc6——\u7ea2\u8272\u5bb6\u65cf\u6863\u6848\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u5929\u5730\u56fe\u4e66\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1999\uff09\u7b2c182\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[27]\u300a\u5f20\u8000\u7960\u56de\u5fc6\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1996\uff09\u7b2c29-30\u9875\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u5355\u4e16\u8054\u300a\u773c\u5e95\u5434\u94a9\u770b\u4e0d\u4f11——\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4e0e“\u6587\u9769”\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u590f\u6587\u6458\u300b\u589e\u520a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e8c\u56db\u671f\uff082003.1.27\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[28]\u300a\u70b9\u70b9\u8bb0\u5fc6――\u7ea2\u8272\u5bb6\u65cf\u6863\u6848\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u5929\u5730\u56fe\u4e66\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1999\uff09\u7b2c183\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[29]\u300a\u8d3a\u9f99\u8499\u96be\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8\u300a\u8d3a\u9f99\u4f20\u300b\u7f16\u5199\u7ec4\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u76ca\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08<\/span>www.npo.org.tw<\/span><\/a>\uff09\u626b\u6821\u3002<\/span>
[30]\u9ec4\u7476\u300a\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u96be\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5927\u5c06\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\uff09\u7b2c281\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[31]\u4f5a\u540d\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u3001\u6797\u5f6a\u4e0e“\u6253\u5012\u7f57\u745e\u537f”\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u590f\u6587\u6458\u300b\u589e\u520a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e8c\u56db\u671f\uff082003.2.10\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[32]1965.12.2\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u5170\u5dde\u519b\u533a\u515a\u59d4\u300a\u5173\u4e8e55\u5e08\u7d27\u6025\u5907\u6218\u4e2d\u7a81\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u7684\u6279\u793a\uff0c\u9ec4\u7476\u300a\u4e09\u6b21\u5927\u96be\u4e0d\u6b7b\u7684\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5927\u5c06\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\uff09\u7b2c283\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[33]\u300a\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6599\uff081962-1967\uff09\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\uff0c1967\uff09\u7b2c196-198\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[34]\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c201\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[35]\u300a\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6587\u7a3f\u300b\u7b2c\u516b\u518c\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\uff09\u7b2c431\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[36]\u5f20\u4f50\u826f\u300a\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u957f\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u88ab\u903c\u8df3\u697c\u81f4\u6b8b\u88ab\u4eba\u653e\u5165\u7ba9\u7b50\u6e38\u6597\u300b\u3002\u5f20\u4f50\u826f\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4fdd\u5065\u533b\u751f\u3002<\/span>
[37]\u540c\u4e0a\u3002\u5f20\u4f50\u826f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d76\u5f80\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5176\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u533b\u751f\u3002<\/span>
[38]\u300a\u70b9\u70b9\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u300b\u6742\u5fd71998\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u7b2c39\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[39]\u7f57\u70b9\u70b9\u300a\u70b9\u70b9\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff09\u6742\u5fd71998\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u7b2c39\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[40]\u9648\u8679\u300a\u6768\u6210\u6b66\u8c08\u63ed\u6279\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5b9e\u60c5\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u708e\u9ec4\u6625\u79cb\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\u3002\u6768\u6210\u6b66\u900f\u9732\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u5199\u7684\u662f“\u5c06\u519b\u4e00\u8df3\u8eab\u540d\u88c2\uff0c\u5411\u6cb3\u6881\uff0c\u56de\u9996\u671b\uff0c\u6545\u4eba\u957f\u7edd\u3002”\u53e6\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a“\u5c06\u519b\u4e00\u8df3\u8eab\u540d\u88c2\uff0c\u6545\u4eba\u56de\u9996\u6210\u6c42\u8bc0\u3002”<\/span>
[41]\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u53d1\uff3b66\uff3d268\u53f7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u89c1\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\uff08\u5149\u76d8\uff09\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[42]\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u6279\u8f6c\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5173\u4e8e\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u540c\u5fd7\u9519\u8bef\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53d1\uff0866\uff09268\u53f7\u9644\u4ef6\uff0c1966\u5e745\u670816\u65e5\u53d1\u51fa\u3002\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u4f59\u6c5d\u4fe1\u300a\u8bd5\u8bba\u6768\u6210\u6b66\u4e0e\u7f57\u745e\u537f\u5012\u53f0\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u534e\u590f\u6587\u6458\u589e\u520a\u7b2c\u56db\u4e03\u4e00\u671f\uff082005.12.19\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[43]\u5ed6\u6c49\u751f\u7236\u4eb2\u6b7b\u524d\u662f\u8d3a\u9f99\u90e8\u4e0b\u3001\u628a\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u5ed6\u524d\u59bb\u662f\u8d3a\u9f99\u59d0\u59d0\u7684\u5973\u513f\uff0c\u5ed6\u7236\u4e0e\u8d3a\u9f99\u505a\u7684\u5a92\u3002\u89c1\u300a\u5ed6\u6c49\u751f\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\uff09\u7b2c284\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[44]\u300a\u6253\u5012\u4e09\u53cd\u5206\u5b50\u8d3a\u9f99\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u96c6\uff09\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6279\u6597\u4e09\u53cd\u5206\u5b50\u8d3a\u9f99\u8054\u7edc\u7ad9\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u7ea2\u4ee3\u4f1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u59d4\u8fd0\u52a8\u7cfb\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u56e2\u7ffb\u5370\uff09\u7b2c2-3\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[45]\u300a\u8d3a\u9f99\u8499\u96be\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8\u300a\u8d3a\u9f99\u4f20\u300b\u7f16\u5199\u7ec4\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[46]\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span>
[47]\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span>
[48]\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span>
[49]\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span>
[50]\u5f20\u4e91\u751f\u300a\u6bdb\u5bb6\u6e7e\u8bb0\u5b9e\uff1a\u6797\u5f6a\u79d8\u4e66\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6625\u79cb\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\u7b2c35\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[51]\u738b\u5e74\u4e00\u3001\u4f55\u8700\u3001\u9648\u662d\u300a\u6797\u5f6a\u662f“\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d”\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89c2\u6f6e\u6d3e\u3001\u900d\u9065\u6d3e\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u590f\u6587\u6458\u300b\u589e\u520a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e03\u4e8c\u671f\uff082004.3.15\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[52]1968.10\u4e0b\u65ec\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8c08\u51e0\u4e2a\u5143\u5e05\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89c1\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[53]1966.09.25\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u63a5\u89c1\u9996\u90fd\u5927\u4e13\u5b66\u6821\u7ea2\u536b\u5175\u9769\u547d\u9020\u53cd\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u65f6\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u516d\u5e74\u5317\u4eac\u5316\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u300a\u7ea2\u8272\u5ba3\u4f20\u5458\u300b\u6218\u6597\u7ec4\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9662\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u56e2\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u4e1c\u65b9\u7ea2\u5370\u5237\u5382\u9769\u547d\u9020\u53cd\u8054\u7edc\u5904\u3001\u5316\u5de5\u90e8\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u5370\u5237\u5382\u8054\u5408\u6c47\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff082\uff09\u300b\u3002<\/span>
[54]\u300a\u8d3a\u9f99\u8499\u96be\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8\u300a\u8d3a\u9f99\u4f20\u300b\u7f16\u5199\u7ec4\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[55]1967\u5e742\u67083\u65e5\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5361\u535a\u548c\u5df4\u5362\u5e93\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u738b\u5e74\u4e00\u3001\u4f55\u8700\u3001\u9648\u662d\u300a\u6797\u5f6a\u662f“\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d”\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89c2\u6f6e\u6d3e\u3001\u900d\u9065\u6d3e\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u590f\u6587\u6458\u300b\u589e\u520a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e03\u4e8c\u671f\uff082004.3.15\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[56]\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e03\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u4e13\u6848\u5ba1\u67e5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7b2c\u4e00\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7ed9\u5eb7\u751f\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\uff08\u7eed\u96c6\uff09\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u7fa4\u4f17\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1986 \uff09\u7b2c91\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[57]\u8463\u4fdd\u5b58\u300a\u8d70\u8fdb\u6000\u4ec1\u5802\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff09\uff1b\u4efb\u5fd7\u4f0a\u300a\u9a7b\u85cf\u4ee3\u8868\u5f20\u7ecf\u6b66\u8f89\u714c\u800c\u574e\u5777\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u53f2\u5929\u5730\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/span>
[58]1971.11.14\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63a5\u89c1\u53c2\u52a0\u6210\u90fd\u5730\u533a\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u65f6\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e2d\u53d1\uff3b1971\uff3d148\u53f7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/span>
[59]\u300a\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6587\u7a3f\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u518c\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998\uff09\u7b2c302\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[60]1973.12.21\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63a5\u89c1\u53c2\u52a0\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u4f1a\u8bae\u4eba\u5458\u65f6\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff08\u8282\u5f55\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u529e\u516c\u5385\u79d8\u4e66\u5c40\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u7a3f\uff0c\u5f15\u81ea\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[61]1967.07.08\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u63a5\u89c1\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u67d0\u4e13\u4e1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u539f\u8f7d\u7b2c\u5341\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u7ea2\u300b\uff0839\u671f\uff09\uff0c1967\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\u7ea2\u4ee3\u4f1a\u6e05\u534e\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u4e00\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e09\u52a8\u6001\u7ec4\u7f16\u300a\u52a8\u6001\u300b\u7b2c101\u671f\u8f6c\u8f7d\u3002<\/span>
[62]\u5434\u5fb7\u53e3\u8ff0\u6731\u5143\u77f3\u7b49\u6574\u7406\u300a\u5341\u5e74\u98ce\u96e8\u7eaa\u4e8b——\u6211\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\uff09\u7b2c5\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[63]\u300a\u5ed6\u6c49\u751f\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\uff09\u7b2c247\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[64]\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u300a“\u6587\u9769”\u4e2d\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4e0e\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u300b2002\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff08\u603b\u7b2c78\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[65]\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\uff09\u7b2c168\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[66]1984.06.30\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u59d4\u5bf9\u5168\u5e02\u6e05\u7406“\u4e09\u79cd\u4eba”\u8fdb\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u4eca\u540e\u5de5\u4f5c\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u3002<\/span>
[67]\u8d3a\u6e90\u3001\u5f20\u6cb1\u751f\u300a\u515a\u7684\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e00\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u8bc4\u8ff0\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u515a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e8c\u5e74\u7b2c\u516d\u671f\u7b2c58\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[68]\u300a\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u5e74\u8c31\u300b\u4e0b\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c648\u9875\u3002“\u4e94\u4e0d\u6015”\uff1a\u4e0d\u6015\u64a4\u804c\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u5f00\u9664\u515a\u7c4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u8001\u5a46\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u5750\u7262\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u6740\u5934\u3002<\/span>
[69]\u8d3a\u6e90\u3001\u5f20\u6cb1\u751f\u300a\u515a\u7684\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e00\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u8bc4\u8ff0\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u515a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e8c\u5e74\u7b2c\u516d\u671f\u7b2c59\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[70]1966.11.05\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u5728\u7a7a\u519b\u5e72\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f15\u81ea\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[71]1966.09.25\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u63a5\u89c1\u827a\u672f\u9662\u6821\u56e2\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\u5e08\u751f\u4ee3\u8868\u65f6\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f15\u81ea\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[72]1966.10.05\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u5728\u5168\u519b\u9662\u6821\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u52a8\u5458\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f15\u81ea\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[73]1967.07.08\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u63a5\u89c1\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u67d0\u4e13\u4e1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u539f\u8f7d\u7b2c\u5341\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u7ea2\u300b\uff0839\u671f\uff09\uff0c1967\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\u7ea2\u4ee3\u4f1a\u6e05\u534e\u4e95\u5188\u5c71\u4e00\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e09\u52a8\u6001\u7ec4\u7f16\u300a\u52a8\u6001\u300b\u7b2c101\u671f\u8f6c\u8f7d\u3002<\/span>
[74]\u6587\u9769\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6e05\u9000\u88ab\u67e5\u6284\u7684\u8d22\u7269\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7ea6\u5341\u4e8c\u4e07\u6237\u3002\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\uff09\u7b2c168\u3001192\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[75]\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\uff09\u7b2c168\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[76]1966.09.25\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u63a5\u89c1\u827a\u672f\u9662\u6821\u56e2\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\u5e08\u751f\u4ee3\u8868\u65f6\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f15\u81ea\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[77]\u300a\u738b\u529b\u53cd\u601d\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u5317\u661f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001\uff09\u7b2c291-292\u9875\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u4f55\u8700\u300a“\u6587\u9769”\u4e2d\u7684“\u63ea\u519b\u5185\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae”\u95ee\u9898\u8fa8\u6790\u300b\u3002<\/span>
[78]\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u515a\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u6ce8\u91ca\u672c\uff08\u4fee\u8ba2\uff09\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1985\uff09\u7b2c407\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[79]\u5f20\u4e91\u751f\u300a\u6bdb\u5bb6\u6e7e\u8bb0\u5b9e\uff1a\u6797\u5f6a\u79d8\u4e66\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6625\u79cb\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\u7b2c65-68\u9875\uff1b\u5f90\u5411\u524d\u300a\u5728“\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d”\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u660c\u9686\u7f16\u300a\u5143\u620e\u8499\u96be\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u8054\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1989\uff09\u7b2c7\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[80]\u660c\u9686\u7f16\u300a\u5143\u620e\u8499\u96be\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u8054\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1989\uff09\u7b2c7\u9875\uff1b\u5f20\u5ef7\u680b\u300a\u6211\u966a\u53f6\u5e05\u8d70\u5b8c\u6700\u540e\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999\uff09\u7b2c39\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[81]1967.2.3\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5bf9\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5361\u535a\u548c\u5df4\u5362\u5e93\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6599\uff081962\uff5e1967\uff09\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\uff0c1967\uff09\u7b2c290\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[82]1968.10\u4e0b\u65ec\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8c08\u51e0\u4e2a\u5143\u5e05\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\uff08\u5149\u76d8\uff09\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[83]\u540e\u6765\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u4e5d\u5927\u671f\u95f4\uff081969.04.13\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a“\u8427\u534e\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u6768\u6210\u6b66\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u6768\u3001\u4f59\u3001\u4ed8\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6768\u3001\u4f59\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5927\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5085\u5d07\u78a7\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8001\u5b9e\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u8bb2\u771f\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u8bb2\u771f\u8bdd\u3002”\u89c1\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[84]\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e5d\u5e74\u56db\u6708\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u4e5d\u5927\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c2003.7.22\u534e\u590f\u6587\u6458\u589e\u520a\u300a\u6587\u9769\u535a\u7269\u9986\u901a\u8baf\uff08\u4e00\u516b\u516d\uff09\u300b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7248\u672c\uff1a“\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u72af\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u6293\u4f4f\u4e0d\u653e\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u6768\u52c7\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4ed6\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u628a\u4ed6\u5173\u8d77\u6765\uff1f\uff08\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u662f\u4e2a\u8001\u5e05\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u95f9\u4e00\u573a\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u9769\u3002\uff09”\u89c1\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[85]1971.11.14\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63a5\u89c1\u53c2\u52a0\u6210\u90fd\u5730\u533a\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u65f6\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e2d\u53d1\uff3b1971\uff3d148\u53f7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/span>
[86]\u5f20\u4e91\u751f\u300a\u6bdb\u5bb6\u6e7e\u8bb0\u5b9e\uff1a\u6797\u5f6a\u79d8\u4e66\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6625\u79cb\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\u7b2c87\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[87]\u6d4e\u5357\u519b\u533a\u53f8\u4ee4\u5458\u6768\u5f97\u5fd7\u53bb\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u89c1\u5f20\u6b63\u9686\u300a\u6218\u5c06\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\uff09\u7b2c250\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[88]\u5f20\u5ef7\u680b\u300a\u6211\u966a\u53f6\u5e05\u8d70\u5b8c\u6700\u540e\u5341\u4e03\u5e74\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999\uff09\u7b2c42\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[89]1968.10\u4e0b\u65ec\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8c08\u51e0\u4e2a\u5143\u5e05\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89c1\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[90]\u6587\u807f\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de6\u7978\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u671d\u534e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\uff09\u7b2c435\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[91]\u540c\u4e0a\uff1b\u738b\u5e74\u4e00\u300a\u5927\u52a8\u4e71\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u300b\uff08\u90d1\u5dde\uff1a\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\u7b2c207\u9875\u3002\u79d8\u4e66\u5411\u6797\u5f6a\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u897f\u5b81\u8bef\u4f20“\u6797\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6765\u7535\uff1a\u4f60\u4eec\u6253\u5f97\u5bf9\uff0c\u6253\u5f97\u597d\u3002”\u6797\u5f6a\u542c\u4e86\u4e00\u7b11\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u89c1\u5f20\u4e91\u751f\u300a\u6bdb\u5bb6\u6e7e\u8bb0\u5b9e\uff1a\u6797\u5f6a\u79d8\u4e66\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6625\u79cb\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\u7b2c92\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[92]1967.4.10\u5218\u8d24\u6743\u5728\u9752\u6d77\u519b\u7ba1\u5c0f\u7ec4\u957f\u548c\u673a\u5173\u5e72\u90e8\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u300a\u9752\u6d77\u4e8c‧\u4e8c\u4e09\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u5173\u6750\u6599\u300b\u7b2c21\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[93]\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span>
[94]\u5f20\u4e91\u751f\u300a\u6bdb\u5bb6\u6e7e\u8bb0\u5b9e\uff1a\u6797\u5f6a\u79d8\u4e66\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6625\u79cb\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\u7b2c96\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[95]1967.4.20\u5b89\u7ecd\u6770\uff08\u9752\u6d77\u7701\u519b\u533a\u53f8\u4ee4\u5458\u5218\u8d24\u6743\u7684\u592b\u4eba\uff09\u5728\u9752\u6d77\u5927\u5b66\u755c\u7267\u517d\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u300a\u9752\u6d77\u4e8c·\u4e8c\u4e09\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u5173\u6750\u6599\u300b\u7b2c44\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[96]1968.10\u4e0b\u65ec\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8c08\u51e0\u4e2a\u5143\u5e05\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89c1\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
[97]\u5f20\u4e91\u751f\u300a\u6bdb\u5bb6\u6e7e\u8bb0\u5b9e\uff1a\u6797\u5f6a\u79d8\u4e66\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6625\u79cb\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\u7b2c103\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[98]\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c101\u81f3102\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[99]\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c97\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[100]\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u515a\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u6ce8\u91ca\u672c\uff08\u4fee\u8ba2\uff09\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1985\uff09\u7b2c31\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[101]\u66fe\u5fd7\u300a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005――\u66fe\u5fd7\u56de\u5fc6\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff08\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999\uff09\u7b2c442-444\u9875\u3002<\/span>
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[105]\u53f6\u6c38\u70c8\u300a\u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe\u4f20\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4f5c\u5bb6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\uff09\u7b2c376\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[106]\u738b\u529b\u300a\u73b0\u573a\u5386\u53f2\uff1a\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7eaa\u4e8b\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\uff09\u7b2c29-30\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[107]\u738b\u5e74\u4e00\u300a\u5927\u52a8\u4e71\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u300b\uff08\u90d1\u5dde\uff1a\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\u7b2c208\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[108]\u738b\u529b\u300a\u73b0\u573a\u5386\u53f2\uff1a\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7eaa\u4e8b\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\uff09\u7b2c30\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[109]\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span>
[110]\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c31\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[111]\u660c\u9686\u7f16\u300a\u5143\u620e\u8499\u96be\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u8054\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1989\uff09\u7b2c15\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[112]\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c14\u9875\u3002<\/span>
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[115]\u738b\u5e74\u4e00\u300a\u5927\u52a8\u4e71\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u300b\uff08\u90d1\u5dde\uff1a\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\u7b2c210\u9875\u3002<\/span>
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[117]\u9879\u5357\u300a“\u8be5\u6211\u5f00\u70ae\u4e86”—\u8c2d\u9707\u6797\u4e0e“\u4e8c\u6708\u6297\u4e89”\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u7269\u300b\u53cc\u6708\u520a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e8c\u5e74\u7b2c\u516d\u671f\u7b2c58\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[118]\u6797\u5f6a\u79f0\u75c5\uff0c\u8ba9\u53f6\u7fa4\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u89c1\u300a\u6bdb\u5bb6\u6e7e\u8bb0\u5b9e\uff1a\u6797\u5f6a\u79d8\u4e66\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u7b2c95\u9875\u3002<\/span>
[119]\u738b\u5e74\u4e00\u300a\u5927\u52a8\u4e71\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u300b\uff08\u90d1\u5dde\uff1a\u6cb3\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\uff09\u7b2c216\u9875\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u5f15\u81ea\u8d75\u5cfb\u9632\u3001\u7eaa\u5e0c\u6668\u300a“\u4e8c\u6708\u9006\u6d41”\u300b\u3002<\/span>
[120]\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/span>
[121]1968.10\u4e0b\u65ec\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5728\u516b\u5c4a\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8c08\u51e0\u4e2a\u5143\u5e05\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89c1\u5b8b\u6c38\u6bc5\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u6587\u5e93\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/span>
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