{"id":6856,"date":"2008-11-30T11:11:52","date_gmt":"2008-11-30T11:11:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=6856 "},"modified":"2008-11-30T11:11:52","modified_gmt":"2008-11-30T11:11:52","slug":"6856-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=6856","title":{"rendered":"\u503e\u542c\u65e0\u58f0\u8005\u7684\u58f0\u97f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

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    \u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u671f\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c61\u5c61\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u7684\u662f\u82e6\u6da9\u7684\u5473\u9053\u2014\u2014\u6d53\u91cd\u7684\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u65e5\u590d\u4e00\u65e5\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5176\u6301\u7eed\u4e2d\u9ebb\u6728\u7684\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u88ab\u5bc6\u4e0d\u900f\u98ce\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\u906e\u63a9\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u514d\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u6c89\u91cd\u3002 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u8c08\u53ca\u6c89\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u7531\u60f3\u8d77\u4e00\u90e8\u6c89\u91cd\u4e4b\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u300b\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e09\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u7531\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14•\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\uff08Pierre Bourdieu\uff09\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5411\u4e16\u4eba\u5949\u732e\u7684\u3001\u8868\u73b0\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u79cd\u79cd\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e5d\u5e74\u8fd9\u90e8\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u75be\u82e6\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u9762\u4e16\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\uff1a\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u75be\u82e6\u300b\uff08The Weight of the World: Social Suffering in Contemporary Society\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5386\u65f6\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u4ee5\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u8005\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u5973\u804c\u5458\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u7ecf\u7406\u4eba\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u5de5\u3001\u5de5\u5934\u3001\u8857\u5934\u6df7\u6df7\u513f\u3001\u57fa\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u8b66\u5bdf\u7b49\u7b49\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0b\u5c42\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bbf\u8c08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u75be\u82e6\u3001\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u5883\u9047\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u660e\u8a00\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u6216\u6028\u6068\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u201d\uff0c\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u5bf9\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u7b49\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u6df1\u5207\u7684\u60b2\u60af\u4e4b\u5fc3\u548c\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3001\u8010\u5fc3\u5730\u503e\u542c\u8d70\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f7f\u547d\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u6db5\u2014\u2014\u5c55\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u75be\u82e6\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    
    \u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u82e6\u96be
    
    \u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u7b49\u5bf9\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4ece\u63a2\u8bbf\u666e\u901a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u6545\u4e8b\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5351\u5fae\u7410\u788e\u7684\u6709\u5173\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ee5\u6d1e\u82e5\u89c2\u706b\u822c\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u529b\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2a\u4f53\u906d\u9047\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u6b64\u8d85\u8d8a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u63ed\u793a\u4e2a\u4eba\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u7b49\u4eba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u5177\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u906d\u9047\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u4e3b\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u6216\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u6700\u89e6\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u79c1\u5bc6\u7684\u620f\u5267\u573a\u9762\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u6700\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u82e6\u75db\u3002\u7537\u5973\u4f17\u751f\u4f46\u51e1\u80fd\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u8fdb\u9000\u7ef4\u8c37\u7684\u5904\u5883\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5176\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba2\u89c2\u5916\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u4f4f\u623f\u4f9b\u5e94\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e8e\u5b66\u6821\u4f53\u5236\u6beb\u4e0d\u624b\u8f6f\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u94ed\u523b\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u201d\uff08\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u3001\u534e\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516b\u5e74\uff0c263\u2014265\u9875\uff09 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u82e6\u96be\u201d\u6216\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u75be\u82e6\u201d\uff08social suffering\uff09\u5728\u533b\u5b66\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u91cd\u8981\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u51ef\u535a\u6587\uff08Arthur Kleinman\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f3a\u8c03\u75db\u82e6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5e76\u529b\u56fe\u6253\u7834\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5206\u9694\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5c06\u5065\u5eb7\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5c06\u8868\u8fbe\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5c06\u75db\u82e6\u4ece\u5e72\u9884\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5b83\u963b\u788d\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\uff1b\u7ecf\u5386\u75db\u82e6\u4e0e\u521b\u4f24\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u65e2\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u3002\uff08Kleinman, 1997, ix-xxv\uff09 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u5728\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u4f53\u4f1a\u548c\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\uff08C. W. Mills\uff09\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u201d\uff08The Sociological Imagination\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u70e6\u607c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8bae\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6750\u6599\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7f\u68ad\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u70e6\u607c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u8fc1\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e43\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516d\u5e74\uff0c31\u201443\u9875\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u66f4\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6d82\u5c14\u5e72\u7684\u81ea\u6740\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u6d82\u5c14\u5e72\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u6740\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u5468\u56f4\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u81ea\u6740\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u6d82\u5c14\u5e72\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516b\u5e74\uff0c257\u2014280\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u641c\u96c6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0e\u88ab\u8bbf\u8005\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e0e\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u82e6\u96be\u201d\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u8fc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5c31\u6b64\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u300b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u75be\u82e6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u90bb\u91cc\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u3001\u57fa\u5c42\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u547d\u8fd0\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ee3\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u51e0\u5927\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u88ab\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\u5168\u7403\u5316\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u64a4\u9000\u201d\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e0a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u67af\u7aed\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u81ea\u6b3a\u201d\u3001\u7531\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u6da3\u6563\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u5236\u5236\u9020\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u5931\u671b\u3001\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ee3\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u5904\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u201c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6027\u75db\u82e6\u201d\uff08positional suffering\uff09\u548c\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u8870\u843d\u76f8\u4f34\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u906d\u9047\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6839\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002
    
    \u82e6\u96be\u7684\u529b\u91cf
    
    \u5c55\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u6216\u88ab\u4eba\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u75db\u82e6\u201d\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u793e\u4f1a\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u548c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u63a9\u76d6\u7684\u5236\u9020\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u51ef\u535a\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u5efa\u6784\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5b9e\u8df5\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u201c\u6743\u529b\u201d\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u529b\u5730\u5f62\u5851\u4e86\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u75db\u82e6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u548c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u8da3\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75db\u82e6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5bf9\u4e8e\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u548c\u6291\u5236\u7684\uff08Kleinman,1997,p.1\u201423\uff09\u3002 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u66f4\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u75db\u82e6\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5145\u6ee1\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u9610\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u628a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u96be\u4ee5\u660e\u8a00\u7684\u75c5\u60a3\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u8fa8\u7684\u75c7\u5019\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u52a0\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u5c06\u653f\u6cbb\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e3a\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5982\u540c\u533b\u5e08\uff1a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8bb0\u4e0b\u75c7\u72b6\u548c\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u75be\u75c5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u63a8\u7406\u4ece\u800c\u63ed\u793a\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u793e\u4f1a\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5f81\u5146\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5bfc\u81f4\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u88ab\u63a9\u76d6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u4eec\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u548c\u6700\u9690\u79d8\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u7a81\u7834\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5c4f\u853d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c4f\u853d\u80cc\u540e\u63a9\u9970\u7684\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u75be\u82e6\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8981\u52a8\u5458\u4eba\u4eec\u63a7\u8bc9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u5815\u843d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u6ecb\u517b\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u611f\u3001\u82e6\u607c\u3001\u7edd\u671b\uff08\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u3001\u534e\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u516b\u5e74\uff0c262\u2014280\u9875\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6148\u60b2\uff08generosity\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4ece\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u7b49\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u63ed\u793a\u548c\u5bfb\u627e\u539f\u56e0\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u7684\u786e\u786e\u6709\u7740\u9664\u9b54\u53bb\u9b45\u7684\u6548\u679c\u201d\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u96be\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u535a\u5927\u3001\u6df1\u9083\u3001\u6d51\u539a\u800c\u4e14\u5145\u6ee1\u60b2\u60af\u7684\u80f8\u6000\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u5728\u6211\u4eec\u957f\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u91cc\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u201c\u53d7\u82e6\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u867d\u7136\u662f\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u4e1a\u79cd\u690d\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u8c13\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5305\u542b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5374\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4ece\u4e1a\u6982\u5ff5\u6c89\u91cd\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u519c\u6c11\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u82e6\u201d\u65e2\u662f\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff1b\u662f\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u201c\u8eab\u4f53\u4e4b\u82e6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5fc3\u7075\u4e4b\u82e6\u201d\u6784\u6210\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u666e\u901a\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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    \u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5e26\u6765\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u666e\u901a\u519c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u9769\u547d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u4e8e\u62ef\u6551\u52b3\u82e6\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u58f0\u8a00\u662f\u89e3\u9664\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u6551\u82e6\u6551\u96be\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4e0e\u5176\u521d\u8877\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u611f\u53d7\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u5386\u53f2\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5f3a\u97e7\u751f\u5b58\u4e2d\u80fd\u611f\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5de8\u53d8\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u80fd\u611f\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e13\u5236\u8005\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u60e7\u6015\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u770b\u770b\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u5916\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e13\u5236\u66b4\u541b\u90fd\u60e7\u6015\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u201c\u597d\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u5199\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u50cf\u662f\u76d8\u4e98\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u5e95\u7684\u9b54\u5f71\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b8b\u66b4\u5176\u5b9e\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u2014\u2014\u8d76\u5c3d\u6740\u7edd\u662f\u5bb3\u6015\u590d\u4ec7\uff0c\u5c01\u6740\u5386\u53f2\u6216\u4f2a\u9020\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5bb3\u6015\u7559\u4e0b\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u9632\u6c11\u4e4b\u53e3\u662f\u60e7\u6015\u5728\u4efb\u4eba\u8bc4\u8bf4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u9057\u81ed\u4e07\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff01 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u4ece\u519c\u6c11\u5bf9\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u5230\u82e6\u96be\u662f\u6709\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u82e6\u96be\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u3002\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u8574\u542b\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u82e6\u96be\u82e5\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u88ab\u8bb2\u8ff0\u548c\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\uff0c\u82e6\u96be\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u4fbf\u4e00\u5982\u65e2\u5f80\u5730\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5df2\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u5bf9\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5199\u5386\u53f2\u751a\u81f3\u91cd\u6784\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u82e6\u96be\u4fbf\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u5148\u8d4b\u6027\u6216\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\u7684\u8ff7\u969c\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u82e6\u96be\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u98a0\u8986\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u91cd\u6784\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u83b7\u5f97\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    
    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u9057\u5fd8
    \u3000\u3000\u3000
    \u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u6c34\u6ef4\u968f\u610f\u6d88\u5931\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u957f\u6cb3\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ffb\u4e0d\u8d77\u4e00\u70b9\u6d9f\u6f2a\uff0c\u7559\u4e0d\u4e0b\u4e9b\u5fae\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u54ea\u6015\u4ed6\/\u5979\u662f\u666e\u666e\u901a\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53d7\u82e6\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u5730\u6d88\u5931\uff01\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\uff01\u800c\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u5374\u4e00\u518d\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u3001\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7559\u4e0b\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u666e\u901a\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u5728\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u6c99\u77f3\u6ce5\u571f\u3001\u877c\u8681\u8349\u82a5\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u53ea\u53ef\u4f7f\u7531\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f7f\u77e5\u4e4b\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u9500\u58f0\u533f\u8ff9\u6070\u6070\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7559\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\uff1b\u5de5\u5177\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u949f\u7231\u7684\u9999\u8f66\u5b9d\u9a6c\u3001\u5ba0\u7269\u73cd\u73a9\u3002\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u5728\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u4e5f\u8ba9\u6211\u66f4\u52a0\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8bb0\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u3001\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u82e6\u96be\u5728\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728\u82e6\u96be\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u90fd\u662f\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u90fd\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u5f25\u8db3\u73cd\u8d35\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u9057\u5fd8\u3002 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u5fd8\u5374\u5386\u53f2\u7279\u522b\u662f\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6280\u672f\u5219\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5c61\u5c61\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u5fae\u7b11\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec3\u4e60\u7684\u3002\u96be\u602a\u6709\u4eba\u611f\u53f9\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u795e\u5947\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u95f4\u5947\u8ff9\u90fd\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\uff01\u201d <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u4ece\u601d\u60f3\u5230\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u5e94\u5ffd\u89c6\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u5efa\u6784\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u6240\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u540c\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u4ece\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u548c\u88ab\u8bbf\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u751f\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u771f\u5b9e\u4e5f\u66f4\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e86\u201d\uff08\u5e03\u8fea\u5384, \u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e5d\u5e74,607\u9875\uff09\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e0e\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\/\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u65f6\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff1b\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d5e\u540c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u505a\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7a7f\u9488\u5f15\u7ebf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u5f80\u53d1\u4e0d\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4f20\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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    \u82e6\u96be\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6216\u8005\u7531\u4e2a\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bb2\u8ff0\u624d\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u201c\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u3002\u800c\u4ee5\u5f80\u5e95\u5c42\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u6df9\u6ca1\u3001\u88ab\u906e\u853d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u5386\u53f2\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5e95\u5c42\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\u201d\u3002 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    \u201c\u82e6\u96be\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5c5e\u6027\uff08social suffering\uff09\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6709\u673a\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u89c6\u89d2\u63ed\u793a\u201c\u82e6\u96be\u201d\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6240\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7edd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u8840\u8089\u4ea4\u878d\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u76f8\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u5f53\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u5e38\u8bc6\u5e38\u7406\uff08common sense\uff09\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5c06\u6587\u660e\u843d\u5b9e\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5351\u5fae\u7410\u788e\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4fbf\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u6709\u673a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6709\u7740\u5171\u540c\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u201c\u53d7\u82e6\u4eba\u201d\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5de8\u8f6e\u4e0b\u7684\u94fa\u8def\u6c99\u77f3\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u88ab\u78be\u538b\u7684\u6c99\u77f3\u96be\u9053\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u3001\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u88ab\u8868\u8ff0\u5417\uff1f\u6bd5\u7adf\u90a3\u662f\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u521b\u9020\u8005\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u5c06\u6587\u660e\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5b9e\u8df5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u521b\u9020\u7684\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u9898\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

    
    \uff08Bourdieu, Pierre (1999), The Weight of the World: Social Suffering in Contemporary Society. Polity Press\uff1bKleinman, Das, and Lock (ed. 1997), Social Suffering.University of California Press\uff1b\u300a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u53cd\u601d\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u601d\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bfc\u5f15\u300b\uff0c\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u3001\u534e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8457\uff0c\u674e\u731b\u3001\u674e\u5eb7\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e8c\u25cb\u25cb\u56db\u5e74\u7248\uff0c26.80\u5143\uff09 <\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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