{"id":68816,"date":"2016-11-30T18:11:00","date_gmt":"2016-11-30T18:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=68816 "},"modified":"2016-11-30T18:11:00","modified_gmt":"2016-11-30T18:11:00","slug":"68816-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=68816","title":{"rendered":"\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7387\u5728\u4e0a\u5347 \u6c11\u4e3b\u9762\u4e34\u8870\u9000\u98ce\u9669"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7387\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9762\u4e34\u8870\u9000\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">11<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u6708<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">29<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u65e5<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e08\u96c5\u65af\u67e5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8499\u514b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Yascha Mounk<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff09\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u7f57\u4f2f\u6258&#8226;\u53f2\u8482\u82ac&#8226;\u798f\u963f<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Roberto Stefan Foa)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7684\u8054\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8870\u9000\u98ce\u9669\uff0c&#8220;\u7ea2\u8272\u8b66\u62a5\u5df2\u5728\u95ea\u70c1&#8221;\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u5c06\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u660e\u5e74<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u6708\u4efd\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u671f\u520a\u300b<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Journal of Democracy)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\uff0c\u8499\u514b\u548c\u798f\u963f\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8870\u9000\u7684\u9884\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u7406\u7c7b\u4f3c\u533b\u5b66\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6743\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u75c7\u72b6\u4e4b\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u516c\u5171\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5373\u516c\u6c11\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5176\u6240\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fdd\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u519b\u4e8b\u7edf\u6cbb\uff09\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u6709\u591a\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u662f&#8220;\u53cd\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8&#8221;\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u4f53\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u653f\u515a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u6b63\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a&#8220;\u89e3\u9664\u5de9\u56fa&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(deconsolidating)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3002\u7528\u533b\u5b66\u6765\u6253\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c&#8220;\u89e3\u9664\u5de9\u56fa&#8221;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6d41\u611f\u5b8c\u5168\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u4f4e\u70e7\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u6839\u636e\u8499\u514b<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u798f\u963f\u9884\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u89e3\u9664\u5de9\u56fa\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u53d1\u751f\u5371\u673a\u524d\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u8377\u5170\u3001\u65b0\u897f\u5170\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a&#8220;\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6&#8221;\u662f&#8220;\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11&#8221;\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7279\u522b\u4f4e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u9009\u9879\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7387\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8c03\u67e5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(European and World Values Surveys)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u519b\u961f\u7edf\u6cbb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6&#8220;\u597d&#8221;\u6216&#8220;\u975e\u5e38\u597d&#8221;\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2014<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1\/6<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff0c\u800c\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1995<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1\/16<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u4f5c\u8005\u96c5\u65af\u67e5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8499\u514b<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">11<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u6708<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">30<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u65e5<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u63a5\u53d7\u672c\u53f0\u8bb0\u8005\u7535\u8bdd\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u5bf9\u6b64\u5206\u6790\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u751f\u5e73\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u6837\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee4\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u73b0\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6d8c\u5165\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u6392\u5916\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u57ce\u4e61\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u52a0\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7684\u7126\u8651\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u96c5\u65af\u67e5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8499\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8870\u9000\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49\u5c1a\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6c11\u4e3b\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u6210\u529f\u3001\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u6700\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5a01\u671b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5f53\u8c08\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u7ad9\u5728\u4f60\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5728\u6162\u6162\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7&#8230;&#8230;\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5a01\u671b\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u9047\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u56f0\u96be\u3002&#8221;<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u96c5\u65af\u67e5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8499\u514b\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e50\u4e8e\u8ddf\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u6c11\u4e3b\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8c08\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u767e\u59d3\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5c45\u6c11\u674e\u52c9\u4e4b\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5173\u5fc3\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1989<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u4e2d\u56fd\u524d\u9014\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u66f4\u8ffd\u6c42\u7269\u8d28\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u66f4\u8ffd\u6c42\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u3002&#8221;<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7&#8220;\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5bb6&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Freedom House)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4ece<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1970<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">21<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u6570\u91cf\u7a33\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4f46\u4ece<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2005<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\uff1a&#8220;\u7ea2\u8272\u8b66\u62a5\u5df2\u5728\u95ea\u70c1&#8221;\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u79f0\u6c11\u4e3b\u9762\u4e34\u8870\u9000\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mzzg.org\/UploadCenter\/ArticlePics\/2016\/47\/20161130democracy-interpreter-1480452951332-articleLarge.png\" alt=\"20161130democracy-interpreter-1480452951332-articleLarge.png (600&#215;325)\" \/><br \/><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u534e\u76db\u987f&#8212;&#8212;\u96c5\u65af\u67e5&#8226;\u8499\u514b<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Yascha Mounk)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e00\u5411\u60ef\u4e8e\u505a\u4f17\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6700\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e08\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6311\u6218\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8870\u9000\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8499\u514b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u9887\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2014<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u300b<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Stranger in My Own Country)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7684\u4e66\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8eab\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u4ed6\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u957f\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff1b\u4f46\u540e\u9762\u53d8\u6210\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u4ee3\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\u65f6\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u987a\u5229\u3002\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53cd\u5f39\u6b63\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5417\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff1f<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8499\u514b\u4e0e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u6258&#8226;\u53f2\u8482\u82ac&#8226;\u798f\u963f<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Roberto Stefan Foa)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u81ea\u90a3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6536\u96c6\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c06\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u671f\u520a\u300b<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Journal of Democracy)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5982\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u8499\u514b\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\uff0c&#8220;\u7ea2\u8272\u8b66\u62a5\u5df2\u5728\u95ea\u70c1&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a&#8220;\u6c11\u4e3b\u5de9\u56fa&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(democratic consolidation)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u5176\u6c11\u4e3b\u73af\u5883\u4fbf\u4f1a\u7a33\u56fa\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5168\u7403\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002&#8220;\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5bb6&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Freedom House)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc4\u4f30\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4ece<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1970<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">21<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u88ab\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a&#8220;\u81ea\u7531&#8221;\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6570\u91cf\u7a33\u6b65\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ece\u519b\u4e8b\u7edf\u6cbb\u8f6c\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\uff1b\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4e1c\u6b27\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u8f6c\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u5317\u7f8e\u3001\u897f\u6b27\u548c\u6fb3\u6d32\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e45\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a33\u56fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4f46\u81ea<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2005<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c&#8220;\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5bb6&#8221;\u7684\u6307\u6570\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u663e\u793a\u5168\u7403\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f02\u5e38\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5417\uff1f\u6291\u6216\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1f<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8499\u514b\u548c\u798f\u963f\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u516c\u5f0f\u3002\u8499\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9884\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u7406\u7c7b\u4f3c\u533b\u5b66\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6743\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u75c7\u72b6\u4e4b\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u516c\u5171\u652f\u6301\uff1a\u516c\u6c11\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fdd\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u519b\u4e8b\u7edf\u6cbb\uff09\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u6709\u591a\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u662f&#8220;\u53cd\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8&#8221;&#8213;&#8213;\u653f\u515a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4fe1\u606f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u4f53\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684&#8213;&#8213;\u662f\u5426\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u6b63\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a&#8220;\u89e3\u9664\u5de9\u56fa&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(deconsolidating)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7528\u533b\u5b66\u6765\u6253\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c&#8220;\u89e3\u9664\u5de9\u56fa&#8221;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6d41\u611f\u5b8c\u5168\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u4f4e\u70e7\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1980<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6309\u7167&#8220;\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u5bb6&#8221;\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u65b9\u9762\u5f97\u5206\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u6c11\u4e3b\u505a\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u6bb5\u770b\u4f3c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8499\u514b<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u798f\u963f\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u7b97\u6210&#8220;\u89e3\u9664\u5de9\u56fa&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u6c11\u4e3b\u72b6\u51b5\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1992<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\uff0c\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u519b\u65b9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fe0\u4e8e\u4e4c\u6208&#8226;\u67e5\u97e6\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Hugo Ch<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">&#225;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">vez)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7684\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4f01\u56fe\u5bf9\u6c11\u9009\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u52a8\u653f\u53d8\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1998<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\uff0c\u67e5\u97e6\u65af\u5728\u6c11\u7cb9\u6d6a\u6f6e\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\uff0c<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e4b\u540e\u4ed6\u7acb\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6253\u51fb\u5f02\u89c1\u8005\uff0c\u76d1\u7981\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0d\u5468\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u6ce2\u5170\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2004<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8d5e\u8a89\u4e3a\u540e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5411\u5de9\u56fa\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5178\u8303\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8499\u514b\u548c\u798f\u963f\u5728\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u89e3\u9664\u5de9\u56fa\u8ff9\u8c61\uff1a\u65e9\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2005<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd1<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">16<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff05\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd&#8220;\u4e0d\u597d&#8221;\u6216&#8220;\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u597d&#8221;\u7684\u6cbb\u56fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5230<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2012<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">22<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff05\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8868\u793a\u652f\u6301\u519b\u961f\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2005<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53cd\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u515a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Law and Justice)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u81ea\u536b\u515a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u5bb6\u5ead\u8054\u76df<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(League of Polish Families)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u4f4e\u70e7\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u50cf\u6d41\u611f\u4e86\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2015<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u603b\u7edf\u5e2d\u4f4d\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u591a\u6570\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u515a\u6b63\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u524a\u5f31\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f53\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7834\u574f\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u4ee4\u6b27\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u5bf9\u6b64\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5&#8220;\u5371\u53ca\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5371\u53ca\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002&#8221;<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u6839\u636e\u8499\u514b<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u798f\u963f\u9884\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u89e3\u9664\u5de9\u56fa\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u53d1\u751f\u5371\u673a\u524d\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u8377\u5170\u3001\u65b0\u897f\u5170\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u8bf4&#8220;\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6&#8221;\u662f&#8220;\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11&#8221;\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u4f4e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u9009\u9879\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7387\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8c03\u67e5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(European and World Values Surveys)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u519b\u961f\u7edf\u6cbb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6&#8220;\u597d&#8221;\u6216&#8220;\u975e\u5e38\u597d&#8221;\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2014<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e86<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1\/6<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff0c\u800c\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1995<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u662f<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1\/16<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">43<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff05\u7684\u5e74\u957f\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u80fd\u6216\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u519b\u65b9\u63a5\u624b\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">19<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff05\u7684\u5343\u79a7\u4e00\u4ee3\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u9645\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">53<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff05\u7684\u8f83\u8001\u4e00\u8f88\u8ba4\u4e3a\u519b\u961f\u63a5\u7ba1\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">36<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff05\u7684\u5343\u79a7\u4e00\u4ee3\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7&#8226;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">J<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">&#8226;\u7279\u6717\u666e<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Donald J. Trump)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u800c\u8d62\u5f97\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u5bf9\u53cd\u4f53\u5236\u6c11\u7cb9\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7387\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u515a\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5de6\u7ffc\u8054\u76df<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Syriza)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u4e94\u661f\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(Five-Star Movement)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u548c\u6240\u6709\u504f\u91cd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u8d77\u56e0\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u800c\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8499\u514b\u548c\u798f\u963f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p>&nbsp;<\/p>  <p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; 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