{"id":70916,"date":"2017-02-15T05:01:00","date_gmt":"2017-02-15T05:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=70916 "},"modified":"2017-02-15T05:01:00","modified_gmt":"2017-02-15T05:01:00","slug":"70916-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=70916","title":{"rendered":"\u5f20\u667a\u658c\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5b55\u80b2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ec6\u8282"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff08\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u5341\u5b57\u65b9\u9488\u5f81\u6587\uff09<\/span><br \/><p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"><br \/> <br \/> <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><img decoding=\"async\" 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\uff09\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u767b\u57fa\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u738b\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\uff08James I \uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u767b\u57fa\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\u610f\u4e49\u975e\u51e1\uff0c\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4ece\u6b64\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u7684\u76db\u4e16\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5f3a\u76db\uff0c\u4e0e\u4eca\u5929\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ea\u4f1a\u6302\u5728\u5634\u4e0a\u865a\u5f20\u58f0\u52bf\u7684\u76db\u4e16\u5927\u56fd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u90a3\u771f\u7684\u6ca1\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 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Bradford\uff09\u548c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4eec\u7684&#8220;\u4e94\u6708\u82b1&#8221;\uff08Mayflower \uff09\u53f7\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u9a76\u5411\u7f8e\u6d32\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u822a\u9053\u4e0a\u4e58\u98ce\u7834\u6d6a\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u5efa\u7acb&#8220;\u4eba\u7c7b\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u540c\u610f\u800c\u6210\u7acb&#8221;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6cd5\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u667a\u6167\u975e\u51e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u8457\u6709\u591a\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u6301\u7f16\u7e82\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u5176\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u81f3\u4eca\u90fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u53f9\u4e3a\u89c2\u6b62\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u6ca1\u6709\u5c11\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u667a\u6167\u53bb\u505a\u574f\u4e8b\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u4e5f\u611a\u8822\u975e\u51e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7adf\u611a\u8822\u5230\u9f13\u5439&#8220;\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388&#8221;\uff08The Divine Right of Kings\uff09\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u4ed6\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u867d\u7136\u5c01\u5efa\u4e13\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u79ef\u6781\u9f13\u5439&#8220;\u6743\u529b\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11&#8221;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f25\u5929\u5927\u8c0e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u7740\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u548c\u515a\u3001\u653f\u4e00\u4f53\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6743\u653f\u3001\u6559\u4ea4\u878d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\uff0c\u88ab\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4eba\u6c11\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u4eba\u6c11\u5632\u7b11\u4e3a&#8220;\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e2d\u6700\u806a\u660e\u7684\u50bb\u5b50&#8221;\uff08The Wisest Fool in Christendom\uff09\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u76db\u4e16\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ea\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e1d\u738b\u548c\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u76db\u4e16\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5374\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u52a0\u8bf8\u591a\u7684\u82db\u6350\u6742\u7a0e\u548c\u540c\u6837\u8270\u96be\u7684\u6c11\u751f\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u5bf9\u5916\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u884c\u6b96\u6c11\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5bf9\u5185\u6781\u529b\u6536\u522e\u6c11\u8102\u6c11\u818f\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u7279\u6743\u9636\u5c42\u5374\u8d2a\u56fe\u4eab\u4e50\uff0c\u6325\u970d\u65e0\u5ea6\u30021625\u5e743\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4e00\u547d\u545c\u547c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4e1d\u6beb\u60b2\u54c0\u3002\u4ed6\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u4e34\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4e00\u7fa4\u6124\u6012\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\uff08Charles I\uff09\u5c06\u7ee7\u627f\u4ed6\u7684\u738b\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u5c06\u6536\u83b7\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u64ad\u4e0b\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u7403\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\uff0c\u7528\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u660e\u5e1d\u56fd\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5f3a\u76db\uff0c\u4f46\u5173\u95ed\u9501\u56fd\u7684\u541b\u7687\u5374\u5982\u4e95\u5e95\u4e4b\u86d9\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u6d25\u6d25\u4e50\u9053\u81ea\u5df1&#8220;\u4e07\u90a6\u6765\u671d&#8221;\u548c&#8220;\u6c38\u4e50\u76db\u4e16&#8221;\u7684\u4e30\u529f\u4f1f\u7ee9\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u5927\u660e\u5c31\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u65e9\u5728\u516c\u51431368\u5e74\u6731\u5143\u748b\u91d1\u9675\u79f0\u5e1d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653e\u725b\u5a03\u51fa\u8eab\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u6b63\u7edf\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f00\u56fd\u5143\u52cb\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u61c2\u5f97\u6253\u51fa&#8220;\u9a71\u9010\u80e1\u864f \uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4e2d\u534e&#8221;\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5927\u65d7\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u98a0\u8986\u524d\u671d\u653f\u6743\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u541b\u7687\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u66f4\u9634\u9669\u66f4\u72e1\u8bc8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u8d77\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u7684&#8220;\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388&#8221;\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u8981\u9ad8\u660e\u591a\u5c11\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u73b0\u5b9e\u5374\u662f\u4e25\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u603b\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u68a6\u60f3\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6731\u5143\u748b&#8220;\u94c1\u8155\u60e9\u8d2a\uff0c\u4e0d\u907f\u4eb2\u6545\uff0c\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5f87\u79c1&#8221;\uff0c\u5bf9\u8150\u8d25\u5b98\u5458\u52a8\u5219\u5904\u4ee5&#8220;\u67ad\u9996&#8221;\u548c&#8220;\u5265\u76ae\u793a\u4f17&#8221;\u7b49\u4e25\u5389\u60e9\u5904\uff0c\u660e\u671d\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u8150\u8d25\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u65ad\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8d8a\u6cbb\u8d8a\u8150\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u904f\u5236\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 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style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 1627\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5927\u660e\u738b\u671d18\u5c81\u7684\u5d07\u796f\u5e1d\u6731\u7531\u68c0\uff08\u5e99\u53f7\u601d\u5b97\uff09\u7ee7\u4f4d\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u624d\u521a\u521a\u767b\u57fa\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u5e74\u534a\u3002\u5d07\u796f\u4e5f\u5c06\u548c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u4ed6\u524d\u671d\u7559\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u8363\u534e\u5bcc\u8d35\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6536\u83b7\u4ed6\u524d\u671d\u65e9\u5c31\u64ad\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u79cd\u5b50\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 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 <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u4e8c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 1625<\/span><span 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\/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u771f\u662f&#8220;\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u75c5\uff0c\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\u94b1&#8221;\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u5fa1\u7528\u987e\u95ee\u548c\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u7528\u5c3d\u4e86\u8ba1\u8c0b\uff0c&#8220;\u8def\u6865\u8d39&#8221;\uff08Tunnage &amp; Poundage\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u91cd\u91cf\u6765\u8ba1\u91cf\u6536\u8d39\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u4e0e\u4eca\u5929\u7684&#8220;\u8def\u6865\u8d39&#8221;\u7565\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c&#8212;&#8212;\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u4e5f\u6536\u4e86\uff0c&#8220;\u4e70\u5b98\u5356\u5b98&#8221;\u4e5f\u641e\u4e86\uff08\u51fa\u5356\u7687\u5ba4\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u5934\u8854\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8d8a\u662f\u53d8\u672c\u52a0\u5389\u7684\u6536\u522e\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u548c\u53cd\u6297\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u8d8a\u662f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u53bb\u7ef4\u7a33&#8212;&#8212;\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u957f\u6cbb\u4e45\u5b89\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5230\u4e861628\u5e74\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u518d\u6b21\u53ec\u96c6\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5185\u5fc3\u91cc\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e5f\u4ece\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab&#8220;\u89e3\u6563&#8221;\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u8d22\u653f\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u4e00\u76c6\u51b7\u6c34\u6d47\u706d\u4e86\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u4ed6\u8981\u4ed6\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u4e00\u5207\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u6743\u5229\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u300b\uff08Petition of Right\uff09\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u60f3\u4ece\u8bae\u4f1a\u624b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5206\u6587\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u518d\u6b21\u89e3\u6563\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 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 <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u4e09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 1640\u5e7411\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u91cd\u8d77\u7089\u7076\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u8bae\u4f1a\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u613f\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u9762\u7684&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u77ed\u8bae\u4f1a&#8221;\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u8bae\u4f1a\u65ad\u65ad\u7eed\u7eed\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u5341\u4e09\u4e2a\u5e74\u5934\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c&#8220;\u957f\u8bae\u4f1a&#8221;\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u8bae\u4f1a\u53c8\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u5462\uff1f<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u4efb\u4f55\u660f\u541b\u7684\u8eab\u8fb9\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7f3a\u5c11\u5978\u8bc8\u6076\u6bd2\u7684\u5c0f\u4eba\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u7236\u4eb2\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u8d1d\u91d1\u6c49\u516c\u7235\uff08Duke of Buckingham\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f46\u7aed\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\u6536\u522e\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u5c06\u82f1\u56fd\u62d6\u5411\u4e86\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u53d1\u751f\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002\u4ed6\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5e74\u5c31\u4e3a\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u56db\u5904\u6811\u654c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u707e\u96be\u8fde\u8fde\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u5374\u89c9\u5f97\u8d1d\u91d1\u6c49\u516c\u7235\u8d24\u80fd\u5fe0\u541b\u3002\u5f53\u8d1d\u91d1\u6c49\u516c\u7235\u88ab\u523a\u6740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u60b2\u75db\u4e07\u5206\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6700\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u3001\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u6700\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u52a0\u6218\u53cb\u9ed8\u54c0\u60bc\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u6c11\u5374\u5174\u9ad8\u91c7\u70c8\uff0c\u6b22\u5929\u559c\u5730\u7684\u6dfb\u9152\u52a0\u83dc\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u5e86\u8d3a\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u65b0\u8bae\u4f1a\u5bf9\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a&#8220;\u72d7\u817f\u5b50&#8221;\u7b97\u8d26\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4ea4\u51fa\u65af\u6cc9\u798f\u5fb7\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord Strafford\uff09\u548c\u52b3\u5fb7\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\uff08Archbishop Laud\uff09\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f9d\u6cd5\u60e9\u5904\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u75bc\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ea4\u6362\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u51fa\u5356\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e24\u4eba\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u6743\u529b\u5f80\u5f80\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d2a\u5a6a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5229\u4ee4\u667a\u660f\uff1b\u800c\u52a9\u7ea3\u4e3a\u8650\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u4e0b\u573a\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6743\u529b\u4e89\u6597\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\u800c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8df3\u697c\u3001\u6295\u6cb3\u3001\u4e0a\u540a\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u957f\u6cb3\u4e2d\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u6279\u5e76\u4e0d\u65b0\u5947\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u65af\u6cc9\u798f\u5fb7\u52cb\u7235\u6b7b\u5230\u4e34\u5934\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5199\u4fe1\u9053\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7b7e\u7f72\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b7b\u5211\u6267\u884c\u4ee4&#8230;&#8230;\u65af\u6cc9\u798f\u5fb7\u52cb\u7235\u8bfb\u540e\uff0c\u550f\u5618\u4e0d\u5df2\uff0c\u54c0\u568e\u9053\uff1a&#8220;\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u541b\u738b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea4\u4e0e\u4eba\u5b50\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5fc5\u5b9a\u65e0\u6551\u3002&#8221;\uff08\u539f\u6587\uff1a&#8220;Put not your trust in princes, nor in the sons of men, for in them there is no salvation&#8221;\uff0c\u6b64\u5904&#8220;princes&#8221;\u4e3a\u738b\u5b50\uff0c &#8220;son of man&#8221;\u6e90\u4e8e\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u300a\u65b0\u7ea6\u300b\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u91ca\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5904\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u6216\u795e\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6b64\u5904princes\uff0csons\u548cmen\u5747\u4e3a\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u4e3a\u6cdb\u6307&#8212;&#8212;\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8\u3002\uff09\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6b64\u8a00\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8b66\u53e5\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> &#8220;\u4ed6\u7684\u667a\u56ca\uff08\u65af\u6cc9\u798f\u5fb7\u52cb\u7235\u548c\u52b3\u5fb7\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\uff09\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u523a\u4f24\u4e86\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u8bae\u4f1a\u5374\u5f97\u5bf8\u8fdb\u5c3a\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u62e5\u6709&#8220;\u7edd\u5bf9\u541b\u6743&#8221;\uff08Absolute Monarchy\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba1\u5212\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u5927\u8c0f\u7ae0\u300b\uff08Grand Remonstrance\uff09\u6765\u53bb\u9664\u56fd\u738b\u624b\u4e2d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u56fd\u738b\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e5f\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e24\u96be\u7684\u5904\u5883\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u7a76\u7adf\u5e94\u8be5\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6743\u529b\uff1f\u8bae\u4f1a\u53c8\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u56fd\u738b\u624b\u4e2d\u53d6\u8d70\u591a\u5c11\u6743\u529b\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u738b\u6743\u529b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\uff08Magna Carta\uff09\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u4ee3\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u62e5\u6709\u6267\u884c\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u62e5\u6709&#8220;\u7687\u5bb6\u7279\u6743&#8221;\uff08Royal Prerogative\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5728\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fb9\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5728\u62b5\u89e6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u884c\u4f7f\u6743\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9&#8220;\u7687\u5bb6\u7279\u6743&#8221;\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7687\u5ba4\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u652f\u6301\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd8\u591a\u3002&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u771f\u76f8\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u3002\u770b\u770b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u6210\u7fa4\u7ed3\u961f\u7684&#8220;\u6bdb\u5de6&#8221;\u76fc\u671b\u6587\u9769\u91cd\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5947\u602a\u4e86\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 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\/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u6781\u6743\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d70\u5230\u5934\u7834\u8840\u6d41\u3001\u5c71\u7a77\u6c34\u5c3d\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u662f\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6df1\u523b\u53cd\u601d\u7684\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f8b\u5916\u3002&#8220;\u7531\u4e8e\u610f\u89c1\u5206\u6b67\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e4e\u5c06\u8bae\u4f1a\u90fd\u8981\u6bc1\u4e86\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u7684\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\u6293\u6355\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7528&#8216;\u5dc5\u8986\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u7f6a&#8217;\uff08\u539f\u6587traitor\uff0c\u53db\u56fd\u8005\u3002treason \u5373\u53db\u56fd\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u5dc5\u8986\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u7f6a &#8212;&#8212;\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u6765\u60e9\u6cbb\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4eb2\u81ea\u5e26\u9886\u4e86500\u540d\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u51b2\u5165\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u902e\u6355\u90a3\u4e9b\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u7684\u5934\u9886 &#8212;&#8212;\u663e\u7136\u8fd9\u662f\u72af\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f97\u5230\u901a\u98ce\u62a5\u4fe1\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u8bae\u5458\u65e9\u5c31\u95fb\u98ce\u800c\u9003\uff0c\u800c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5374\u53eb\u6765\u4e86\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8d77\u4e49\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u9003\u79bb\u4e86\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\uff08Westminster\uff09\uff0c\u6295\u5954\u5230\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u8bfa\u4e01\u6c49\uff08Nottingham\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u3002\u800c\u7687\u540e\u4ea8\u5217\u7279&#183;\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\uff08Henrietta Maria\uff09\u5219\u5e26\u7740\u7687\u5bb6\u73e0\u5b9d\u9003\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u5178\u5f53\u540e\u7528\u4ee5\u652f\u4ed8\u519b\u961f\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u770b\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u5f00\u6218\u4e86\u3002&#8221;<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span 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style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u4e94<\/span><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"><br \/> <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u82f1\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4e4b\u6b7b\u800c\u4e00\u8e74\u800c\u5c31\u3002\u6740\u4e86\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u5373\u8fce\u6765\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4f9d\u65e7\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u6587\u660e\u5b55\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8270\u8f9b\u548c\u8bde\u751f\u524d\u7684\u9635\u75db\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 1658\u5e749\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u9547\u538b\u4fdd\u7687\u6d3e\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\u5965\u5229\u5f17&#183;\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\uff08Oliver Cromwell \uff09\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u6709\u4e86\u5f97\u4ee5\u590d\u8f9f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u575b\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u751f\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7eb7\u4e89\u3001\u65b0\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u590d\u8f9f\u6709\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u57fa\u7840\u30021660\u5e745\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u65b0\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u82f1\u56fd\u518d\u906d\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u987a\u5e94\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08Charles II \uff09\u7ee7\u627f\u738b\u4f4d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u5e1d\u5236\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u901a\u8fc7\u8840\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u4e0e\u8bae\u4f1a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u5bf9\u63a8\u7ffb\u524d\u671d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e88\u4ee5\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u8840\u6d17\u30021685\u5e742\u67086\u65e5\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u7531\u5176\u5f1f\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08James II \uff09\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u6743\u529b\u603b\u662f\u50cf\u4e00\u5e16\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u6625\u836f\u548c\u6269\u6563\u4e2d\u7684\u764c\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u70ed\u5ea6\u9ad8\u6da8\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7586\u754c\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u751a\u81f3\u91cd\u65b0\u5f39\u8d77&#8220;\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388&#8221;\u7684\u8001\u8c03\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u76f4\u52301688\u5e74\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u53cd\u53db\u4ed6\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5927\u529b\u65bd\u884c\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6d41\u8840\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u6d41\u8840\u7684&#8220;\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d&#8221;\uff08The Glorious Revolution\uff09\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u5c06\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u5973\u513f\u739b\u4e3d\uff08Mary\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5a01\u5ec9\uff08William of Orange\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e3a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u738b\u540e\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u9003\u79bb\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u7687\u6743\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u7834\u5929\u8352\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u56fd\u738b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e16\u88ad\uff0c\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86&#8220;\u541b\u6743\u795e\u6388&#8221;\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u30021689\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u6b63\u5f0f\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Bill of Rights\uff09\uff0c1689\u5e7412\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u6279\u51c6\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u660e\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86&#8220;\u8bae\u4f1a\u81f3\u4e0a&#8221;\u7684\u539f\u5219&#8212;&#8212;\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u771f\u6b63\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u786e\u7acb\u7684&#8220;\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa&#8221;\uff08Constitutional Monarchy\uff09\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u5f97\u4ee5\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u68a6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e73\u5766\u3002\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5f81\u9014\u4ecd\u7136\u4efb\u91cd\u9053\u8fdc\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ece\u6b64\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u541b\u738b\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u9010\u6b65\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5c65\u884c\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u5f15\u9886\u4eba\u7c7b\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5411\u524d\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u53ca\u5176\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769\u9010\u6b65\u628a\u653f\u5e9c\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u66f4\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u66f4\u5177\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 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\/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u56de\u987e\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5f71\u54cd\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7ecf\u5f97\u8d77\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5c31\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u914d\u5339\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> 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\/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af&#183;\u57f9\u6839 \uff08Francis Bacon \uff09\uff0c1561\u5e741\u670822\u65e5\uff0d1626\u5e744\u67089\u65e5 \uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u57f9\u6839\u4eba\u751f\u8bba\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8bba\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u5927\u4e8b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8bba\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u6027\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u8bba\u300b \u3001\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u300b \u548c\u300a\u5404\u5bb6\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6279\u5224\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u51c6\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u542f\u8499\u548c\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<br \/> <br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"> \u6258\u9a6c\u65af&#183;\u970d\u5e03\u65af\uff08Thomas Hobbes \uff09\uff0c1588\u5e744\u67085\u65e5\uff0d1679\u5e7412\u67084\u65e5 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