{"id":70932,"date":"2017-02-15T16:55:00","date_gmt":"2017-02-15T16:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=70932 "},"modified":"2017-02-15T16:55:00","modified_gmt":"2017-02-15T16:55:00","slug":"70932-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=70932","title":{"rendered":"\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u7406\u6d1b\u6851\u6851\u76d6\u8bbf\u65e5\u7a81\u51fa\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u7406\u6d1b\u6851\u6851\u76d6<\/span>2<\/span>\u6708<\/span>4<\/span>\u65e5<\/span>\u62b5\u8fbe\u65e5\u672c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5728\u5404\u5730\u6d3b\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u8fde\u65e5\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u901a\u8fc7\u51fa\u5e2d\u6b22\u8fce\u9152\u4f1a\u81f4\u8f9e\u3001\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u4f1a\u8c08\u6765\u611f\u8c22\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u590d\u5174\u897f\u85cf<\/span>2500<\/span>\u5e74\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u3001\u85cf\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u897f\u85cf\u653f\u6cbb\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5e76\u62ab\u9732\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u82e6\u75db\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u8bc9\u6c42\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u89e3\u51b3\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\u548c\u8bf4\u660e\u897f\u85cf\u5bf9\u4e9a\u6d32\u3001\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4f1a\u9986\u5411\u53bb\u5e74\u7531<\/span>87<\/span>\u540d\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u7684“\u65e5\u672c\u897f\u85cf\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u8054\u76df”\u6210\u5458\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6d1b\u6851\u6851\u76d6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u671f\u5f85\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u5f00\u652f\u63f4\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u80fd\u4ee4\u66f4\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u897f\u85cf\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u5173\u5fc3\u897f\u85cf\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u4f20\u9012\u85cf\u4eba\u671f\u5f85\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6743\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8baf\u606f\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u9996\u5148\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u9053\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u56de\u5f52\u897f\u85cf\u3002\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u662f\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u85cf\u4eba\u624d\u6709\u6743\u627f\u8ba4\u8f6c\u4e16\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6d1b\u6851\u6851\u76d6\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u5e74\u79ef\u6781\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5404\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u5728\u4ed6\u56fd\u4ece\u4e8b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe<\/span>,<\/span>“\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdb\u653b\u897f\u85cf\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u7b56\u7565\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4fb5\u5360\u897f\u85cf\u65f6\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u8272\u8fbe\u5587\u8363\u5bfa\u4e94\u660e\u4f5b\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u7518\u5b5c\u4e9a\u9752\u5bfa\u6301\u7eed\u7740\u7834\u574f”\u3002\u6d1b\u6851\u6851\u76d6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u6b7b\u540e\u897f\u85cf\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u662f\u91cd\u5927\u9519\u8bef\uff0c“\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u5931\u53bb\u53f0\u6e7e\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u73b0\u5728\u91cd\u89c6\u53f0\u6e7e\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u9ad8\u626c\uff0c\u65f6\u4ee3\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u65e5\u672c\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u897f\u85cf<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u65e5\u6587\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u516c\u5143<\/span>7<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u897f\u85cf\u53e4\u4ee3\u738b\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u968b\u671d\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a“\u8543”\u7b49\u3002\u516c\u5143<\/span>842<\/span>\u5e74\u8be5\u738b\u56fd\u5d29\u6e83\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u9886\u4e3b\u5272\u636e\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e05\u671d\u96cd\u6b63\u5e74\u95f4\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u628a\u5510\u53e4\u62c9\u5c71\u8109\u4e0e\u91d1\u6c99\u6c5f\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u5730\u533a\u5f52\u4ee5\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u4e3a\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u5676\u4e39\u9887\u7ae0\u653f\u6743\u7ba1\u8f96\u3001\u4ee5\u5317\u5f52\u9752\u5b81\u529e\u4e8b\u5927\u81e3\u7ba1\u8f96\u3002\u6e05\u671d\u706d\u4ea1\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u4e00\u8d77\u8c0b\u6c42\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\u5176\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u5168\u57df\u5728\u5676\u4e39\u9887\u7ae0\u653f\u6743\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u6297\u4e89\u7edf\u72ec\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u7edf\u72ec\u6297\u4e89\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c<\/span>1950<\/span>\u5e74\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u5f00\u59cb“\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u653e\u897f\u85cf”\uff0c\u653b\u5360\u660c\u90fd\u3002<\/span>1951<\/span>\u5e74\u518d\u4ece\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u9752\u6d77\u3001\u660c\u90fd\u4e09\u9762\u653b\u5360\u62c9\u8428\u7b49\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u6d41\u8840\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u5168\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

1938<\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u3001<\/span>3<\/span>\u5c81\u65f6\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u7684\u5341\u56db\u4e16\u5728<\/span>1959<\/span>\u5e74\u6d41\u4ea1\u5370\u5ea6\u524d\uff0c\u66fe\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u5c31\u4efb\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u897f\u85cf\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u5e38\u4efb\u526f\u59d4\u5458\u957f\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7<\/span>1956<\/span>\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u5404\u5730\u8981\u6c42“\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u9769”\u3001“\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020”\u7b49\uff0c\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u9547\u538b\u3002\u5230<\/span>1958<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\u5305\u62ec\u7518\u8083\u3001\u9752\u6d77\u5728\u5185\u7684\u85cf\u4eba\u6297\u8bae\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u5148\u540e“\u6b7c\u706d”\u8fd1<\/span>14<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\u3001\u902e\u6355\u8fd1<\/span>7<\/span>\u4e07\u4eba\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u7ea6\u534a\u6570\u902e\u6355\u671f\u95f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u50e7\u4fa3\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u79f0\u6b64\u4e3a“\u5e73\u5b9a\u4e86\u53db\u4e71”\u3002\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u6279\u8bc4\u5f53\u5c40\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728<\/span>1959<\/span>\u5e74\u906d\u9047\u7ed1\u67b6\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u9003\u79bb\u897f\u85cf\u3001\u6d41\u4ea1\u5370\u5ea6\u5e76\u6784\u7b51\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span>1965<\/span>\u5e74\u628a\u897f\u85cf\u6539\u4e3a“\u897f\u85cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a”\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u897f\u85cf\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7531\u6c49\u65cf\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb\u5e76\u529b\u6c42\u540c\u5316\u85cf\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u4e0e\u85cf\u4eba\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u7531\u5236\u5ea6\u77db\u76fe\u884d\u751f\u5230\u85cf\u6c49\u6c11\u65cf\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u8d2b\u5bcc\u60ac\u6b8a\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

2008<\/span>\u5e74\u4ece\u62c9\u8428\u5f00\u59cb\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u85cf\u4eba\u6297\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6307\u8d23\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u4f7f\uff1b\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c\u79f0\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u5965\u8fd0\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u52a0\u5f3a\u9547\u538b\u85cf\u4eba\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u65b0\u7586\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\u4eba\u4e5f\u79f0\u906d\u9047\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u52a0\u5f3a\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u7586\u72ec\u8fd0\u52a8\u5347\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u65c5\u65e5\u85cf\u4eba\u3001\u6850\u836b\u6a2a\u6d5c\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u6559\u6388<\/span>Pema<\/span>·<\/span>Gyalpo<\/span>\u8bf4\uff1a“\u85cf\u72ec\u3001\u7586\u72ec\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8d28\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5c31\u662f<\/span>1949<\/span>\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u540e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u8d77\u5f3a\u884c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4fb5\u7565\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c49\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u7586\u571f\u53ea\u5360\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u571f\u7684<\/span>37%<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u5927\u3001\u4eba\u5c11\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u897f\u85cf\u65e2\u6709\u57cb\u85cf\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5929\u7136\u77ff\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6c49\u65cf\u4eba\u6e34\u6c42\u7684\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u6c34\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5730\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u3002”\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u864e\u89c6\u7708\u7708\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f3a\u9632\u5907\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u897f\u85cf\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u5e9c<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ea6\u4ece<\/span>1899<\/span>\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u897f\u85cf\u4f5b\u6559\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c<\/span>1901<\/span>\u5e74\u9996\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u50e7\u4eba\u591a\u7530\u7b49\u89c2\u5165\u85cf\uff0c\u8c12\u89c1\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u540e\u5728\u62c9\u8428\u4fee\u884c\uff1b<\/span>1911<\/span>\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u4eba\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u77e2\u5c9b\u4fdd\u5fd7\u90ce\u5165\u85cf\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u85cf\u519b\u4e8b\u987e\u95ee\uff1b<\/span>1912<\/span>\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u897f\u85cf\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u50e7\u4fa3\u9752\u6728\u6587\u6559\u5230\u62c9\u8428\u636e\u8bf4\u534f\u52a9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u85cf\u65d7“\u96ea\u5c71\u72ee\u5b50\u65d7”\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u65e5\u519b\u6276\u690d\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u52bf\u529b\u6784\u7b51\u5305\u56f4\u82cf\u5171\u3001\u4e2d\u5171\u7b49“\u9632\u5171\u56de\u5eca”\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u6d3e\u95f4\u8c0d\u5165\u85cf\u3002<\/span>1972<\/span>\u5e74\u4e2d\u65e5\u5efa\u4ea4\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5305\u62ec\u897f\u85cf\u5728\u5185\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u4f46\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u95f4\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e\u85cf\u4eba\u3001\u7ef4\u65cf\u4eba\u906d\u9047\u4e2d\u5171\u5f3a\u5236\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u897f\u85cf\u3001\u65b0\u7586\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5d07\u5c1a\u897f\u85cf\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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