{"id":71548,"date":"2017-03-09T04:58:00","date_gmt":"2017-03-09T04:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=71548 "},"modified":"2017-03-09T04:58:00","modified_gmt":"2017-03-09T04:58:00","slug":"71548-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=71548","title":{"rendered":"\u674e\u52bc\uff1a\u201c\u516d\u56db\u201d \u524d\u7684\u785d\u70df\u2014\u2014\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff08\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u5341\u5b57\u65b9\u9488\u5f81\u6587\uff09<\/span><br \/><p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"><\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mzzg.org\/UploadCenter\/ArticlePics\/2017\/9\/201738zhaoziyang.jpg\" alt=\"201738zhaoziyang.jpg (438&#215;310)\" \/><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; 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font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e8c&nbsp;&nbsp; \u653f\u6539\u8d77\u6e90<\/span><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u56db\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708, \u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u7406\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u53ec\u96c6\u4e86\u4e00\u5e2e\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u7684\u83ab\u5e72\u5c71\u5f00\u4e86\u56db\u5929\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u662f\u4e3a\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u6539\u9769\u4f5c\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u8981\u77e5\u9053, \u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u516b\u5e74\u5230\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6210\u529f, \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u4f46\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\u4ee3\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5229\u6da6\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a, \u5374\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u624b\u672f\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fbe\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u83ab\u5e72\u5c71\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316, \u8fd8\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236, \u5305\u62ec\u5e9f\u9664 &#8220;\u94c1\u996d\u7897&#8221;\uff1b&#8220;\u4e66\u8bb0\u8d23\u4efb\u5236&#8221; \u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e &#8220;\u5382\u957f\u8d23\u4efb\u5236&#8221;\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f15\u8fdb\u7ade\u4e89\u673a\u5236\u548c\u4ee5\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u8282\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e2d\u592e\u8c03\u63a7\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ee4\u672c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b0\u50ac\u5316\u5242, \u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u662f\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u521d, \u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u66f4\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u5730\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\u7531\u5404\u754c\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005, \u5982\u82cf\u7ecd\u667a, \u4e25\u5bb6\u5176\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8e0a\u8dc3\u53d1\u8a00, \u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5404\u81ea\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u672c\u6b21\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\u5e76\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2d\u5171\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u53c2\u4e0e, \u4f46\u5b83\u5907\u53d7\u515a\u5185\u5f00\u660e\u6d3e, \u5982\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633, \u4e07\u91cc, \u7530\u7eaa\u4e91\u7b49, \u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u5b9e\u6743\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5219\u5bf9 &#8220;\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769&#8221;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70ed\u95e8\u8bdd\u9898\u6001\u5ea6\u66a7\u6627\u3002\u8868\u9762\u4e0a, \u9093\u5bf9\u653f\u6539\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u81ea\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765, \u4ed6\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u91cc\u8868\u793a, \u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8fd8\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u6539, \u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u6539\u7684\u8f85\u52a9, \u7ecf\u6539\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u3002\u800c\u9093\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u611f\u53d7\u5219\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e03\u5e74\u56db\u6708, \u80e1\u4e54\u6728, \u8584\u4e00\u6ce2\u7b49\u4e2d\u5171\u5de6\u6d3e\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u5dde\u4f1a\u8bae, \u8be5\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e58\u7740\u5f00\u660e\u6d3e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u4e0b\u53f0\u4e4b\u673a\u800c\u70ae\u51fb\u9093\u7684\u7ecf\u6539\u53ca\u9f13\u5439\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u8d70\u56de\u6bdb\u5f0f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u4f5c\u5dde\u4f1a\u8bae\u5bf9\u9093\u51b2\u51fb\u751a\u5927, \u9093\u611f\u5230\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u6781\u5927, \u8db3\u4ee5\u6467\u6bc1\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u516b\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u5fc3\u8840, \u73b0\u5728\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u706d\u4e00\u706d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c14\u7130\u4e86\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u521a\u521a\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\u641e\u653f\u6539\u4e4b\u65f6, \u4ed6\u7684\u5185\u5b9a\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u548c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u515a\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u8fd8\u672a\u56e0\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u5e95\u7684\u5b66\u8fd0\u4e0b\u53f0, \u4f46\u9093\u5374\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u7406\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e3b\u7ba1\u653f\u6539\u4e13\u6848\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d75\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df, \u800c\u80e1\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u65e0\u7591\u4ee4\u4eba\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u516b\u516d\u5b66\u8fd0\u4e4b\u524d, \u9093\u5df2\u5bf9\u80e1\u8d77\u7591\u5fc3\u800c\u6709\u610f\u63d0\u643a\u8d75\u53d6\u4ee3\u80e1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9093\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u81ea\u5df1\u4eb2\u81ea\u64cd\u5200\u653f\u6539\u8fd9\u6837\u4e8b\u5173\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u9879\u76ee, \u5176\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9093\u5145\u5206\u660e\u767d\u5230\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u822c\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u53c2\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u9769\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u51fa\u9762\u66ff\u4ed6\u884c\u4e8b, \u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\u662f\u9093\u4e00\u8d2f\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4f5c\u98ce\uff1a\u4ece\u4e0e\u534e\u56fd\u950b\u7684\u4e89\u6743\u5230\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u7684\u4e0b\u53f0; \u4ece\u516b\u516b\u5e74\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6539\u9769\u5230\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684 &#8220;\u516d\u56db&#8221; \u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u9093\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u660e\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0d\u96be\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u81ea\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u516b\u5e74\u9093\u638c\u4e2d\u5171\u5b9e\u6743\u4ee5\u6765\u4ece\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u62c5\u4efb\u4efb\u4f55\u515a\u56fd\u8981\u52a1 (\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\u9664\u5916), \u800c\u4e00\u76f4\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e &#8220;\u5782\u5e18\u542c\u653f&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u4e03, \u516b\u6708\u95f4, \u6bcf\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5317\u6234\u6cb3\u4e2d\u5171\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a, \u9093\u5c0f\u5e73, \u80e1\u8000\u90a6, \u8d75\u7d2b\u9633, \u80e1\u542f\u7acb, \u674e\u5148\u5ff5, \u9648\u4e91, \u5f6d\u771f\u548c\u6768\u5c1a\u6606\u7b49\u4eba, \u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u4e5d\u6708\u4efd\u7531\u653f\u534f\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8d1f\u8d23\u8d77\u8349\u653f\u6539\u5927\u7eb2\u3002\u4e94\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7531\u4e09\u4f4d\u5f00\u660e\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb (\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633, \u80e1\u542f\u7acb, \u7530\u7eaa\u4e91) \u548c\u4e24\u4f4d &#8220;\u8001\u9769\u547d&#8221; (\u8584\u4e00\u6ce2, \u5f6d\u51b2) \u7ec4\u6210, \u5c0f\u7ec4\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u968f\u540e\u5728\u5e74\u5e95\u7ed9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5448\u9012\u6700\u521d\u7684\u653f\u6539\u5927\u7eb2\u8fc7\u76ee, \u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b66\u8fd0\u548c &#8220;\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316&#8221; \u95ee\u9898\u4ee4\u9093\u795e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u654f, \u4ed6\u56e0\u800c\u5bf9\u521d\u7a3f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9, \u4f8b\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u5236\u8861 (system of checks and balances), \u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u8d75\u5728\u516b\u4e03\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u518d\u5ea6\u4fee\u6539, \u4f46\u9093\u53c8\u518d\u5426\u51b3\u3002\u51e0\u7ecf\u6ce2\u6298, \u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5b9a\u7a3f\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e03\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u7684\u4e03\u5c4a\u5341\u4e8c\u6b21\u653f\u534f\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4ee5\u591a\u7968\u901a\u8fc7, \u800c\u8fd9\u5b9a\u7a3f\u5728\u968f\u540e\u5341\u6708\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5341\u4e09\u6b21\u515a\u4ee3\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u5f00\u5e55\u81f4\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u81f3\u6b64, \u653f\u6539\u5927\u7eb2\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4ece\u5e55\u540e\u8d70\u5230\u4e86\u5e55\u524d\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u8fd9\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f00\u5e55\u81f4\u8bcd\u4e0a, \u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u9996\u4e2a\u515a\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u516c\u5f00\u786e\u8ba4\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u8d75\u5728\u5f00\u5e55\u81f4\u8bcd\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6539\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u5176\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u65b9\u6848, \u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u7565\u7684\u5927\u7eb2, \u7b80\u77ed\u5730\u52fe\u753b\u51fa\u653f\u6539\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\u3002\u653f\u6539\u5927\u7eb2\u603b\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u4e03\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762: (1) \u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00 (\u6216\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5de5<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">); (2) <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e0b\u653e\u6743\u529b\u5230\u57fa\u5c42; (3) \u6539\u9769\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784; (4) \u6539\u9769\u5e72\u90e8\u4eba\u4e8b\u5236\u5ea6; (5) \u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u534f\u5546\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5236\u5ea6; (6) \u5b8c\u5584\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5236\u5ea6; (7) \u52a0\u5f3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cd5\u5236\u5efa\u8bbe\u30021 \u5728\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0, \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u653f\u6539\u65b9\u6848\u7edd\u975e\u5373\u5c06\u8981\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u653f\u6539\u5185\u5bb9, \u800c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e66\u8fdc\u6bd4\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bb2\u8bdd\u6765\u5f97\u610f\u4e49\u6df1\u8fdc\u548c\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e09&nbsp;&nbsp; \u653f\u6539\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u653f\u6539\u5927\u7eb2\u540e, \u4e94\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u8fd0\u4f5c, \u800c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u653f\u6539\u7b56\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d, \u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u66f4\u501a\u91cd\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4e00\u5e2e\u667a\u56ca\u56e2\u6210\u5458, \u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3002\u4e3a\u4f55\u8d75\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5982\u6b64\u654f\u611f\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e0a\u4f9d\u9760\u4e00\u7fa4\u975e\u4e2d\u5171\u6b63\u7edf\u5b98\u50da\u6765\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u8c0b\u5212\u7b56? \u7b54\u6848\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u96be\u627e\u5230\u3002\u9996\u5148, \u8d75\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u5357\u6d77\u8001\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c, \u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u96f6\u5e74\u56e0\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u63d0\u643a\u5165\u4e3b\u4e2d\u592e\u524d, \u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u591a\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u62c5\u4efb\u5404\u79cd\u515a\u52a1\u8981\u804c, \u8d75\u5148\u5929\u6027\u5730\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e2d\u592e\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u5176\u6b21, \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u524d\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u7406\u6216\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0, \u8d75\u7684\u5b98\u8854\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u9093, \u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5171\u5de6\u6d3e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u804c\u8d23\u548c\u4fdd\u7559\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027, \u8d75\u56e0\u800c\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5b98\u50da\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u667a\u56ca\u56e2\u6765\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6548\u529b\u3002\u8be5\u667a\u56ca\u56e2\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7279\u70b9\u662f: \u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50; \u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u8d75\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u505a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f1e\u7b56\u52a8\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u7814\u7a76; \u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e00\u5207\u7e41\u7410\u7a0b\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u57fa\u5c42\u4e8b\u52a1\u53cd\u6620\u7ed9\u8d75\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728\u957f\u8fbe\u4e24\u5e74\u534a\u7684\u653f\u6539\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d, \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u6700\u9ad8\u5b9e\u6743\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4ece\u672a\u516c\u5f00\u8fc7\u95ee\u653f\u6539\u8fdb\u7a0b, \u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u516c\u5f00\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a (\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79c1\u4e0b\u4ed6\u6781\u4e3a\u5173\u6ce8)\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6539\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5219\u7ecf\u5e38\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6539\u4f1a\u8bae, \u5e76\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8a00\u548c\u4f5c\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u793a, \u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u4ece\u672a\u5bf9\u5404\u9879\u8bae\u9898\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba (\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u667a\u56ca\u56e2\u6210\u5458) \u5728\u8d77\u8349\u653f\u6539\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u653f\u6539\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8d75\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u9c8d\u5f64, \u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u526f\u90e8\u957f; \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u4e25\u5bb6\u5176\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u653f\u6539\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u7b51\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u4f46\u81ea\u4ece\u4e25\u5bb6\u5176\u548c\u4ed6\u592b\u4eba\u9ad8\u768b\u5408\u8457\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5341\u5e74\u53f2\u300b\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e03\u5e74\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u67e5\u7981\u540e, \u4e25\u4fbf\u88ab\u505c\u6b62\u51fa\u5e2d\u6240\u6709\u653f\u6539\u4f1a\u8bae\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5b8c\u5168\u9000\u51fa\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e25\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u653f\u6539\u6301\u6709\u66f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u548c\u66f4\u897f\u5316\u7684\u7acb\u573a, \u8fd9\u7acb\u573a\u4e0e\u9c8d\u5f64\u548c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684 &#8220;\u4e2d\u5eb8&#8221; \u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c, \u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cc\u65b9\u51b3\u88c2\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4eba\u5916, \u6309\u5434\u56fd\u5149\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5, \u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5927\u7ea6\u8fd8\u6709\u56db\u5341\u4e2a\u6210\u5458, \u800c\u8be5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5e76\u975e\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633, \u800c\u662f\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u30022 \u9664\u4e86\u9c8d\u5f64, \u5468\u6d01\u548c\u8d3a\u5149\u8f89\u5916, \u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5e74\u9f84\u4ecb\u4e4e\u4e09\u5341\u81f3\u56db\u5341, \u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u5728\u6587\u9769\u540e\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5355\u4f4d, \u4f8b\u5982\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784, \u5927\u5b66, \u62a5\u793e, \u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u7814\u7a76\u6240, \u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u52a0\u5165\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u515a\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5438\u7eb3\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027, \u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5230\u6b65\u65f6\u95f4\u5148\u540e\u6709\u522b\u3002\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u62d4\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5b98\u50da\u9009\u4eba\u5236, \u6309\u7167\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u6027\u8d28, \u4efb\u52a1, \u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u4f4d\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u58eb\u5206\u914d\u5176\u4e2d, \u4f8b\u5982\u9648\u798f\u4eca\u548c\u674e\u4e39\u94a2\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u7531\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u63d0\u540d, \u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef, \u4f8b\u5982\u4e25\u5bb6\u5176\u548c\u5434\u56fd\u5149\u7684\u5f55\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u9c8d\u5f64\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; 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font-size: 12pt;\">\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0, \u6709\u4e24\u5927\u6d3e\u522b\u5728\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u6b67: \u9c8d\u5f64\u548c\u4e25\u5bb6\u5176\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e24\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u9c8d\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u5171\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387, \u66f4\u5f97\u6c11\u5fc3\u7684\u5217\u5b81\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a, \u4ed6\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0&#8212;&#8212;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u4f73\u7684\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u4f46\u4e25\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd, \u4ed6\u8feb\u5207\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u5171\u6446\u8131\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u98ce, \u5305\u62ec\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4e24\u6d3e\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c, \u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e03\u5e74\u7684\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; 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font-size: 12pt;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5927\u529b\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6709\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u56e0\u6b64\u6298\u8877\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u57fa\u5c42, \u800c\u5728\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e2d\u4ecd\u662f\u515a\u5927\u4e8e\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u4f46\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6539\u62a5\u544a\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u662f\u542b\u6df7\u5730\u8868\u793a, \u6240\u8c13\u515a\u653f\u5206\u5f00\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5f3a\u515a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u800c\u975e\u524a\u5f31\u5b83\u30023<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\u4e0b\u7684\u591a\u515a\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u653f\u6539\u4e2d\u663e\u7136\u53ea\u60f3\u628a\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u653f\u515a\u4f5c\u4e3a &#8220;\u6c11\u4e3b&#8221; \u88c5\u9970\u800c\u62ac\u51fa\u6765\u5ba3\u4f20, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u515a\u6d3e\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516b\u5e74\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u591a\u8fbe\u4e00\u5343\u4e5d\u767e\u4e2a, \u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6210\u5458\u4eba\u6570\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u62e5\u6709\u56db\u5343\u56db\u767e\u4e07\u515a\u5458\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u6297\u8861\u30024 \u5341\u4e09\u5927\u540e\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u5c0f\u653f\u515a\u7684\u53c2\u653f\u5927\u95e8\u6709\u6240\u653e\u5bbd, \u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5171\u4e00\u4e89\u5929\u4e0b, \u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u4e2d\u5171\u8bf4\u4e86\u7b97\u3002\u53e6\u5916, \u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8fd8\u63d0\u8bae\u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf: \u4ee5\u6cd5\u6cbb<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\"> (rule of law) <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4ee3\u66ff\u4eba\u6cbb (rule of man) \u3002\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u5904, \u81ea\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u593a\u6743\u4ee5\u6765, \u6240\u6709\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u7531\u4e2d\u5171\u5236\u5b9a, \u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6743\u4e5f\u5f52\u4e2d\u5171\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5728\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\u4e0b\u6c38\u8fdc\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u515a\u6cbb\u6216\u4eba\u6cbb\u3002\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f, \u653f\u6539\u91cc\u6709\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u8d75\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e0b\u53f0\u540e\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u8d2f\u5f7b, \u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u5e72\u90e8\u5236\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5236\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u8c08\u8bba\u4e4b\u8bdd\u9898\u6839\u672c\u4e0e\u653f\u6539\u65e0\u5173<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u51c6, \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516b\u5e74\u4ef7\u683c\u6539\u9769\u5f15\u8d77\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f, \u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f1a\u8bae\u7531\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u4ece\u672a\u8c08\u8bba\u6539\u9769\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u548c\u5f15\u8fdb\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u6d89\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u5546\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a, \u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u56db&nbsp;&nbsp; \u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u58f0\u79f0\u5176\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u653f\u6539\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5168\u9762\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u9769, \u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ece\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u770b\u6765, \u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u672f, \u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u75db\u4e0d\u75d2\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6539\u9769\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8d75\u7684\u653f\u6539\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u515a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387, \u7b80\u5316\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784, \u548c\u524a\u51cf\u81c3\u5458\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e66\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u5f15\u8fdb\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236, \u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531, \u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb, \u548c\u591a\u515a\u5236\u7b49\u98ce\u9a6c\u725b\u4e0d\u76f8\u53ca\u3002\u8bf4\u7a7f\u4e86, \u8d75\u5728\u653f\u6539\u91cc\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u5b98\u50da\u91cc\u7684\u53cd\u8150\u8d25\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u516b\u5e74\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4ee5\u6765, \u5546\u54c1\u5316\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5df2\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765, \u88ab\u5404\u4e2a\u57fa\u5c42\u5e72\u90e8\u6240\u5229\u7528, \u5e76\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e, \u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u548c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u60f3\u501f\u653f\u6539\u6765\u904f\u6b62\u8fd9\u80a1\u52bf\u5934\u3002\u4f46\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u4e0a\u5386\u6b21\u53cd\u8150\u8fd0\u52a8\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u9635\u98ce&#8212;&#8212;\u6765\u53c8\u5feb, \u53bb\u53c8\u5feb, \u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a, \u5728\u8d75\u4e8e &#8220;\u516d\u56db&#8221; 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6 \u8d75\u7684\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7531\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u5bf9\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u7f6e\u82e5\u7f54\u95fb\u3002\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd, \u4e00\u6761\u9e3f\u6c9f\u6a2a\u5728\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u548c\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u9e3f\u6c9f\u7684\u88c2\u75d5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927, \u4e24\u6d3e\u4eba\u9a6c\u4ece\u4e0d\u6c9f\u901a, \u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u653f, \u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u5728\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u60e8\u5267\u4e2d\u8868\u9732\u65e0\u9057\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u91cc\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5458\u5434\u56fd\u5149\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u8d75\u653f\u6539\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d, \u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d5e\u626c\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ed3\u675f\u4e13\u5236\u548c\u5f00\u59cb\u591a\u515a\u5236\u7684\u6784\u60f3, \u4f46\u6b63\u5982Merle Goldman \u6240\u8a00: &#8220;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee5\u5938\u5927\u653f\u6539\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u503e\u5411\u6765\u53d6\u5f97\u6d77\u5916\u5bf9\u8d75\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002&#8221; 7 \u5f53\u8d75\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u8c08\u53ca\u4ed6\u5bf9\u662f\u6b21\u653f\u6539\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u65f6\u8bf4: &#8220;\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5171\u662f\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u6210\u4e3a\u6267\u653f\u515a, \u800c\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5171\u600e\u6837\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002&#8221; 8 \u8fd9\u79cd\u51fa\u81ea\u8d75\u4e4b\u53e3\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u653f\u6539\u7684\u6027\u8d28&#8212;&#8212;\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5316\u6574\u987f, \u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u653f\u6539\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a0d\u5fae\u653e\u677e\u5bf9\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u63a7\u5236, \u4f46\u65e0\u610f\u653e\u5f03\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f; \u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u9002\u5ea6\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb, \u4f46\u7edd\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743; 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font-size: 12pt;\">\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u653f\u6539\u7eaf\u5c5e\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8c08\u5175, \u4ed6\u4ece\u672a\u5c06\u65b9\u6848\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u65bd, \u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u672c\u6b21\u653f\u6539\u8fd8\u672a\u5f00\u59cb\u4e5f\u672a\u66fe\u5931\u8d25 (\u9664\u4e86\u8d75\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u5931\u8d25\u5916)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64, \u4f46\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u653f\u6539\u786e\u5b9e\u89e6\u53ca\u4e2d\u5171\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7b49\u654f\u611f\u8bdd\u9898, \u548c\u5bf9\u515a\u5185\u5b98\u50da\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5f53\u653f\u6539\u51c6\u5907\u5168\u76d8\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\u65f6, \u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u6625\u590f\u4e4b\u4ea4\u7684\u5b66\u8fd0\u4ee4\u8fd9\u60f3\u6cd5\u843d\u7a7a\uff0c\u653f\u6539\u65b9\u6848\u91cc\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u4e5f\u5728\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u88ab\u5de6\u6d3e\u5229\u7528\u6765\u52a0\u7f6a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u672c\u6b21\u653f\u6539\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u96be\u9009\u62e9, &#8220;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u63a8\u5012\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u5e76\u4ee5\u591a\u515a\u5236\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4efb\u52a1, \u6291\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u4e2d\u5171\u7edf\u6cbb\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027, \u800c\u4ee4\u5b83\u5b58\u6d3b\u5343\u79cb\u4e07\u4ee3\u7684\u6539\u826f\u65b9\u6848? \u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u662f\u524d\u8005, \u800c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5219\u770b\u4e2d\u540e\u8005\u3002&#8221; 9 \u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5219\u4ecb\u4e4e\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4, \u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u4f53 (authoritarianism), \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u771f\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e86, \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u8a00\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6cbf\u7740\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u4e4b\u9053\u8def\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb, \u51c6\u5907\u8fce\u63a5\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f7b\u5e95\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa, \u6709\u4e00\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u672c\u6b21\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u653f\u6539\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1&#8212;&#8212;&#8220;\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49&#8221; (neo-authoritarianism), \u5b83\u5374\u5728\u5434\u56fd\u5149\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u88ab\u6545\u610f\u63a9\u76d6\u3002\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u9ed8\u8bb8\u4e0b, \u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u667a\u56ca\u56e2\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458 (\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u9c8d\u5f64\u548c\u5434\u56fd\u5149\u7b49\u4eba) \u63a8\u52a8\u3002\u8d75\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u62e5\u6234\u5145\u5206\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ed6\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u897f\u65b9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005, \u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u5112\u6559\u4e4b &#8220;\u660e\u541b&#8221; \u7684\u63a8\u5d07\u4eba\u3002\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e24\u4f4d\u5e74\u9752\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u53d1\u660e, \u5206\u522b\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5f20\u5175\u4e5d\u548c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6210\u5458\u5434\u7a3c\u7965, \u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u8d75\u7684\u5fc3\u8179\u548c\u667a\u56ca\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u3002\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u65e9\u5192\u8d77\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74, \u800c\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516b\u5e74\u5b83\u5df2\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u8857\u77e5\u5df7\u95fb\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u72ec\u88c1\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u539f\u5219\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u9996\u5148, \u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5e0c\u671b\u7c4d\u6b64\u91cd\u5efa\u515a\u5185\u5728\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f (1949-1957) \u76db\u884c\u7684 &#8220;\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236&#8221; , \u4f46\u8fd9 &#8220;\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236&#8221; \u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u65e0\u5173, \u5b83\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\u4e0b\u7684 &#8220;\u534f\u5546&#8221; \u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5176\u6b21, \u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u628a &#8220;\u6743\u5a01&#8221; \u4e8c\u5b57\u62bc\u5728\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633, \u800c\u975e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u515a\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0a, \u5b83\u660e\u663e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d75\u7684\u667a\u56ca\u56e2\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6297\u5176\u5bf9\u624b, \u4f8b\u5982\u674e\u9e4f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u5171\u5de6\u6d3e\uff0c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6700\u540e, \u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u4e1c\u6b27\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c11\u4e3b\u5148\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769, \u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2d\u56fd\u9700\u5728\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u5f3a\u6743\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u4e0b\u5148\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5176\u7406\u7531\u5f88\u7b80\u5355: \u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u843d\u540e\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a; \u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6587\u76f2\u9636\u5c42; \u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6b20\u7f3a\uff0c\u4ee4\u6c11\u4e3b\u5bf9\u73b0\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5962\u4f88, \u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e94\u63a8\u81f3\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002\u667a\u56ca\u56e2\u751a\u81f3\u5f3a\u8c03, \u73b0\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u6700\u5927\u5a01\u80c1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u5171\u5de6\u6d3e, \u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6765\u81ea\u515a\u5916\u7684\u897f\u5316\u5206\u5b50, \u56e0\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8fc7\u65e9\u5f15\u8fdb\u53ea\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f15\u8d77\u6df7\u4e71\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u7528\u5357\u97e9, \u65b0\u52a0\u5761, \u53f0\u6e7e\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u4f5c\u4f8b\u5b50, \u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6709\u667a\u56ca\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u751a\u81f3\u62c9\u51fa\u5f53\u65f6\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b, \u6307\u51fa\u6208\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u4f73\u7684\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u699c\u6837&#8212;&#8212;\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6743\u529b\u529b\u6392\u4f17\u8bae, \u5927\u5200\u9614\u65a7\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4f53\u5236\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e2d\u5171\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u5bf9\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u8bcd\u6301\u8511\u89c6\u6001\u5ea6, \u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e9a\u6d32\u56db\u5c0f\u9f99\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6bd4\u8f83, \u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7edf\u6cbb\u800c\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u66f4\u52a0\u5bf9\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u4e00\u8bf4\u55e4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9f3b, \u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6570\u4f8b\u5b50\u5df2\u5145\u5206\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u7684 &#8220;\u4e13\u653f\u660e\u541b&#8221; \u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6700\u540e\u53d8\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u88c1\u8005, \u6216\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9 &#8220;\u660e\u541b&#8221; \u7684\u6539\u9769\u89e6\u52a8\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u88ab\u56f4\u653b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0b\u53f0 (\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e0d\u5e78\u88ab\u7a0d\u540e\u8d75\u7684\u4e0b\u573a\u800c\u5370\u8bc1) \u3002\u5f02\u89c1\u4eba\u58eb\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d75\u7684\u8fd9\u5957\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u72ec\u88c1, \u4e00\u79cd\u62ab\u7740 &#8220;\u6c11\u4e3b&#8221; \u5916\u8863\u7684\u65b0\u5f0f\u4e13\u5236, \u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u897f\u5316, \u800c\u662f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5316\u3002\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u5bf9\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u53d1\u6cc4\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u6c11\u8fd0, \u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u8d70\u4e0a\u8857\u5934\u6297\u8bae\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u4e13\u6743\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4e0d\u540c, \u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u5e76\u975e\u9488\u5bf9\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u548c\u674e\u9e4f, \u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5374\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u6781\u5ea6\u5931\u671b\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633&#8212;&#8212;\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u672c\u5e94\u662f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u515a\u5185\u6c11\u4e3b, \u52a0\u5feb\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5f00\u660e\u6d3e\u4eba\u7269, \u5c31\u50cf\u751f\u524d\u7684\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728 &#8220;\u516d\u56db&#8221; \u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e, \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u653f\u6539\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u88ab\u6e05\u6d17\uff1a\u6709\u7684\u88ab\u5224\u5211 (\u9c8d\u5f64); \u6709\u7684\u53bb\u56fd\u6000\u4e61 (\u4e25\u5bb6\u5176, \u9648\u4e00\u8c18, \u548c\u5434\u56fd\u5149); \u6709\u7684\u88ab\u8d2c\u6216\u8f6c\u8c03\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u5355\u4f4d (\u8d3a\u5149\u8f89, \u9648\u798f\u4eca\u7b49)\u3002\u81ea\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e, \u5404\u6563\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u76f4\u8a00, \u800c\u4e14\u629b\u5f03\u81ea\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u5f53\u653f\u6539\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u5c31\u4e00\u8d77\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5ff5&#8212;&#8212;\u5728\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u653f\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u9053\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633, \u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u65e0\u6240\u754f\u60e7\u6216\u4e0d\u518d\u62c5\u4efb\u4efb\u4f55\u804c\u4f4d, \u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u6df1\u6df1\u5931\u671b\u6216 &#8220;\u516d\u56db&#8221; \u60ca\u9192\u4e86\u4ed6, \u4ed6\u5168\u7136\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u8d5e\u540c\u897f\u65b9\u5f0f\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u8d75\u4e0d\u518d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u515a\u9886\u8896\u624d\u80fd\u6551\u4e2d\u56fd, \u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4, \u653f\u6539\u548c\u5b66\u8fd0\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4ee4\u4ed6\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u4ed6\u5927\u534a\u751f\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u653f\u6539\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f15\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b, \u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u884c\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u96c6\u6743\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u5316, \u4ece\u800c\u7ed9\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7559\u4e0b\u501f\u53e3\u65e5\u540e\u5bf9\u8d75\u8fdb\u884c\u62a5\u590d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762, \u662f\u6b21\u653f\u6539\u7684\u5c40\u9650; \u5b83\u7684\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316; \u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1&#8212;&#8212;\u65b0\u6743\u5a01\u4e3b\u4e49, \u90fd\u4ee4\u897f\u5316\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u6781\u5ea6\u4e0d\u6ee1, \u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u516d\u56db\u4e4b\u65f6\u8d70\u4e0a\u8857\u5934\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u6297\u8bae\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e0e\u8d75\u4e0d\u540c, \u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u5728\u5176\u4efb\u5185 (1980-87) \u4ece\u672a\u9886\u5bfc\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u5317\u4eac\u4e4b\u6625\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8fd9\u6b21\u653f\u6539, \u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u5b66\u8fd0\u884c\u5217\u3002\u5b9e\u8bdd\u5b9e\u8bf4, \u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u653f\u6539\u98ce\u6ce2, \u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684\u4e0b\u573a\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e03\u5e74\u7684\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u4e00\u6837\u5730\u6e29\u548c\u6536\u573a\u3002 <\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u6ce8\u91ca:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">1, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633: &lt;\u6cbf\u7740\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u524d\u8fdb&#8212;&#8212;\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u62a5\u544a&gt;, \u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7f51 (\u65b0\u534e\u7f51), <a href=\"http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/ziliao\/2003-01\/20\/content_697061.htm\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/ziliao\/2003-01\/20\/content_697061.htm<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">2, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5434\u56fd\u5149: \u300a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u300b (\u9999\u6e2f: \u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">, 1997), <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u9875 35\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">3, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633: &lt;\u6cbf\u7740\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u524d\u8fdb&#8212;&#8212;\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u62a5\u544a&gt;\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7f51 (\u65b0\u534e\u7f51), <a href=\"http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/ziliao\/2003-01\/20\/content_697061.htm\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/ziliao\/2003-01\/20\/content_697061.htm<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">4, James M. Ethridge, China&#8217;s Unfinished Revolution: Problems and Prospects since Mao (San Francisco: China Books &amp; Periodicals, 1990), 36.<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">5, Fang Lizhi, Bringing down the Great Wall: Writings on Science, Culture, and<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Democracy in China, trans. James Williams (New York: Knopf, 1991), 130.<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">6, Richard Baum, Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), 223.<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">7, Merle Goldman, Sowing the Seeds of Democracy in China: Political Reform in the Deng Xiaoping Era (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1994), 233.<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">8, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5434\u56fd\u5149: \u300a\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u300b (\u9999\u6e2f: \u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">, 1997), <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u9875 151\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">9, Benedict Stavis, China&#8217;s Political Reforms: An Interim Report (New York: Praeger, 1988), 61.<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&lt;div&gt;\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u7684\u653f\u6539\u662f\u5728\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u4e25\u5bc6\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0b, \u5e76\u8981\u5176\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e13\u653f\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4e0d\u7559\u4efb\u4f55\u4f59\u5730\u7ed9\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236, \u4f46\u8d75\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u4e0a\u4ecd\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u53ef\u662f, \u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u516d\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u653f\u6539\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u515a\u5185\u6216\u515a\u5916\u90fd\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5185\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u6765\u8bf4, \u8d75\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u592a\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u51b2\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u7684, \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u4e86\u524a\u5f31\u4ed6\u4eec\u5730\u4f4d\u7684 &amp;#8220;\u9634\u8c0b\uff02\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u515a\u5916\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d75\u7684\u653f\u6539\u53c8\u592a\u4fdd\u5b88\u3002\u800c\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u5916\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u653f\u6539\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53c8\u5f62\u6210\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c\u4e24\u6d3e\u4eba\u9a6c\u4ece\u4e0d\u6c9f\u901a, \u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u653f, \u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u5728\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u60e8\u5267\u4e2d\u8868\u9732\u65e0\u9057\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6539\u9769\u6ca1\u80fd\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u6709\u6548\u529b\u91cf\u800c\u7ec8\u81f3\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u539f\u56e0\u3002&lt;\/div&gt;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,153],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-first","category-democratization-10words","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71548","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=71548"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71548\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=71548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=71548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=71548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}