{"id":71723,"date":"2017-03-16T04:58:00","date_gmt":"2017-03-16T04:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=71723 "},"modified":"2017-03-16T04:58:00","modified_gmt":"2017-03-16T04:58:00","slug":"71723-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=71723","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u5e73\uff1a\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f3a\u5175\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u9769\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u5417\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u6211\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u4e4b\u4e8c\u3001\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"line-height:150%\"><br style=\"font-size: 12pt;\" \/><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mzzg.org\/UploadCenter\/ArticlePics\/2017\/10\/2017315yangwuyundong22.gif\" alt=\"2017315yangwuyundong22.gif (288&#215;214)\" \/><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7247\uff09<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><br \/><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">1<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u6279\u5224\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5904\uff0c\u5373\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\u3002\u5728\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u5174\u8d77\u4e4b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7acb\u5baa\u6539\u9769\uff1f\u518d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u884c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f3a\u5175\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u6539\u9769\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\uff1f\u4e13\u5236\u4f53\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f3a\u5175\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u653f\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u6539\u9769\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6709\u5185\u5728\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u6539\u9769\u653f\u4f53\u4e4b\u9700\u8981\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u56e2\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u519c\u8015\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u81f3\u79e6\u5960\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u7687\u6743\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u7684\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u5927\u81f4\u672a\u53d8\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5386\u671d\u5386\u4ee3\u7684\u5386\u7ec3\uff0c\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5957\u4f53\u5236\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5176\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u519c\u8015\u6587\u660e\u6700\u9ad8\u6700\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u897f\u65b9\u5de5\u4e1a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u5176\u5c06\u5468\u800c\u590d\u59cb\u5730\u5faa\u73af\u8fd0\u8f6c\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5de5\u4e1a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u95ef\u5165\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e09\u5343\u5e74\u672a\u6709\u4e4b\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6&#8212;&#8212;\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u81ea\u7136\u519c\u8015\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u672a\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u751f\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u6311\u6218\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u653f\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u6f5c\u5728\u6311\u6218\u7687\u6743\u7684\u662f\u6c49\u65cf\u7cbe\u82f1\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ee1\u65cf\u638c\u63e1\u7687\u6743\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\u7cbe\u82f1\u76f8\u5bf9\u53d7\u5230\u538b\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u6c49\u65cf\u7cbe\u82f1\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u5219\u5728\u5e73\u5b9a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6ee1\u6e05\u5219\u88ab\u6c49\u65cf\u7cbe\u82f1\u96c6\u56e2\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u540e\u8bdd\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u82f1\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e\u8d35\u65cf\u53ca\u65b0\u5174\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8981\u6c42\u9650\u5236\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff1b\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u85e9\u9600\u52bf\u529b\u6311\u6218\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6743\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\uff0c\u62e5\u5929\u7687\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e4b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u5c01\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u4e5f\u672a\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5b98\u540f\u5747\u662f\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u96c7\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6311\u6218\u7687\u6743\u3002\u518d\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6216\u8bf4\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u800c\u6b64\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u79e6\u4fbf\u5927\u81f4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">1840<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5148\u8d24\u4eec\u5373\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u5343\u53e4\u672a\u6709\u4e4b\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4e60\u897f\u65b9\u3002\u5982\u6797\u5219\u5f90\u5c31\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c0d\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u5247\u6301\u5f00\u653e\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c&#8220;\u5b78\u5176\u512a\u800c\u7528\u4e4b&#8221;\uff1b\u63d0\u51fa&#8220;\u5e2b\u5937\u9577\u6280\u4ee5\u5236\u5937&#8221;\uff1b\u5e76\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u884c\uff0c\u8d2d\u7f6e\u5927\u70ae\uff0c\u4eff\u9020\u5feb\u8239\uff0c\u641c\u96c6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6709\u5173\u897f\u65b9&#8220;\u575a\u8239\u5229\u70ae&#8221;\u56fe\u7eb8\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u8bbe\u60f3\u5efa\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d77\u519b\uff1b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4eba\u7ffb\u8bd1\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u62a5\u520a\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u5982<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">1836<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u4f26\u6566\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u7406\u5927\u5168\u300b&#8212;&#8212;\u300a\u56db\u6d32\u5fd7\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5404\u56fd\u5f8b\u4f8b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5bf9\u534e\u8d38\u6613\u7f6a\u8fc7\u8bba\u300b\u3001\u300a\u534e\u4e8b\u5937\u8a00\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u9b4f\u6e90\u8a00<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5929\u5730\u4e4b\u6c14\u5176\u81f3\u660e\u800c\u4e00\u53d8\u4e4e\uff01\u6ca7\u6d77\u4e4b\u8fd0\u968f\u5730\u5706\u4f53\u5176\u81ea\u897f\u800c\u4e1c\u4e4e\uff01<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4ed6\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fa9\u89e3&#8220;\u8bda\u77e5\u592b\u8fdc\u5ba2\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6709\u660e\u793c\u884c\u4e49\u3001\u4e0a\u901a\u5929\u8c61\u3001\u4e0b\u5bdf\u5730\u7406\u3001\u65c1\u5f7b\u7269\u60c5\u3001\u8d2f\u4e32\u4eca\u53e4\u8005\u662f\u701b\u5bf0\u4e4b\u5947\u58eb\u3001\u57df\u5916\u4e4b\u826f\u53cb\uff0c\u5c1a\u53ef\u79f0\u4e4b\u66f0\u5937\u72c4\u4e4e\uff1f&#8221;\u4ed6\u671f\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u98ce\u6c14\u65e5\u5f00\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u65e5\u51fa\uff0c\u65b9\u89c1\u4e1c\u6d77\u4e4b\u6c11\u72b9\u897f\u6d77\u4e4b\u6c11\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728\u300a\u56db\u6d32\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u9b4f\u6e90\u7f16\u64b0\u300a\u6d77\u56fd\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u767e\u5377\uff08\u5148\u4e94\u5341\u5377\uff0c\u540e\u589e\u8865\u4e3a\u516d\u5341\u5377\uff0c\u518d\u540e\u6269\u5145\u4e3a\u4e00\u767e\u5377\uff09\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u7406\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3001<\/span><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.baike.com\/sowiki\/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB?prd=content_doc_search\" title=\"\u653f\u6cbb\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u6982\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e7f\u4e49\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u81ea\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u524d\u540e\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u53d8\u9769\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ec5\u662f\u9762\u4e34\u5916\u654c\u575a\u8239\u5229\u70ae\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5e76\u5931\u8d25\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e\u62b5\u5fa1\u5916\u654c&#8212;&#8212;\u4fdd\u56fd\u4fdd\u65cf\uff0c&#8220;\u5e2b\u5937\u9577\u6280\u4ee5\u5236\u5937&#8221;\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u653f\u4f53\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u5de5\u5546\u9636\u7ea7\u53ca\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u665a\u6e05\uff0c\u53d8\u6cd5\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5728<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">1894<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u7532\u5348\u6218\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53d8\u6cd5\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6446\u5230\u4e86\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5373&#8220;\u516c\u8f66\u4e0a\u4e66&#8221;\uff0c\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u3001\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u8054\u5408<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">1200<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4f4d\u5e94\u8bd5\u4e3e\u4eba\u5411\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u884c\u53d8\u6cd5\u3002\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u79bb\u6797\u5219\u5f90\u5021\u5bfc&#8220;\u5e2b\u5937\u9577\u6280\u4ee5\u5236\u5937&#8221;\u5df2\u903e\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u52c3\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5de5\u5546\u9636\u7ea7\u7531\u800c\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9020\u5c31\u4e00\u6279&#8220;\u65b0\u4eba&#8221;\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u8fdb\u53d6\uff0c\u5411\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u601d\u60f3&#8212;&#8212;\u5373\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u90ed\u5d69\u7118\u3001\u4e25\u590d\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8d8b\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u5230\u665a\u671f\u4fbf\u6539\u9769\u653f\u4f53\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7acb\u5baa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7279\u522b\u8981\u63d0\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6c49\u65cf\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u9690\u542b\u7740\u5bf9\u6ee1\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u518d\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u6ee1\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u5b9e\u9645\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e27\u5931\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6c49\u65cf\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u3001\u5de6\u5b97\u68e0\u3001\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u3001\u5f20\u4e4b\u6d1e\u90fd\u6548\u5fe0\u6ee1\u6e05\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u6c49\u65cf\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u53ca\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u7ea7\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u4f1a\u98a0\u8986\u6ee1\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u6ee1\u6e05\uff0c\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6c47\u5408\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u6539\u9769\u3001\u7acb\u5baa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u8c13&#8220;\u7acb\u5baa&#8221;\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u5411\u5c4a\u65f6\u6ee1\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u624d\u662f&#8220;\u516c\u8f66\u4e0a\u4e66&#8221;\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c31\u300a\u516c\u8f66\u4e0a\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u65b0\u610f\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6539\u9769\u8981\u6c42\u90fd\u662f\u6e05\u671d\u5ef7\u5728\u505a\u6216\u51c6\u5907\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6148\u79a7\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u3002&#8220;\u516c\u8f66\u4e0a\u4e66&#8221;\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6807\u5fd7\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u6c49\u65cf\u7cbe\u82f1\u96c6\u56e2\u5df2\u6c47\u6210\u6311\u6218\u6ee1\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6765&#8220;\u7ef4\u65b0\u515a&#8221;\u4f55\u4ee5\u8981\u53d1\u52a8\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u6b32\u5e9f\u6389\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u5185\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u65e7\u96c6\u56e2\u3001\u6c49\u6ee1\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u4e89\uff1b\u975e\u53d8\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">&#8220;\u7acb\u5baa&#8221;\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e43\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b&#8212;&#8212;\u9650\u5236\u738b\u6743\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u6c11\u6743\uff0c\u975e\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f3a\u5175\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3001\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f3a\u5175\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u8fdc\u6bd4\u7acb\u5baa\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u975e\u6210\u529f\u4e8e\u7acb\u5baa\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u529f\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u5411\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u5931\u8d25&#8212;&#8212;\u4ee5\u7532\u5348\u4e4b\u6218\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5982\u540c\u65e5\u672c\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f3a\u5175\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ee1\u6e05\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4e0d\u7acb\u5baa\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ca\u65e5\u672c\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u665a\u6e05\u662f\u5426\u7acb\u5baa\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u80fd\u5426\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f3a\u5175\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\uff1b\u665a\u6e05\u7acb\u5baa\u4e4b\u4e89\u4e43\u662f\u6ee1\u6c49\u3001\u65b0\u65e7\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u5b9e\u8d28\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">2<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e02\u573a\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u662f\u5426\u771f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1f\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u4e13\u5236\u56fd\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5462\uff1f\u4ece\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\u770b\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u9700\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u89e3\u8131\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec5\u5c31\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3001\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f3a\u5175\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6070\u6070\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u5f3a\u5316\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u53d6\u5f97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5f3a\u56fd\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5176\u8fdc\u6bd4\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u5c31\u4e16\u754c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff1b\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6781\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u5373\u662f\u5176\u6700\u9ad8\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">1776<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u65af\u5bc6\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e&#8212;&#8212;\u79c1\u8425\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u65af\u5bc6\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u65e9\u671f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5f88\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u591a\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u53ca\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u5404\u56fd\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u6d89\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\"> &#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u8ba9\u4ed6\u505a\u3001\u8ba9\u4ed6\u53bb\u3001\u8ba9\u4ed6\u8d70<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff0c\u8ba9\u5e02\u573a\u81ea\u7136\u8c03\u8282\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff1b\u4e3b\u5f20\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5206\u8d2b\u5bcc\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53\u3001\u65af\u5bc6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u800c\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u4e9a\u5f53\u3001\u65af\u5bc6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u5e26\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u7136\u5b9e\u884c\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7ed3\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e92\u8865\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u4efb\u5176\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u4e0d\u65ad\u79ef\u84c4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f53\u51b2\u7a81\u79ef\u84c4\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u707e\u96be\u6027\u5d29\u6e83\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u633d\u6551\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u3001\u5784\u65ad\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u610f\u5473&#8220;\u5f31\u8089\u5f3a\u98df&#8221;\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u8d70\u5411\u5784\u65ad\uff1b\u5784\u65ad\u5373\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e13\u5236\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b8c\u7ed3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u795e\u8bdd\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u6269\u5f20\uff1b\u8d44\u672c\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u8086\u610f\u800c\u76f2\u76ee\u5730\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5c06\u5a01\u80c1\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6c11\u751f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u6240\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4e9a\u5f53<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u65af\u5bc6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8131\u79bb\u5b9e\u9645\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bba\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653e\u4e4b\u56db\u6d77\u800c\u7686\u51c6\u7684&#8220;\u771f\u7406&#8221;\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u7247\u9762\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5316\u7684\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u65f6\u4ee3\u5747\u65e0\u5b9e\u884c\u4e4b\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u4eca\u8bf8\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u591a\u5bf9\u672c\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u91c7\u53d6\u8865\u8d34\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u975e\u6b64\u5176\u519c\u4e1a\u5c31\u5c06\u7834\u4ea7\u3002\u518d\uff0c\u5404\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u5747\u6709\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u85aa\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u5de5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u8427\u6761\u5373\u662f\u653e\u4efb\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\u633d\u6551\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">2008<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u7ecf\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u6839\u4e8e\u91cc\u6839\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u653e\u677e\u4e86\u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u754c\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\uff1b\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u5f3a\u884c\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u7528\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u7a0e\u91d1\u633d\u6551\u4e86\u534e\u5c14\u8857\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5b9e\u884c\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7531\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5176\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u4fdd\u62a4\u672c\u56fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5148\u53d1\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u540e\u53d1\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u8d70\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5148\u53d1\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u65e7\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u969c\u788d\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u662f\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u738b\u6743\u3001\u8d35\u65cf\u53ca\u5c01\u5efa\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u4e3a\u5176\u5229\u76ca&#8212;&#8212;\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8d77\u800c\u6311\u6218\u738b\u6743\u3001\u8d35\u65cf\u53ca\u5176\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u81ea\u8eab\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u7531\u800c\u5236\u7ea6\u6216\u5265\u593a\u738b\u6743\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u6216\u5e9f\u9664\u8d35\u65cf\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d&#8212;&#8212;\u7acb\u5baa\u3001\u5171\u548c\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6c11\u6743\uff1b\u975e\u6b64\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u65e0\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5148\u53d1\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5747\u5360\u4f18\u52bf&#8212;&#8212;\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u79ef\u84c4\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u6240\u5411\u62ab\u9761\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u7aed\u529b\u63a8\u5d07\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u56fd\u655e\u5f00\u56fd\u95e8\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u521b\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u53d1\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u5747\u5904\u4e8e\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5148\u53d1\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u7531\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e&#8212;&#8212;\u79c1\u8425\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u522b\u60f3\u7ffb\u8eab\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u674e\u65af\u7279<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">Friedrich List<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c&#8220;\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u652f\u6301\u7740\u4e00\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u5c06\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u54c1\u5411\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u503e\u9500\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6cdb\u6ee5\u4e8e\u5927\u9646\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7a92\u606f\u5927\u9646\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u5176\u521d\u751f\u4e4b\u65f6\u3002&#8221;&#8220;\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4ea8\u5229<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e03\u9c81\u963f\u59c6\u5148\u751f\uff08\u540e\u6765\u662f\u5e03\u9c81\u963f\u59c6\u52cb\u7235\uff09\u66fe\u4e8e<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">1815<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c&#8216;\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u5916\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u627c\u6740\u5728\u6447\u7bee\u91cc\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u54c1\u51fa\u53e3\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u635f\u5931\u4e5f\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u3002&#8217;\u8fd9\u4f4d\u52cb\u7235\u662f\u6709\u540d\u7684\u535a\u7231\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff1b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4f11\u8c1f\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u58f0\u540d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e9a\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4f4d\u52cb\u7235\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4f4d\u52cb\u7235\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u63aa\u8f9e\u4e0a\u90fd\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4&#8216;\u5927\u9646\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e94\u8d81\u5176\u84d3\u857e\u4e4b\u65f6\u52a0\u4ee5\u526a\u9664\u3002&#8217;&#8221;<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u843d\u540e\u53ea\u80fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u7a81\u51fb\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8d70\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5f00\u77ff\u3001\u5efa\u94a2\u94c1\u5382\u3001\u4fee\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u9020\u8239\u7b49\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4efd\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u624d\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u96c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u5982\u52df\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1&#8212;&#8212;\u5411\u5b83\u56fd\u501f\u8d37\u3001\u5f15\u8fdb\u5148\u8fdb\u56fd\u5bb6\u6280\u672f\u3001\u57f9\u517b\u4eba\u624d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7531\u5b98\u529e\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5373\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e0\u4ee5\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u7532\u5348\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u5174\u8d77\u5efa\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa&#8220;\u4e0d\u501f\u5916\u503a\uff0c\u4e0d\u62db\u5916\u80a1\uff0c\u4e13\u96c6\u534e\u80a1&#8221;\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u95f9\u51fa<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">1911<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 12pt;\">\u5e74\u7684&#8220;\u56db\u5ddd\u4fdd\u8def&#8221;\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c11\u95f4\u672c\u65e0\u7b51\u8def\u4e4b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5f3a\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u79c1\u8425\u5ddd\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u603b\u516c\u53f8\u5de8\u989d\u4e8f\u635f\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u4e4b\u6536\u5f52\u56fd\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u501f\u6b64\u6572\u8bc8\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u8ba9\u653f\u5e9c\u8865\u507f\u81ea\u5df1\u6295\u673a\u80a1\u7968\u53ca\u4fee\u8def\u7684\u4e8f\u635f\uff0c\u906d\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6f14\u4e3a&#8220;\u4fdd\u8def\u8fd0\u52a8&#8221;\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fc3\u5c31\u4e86\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6e05\u671d\u5b8c\u7ed3\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; 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