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\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u4ed6“\u4e3a\u5b88\u5fa1\u8ba1”\u800c\u8eb2\u8fdb\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u5230\u5357\u4eac\u57ce\u6613\u624b\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5341\u4e09\u5929\u3002\u9646\u5c06\u519b\u662f\u575a\u51b3\u4e0d\u613f\u4ee5\u8eab\u6b89\u56fd\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6700\u540e\u6ca1\u80fd\u9003\u5f97\u4e00\u6b7b\u3002\u5f53\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u4ee5\u6398\u5730\u9053\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u653b\u7834\u5357\u4eac\u5185\u57ce\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d81\u4e71\u6362\u4fbf\u670d\u51fa\u9003\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8ba9\u654c\u4eba\u7ed9\u62ff\u83b7\uff0c\u4e00\u5200\u780d\u65ad\u4e86\u8116\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4eba\u4e4b\u6b7b\u5e76\u672a\u514d\u4e86\u5357\u4eac\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u5927\u519b\u8fdb\u57ce\uff0c\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u6740\u4e86\u56db\u4e07\u57ce\u4e2d\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u653f\u5e9c\u519b\u5b88\u57ce\uff0c\u62b5\u6297\u5929\u56fd\u5927\u519b\u3002\u6740\u4e86\u56db\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u8fd8\u4e0d\u89e3\u6c14\uff0c\u53c8\u7ed9\u4e09\u5343\u540d\u5357\u4eac\u513f\u7ae5\u505a\u4e86“\u7edd\u80b2\u624b\u672f”\uff0c\u300a\u6e05\u53f2\u7a3f·\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u4f20\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a“\u9609\u7ae5\u5b50\u4e09\u5343\u4f59\u4eba\uff0c\u6cc4\u5b88\u57ce\u4e4b\u5fff\u3002”
\u3000\u3000\u6768\u6587\u5b9a\u5219\u5728\u6c5f\u9634\u88ab\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e(\u54b8\u4e30\u516d\u5e74\uff0c1856)\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u6d41\u653e\u5211\uff0c“\u51cf\u6b7b\u9063\u620d\u519b\u53f0”\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u58eb\u5175\u5230\u5de1\u629a\u662f\u4e2a\u5149\u8363\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u5de1\u629a\u5230\u58eb\u5175\u5219\u662f\u5947\u803b\u5927\u8fb1\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u6768\u6587\u5b9a\u5f88\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u5730\u6b7b\u5728\u4e86\u519b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f30\u8ba1\u662f\u6c14\u90c1\u7ed3\u80f8\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u9646\u72b6\u5143\u6da6\u5ea0\u5148\u751f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u522b\u626d\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u300a\u6e05\u53f2\u7a3f·\u6768\u6587\u5b9a\u4f20\u300b\u5199\u5f97\u5f88\u6d17\u70bc\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u8bb0\u5f55\u9646\u72b6\u5143\u7684“\u7791\u773c\u6b7b”\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u4f20\u795e\uff0c\u53ea\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\uff1a“\u5bfb\u6b81\u3002”
\u3000\u3000\u662f\u5440\uff0c\u8c01\u4f1a\u5173\u5fc3\u4e00\u4f4d\u7531\u5de1\u629a\u800c\u58eb\u5175\u4e14\u662f\u6234\u7f6a\u800c\u6b7b\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u6b7b\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f
\u3000\u3000\u81f3\u4e8e\u6ee1\u6d32\u6b63\u767d\u65d7\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u8d25\u5c06\u9752\u9e90\uff0c\u5219\u6ca1\u6768\u6587\u5b9a\u90a3\u4e48\u5e78\u8fd0\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u518d\u7531\u957f\u6c99\u5f80\u8346\u5dde\u9003\u547d\u65f6\uff0c\u7687\u4e0a\u7684\u4eb2\u7b14\u5224\u51b3\u4e5f\u4e0b\u4e86\uff0c\u79f0\u66f0“\u4f20\u65e8\u6b63\u6cd5”\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e00\u5230\u8346\u5dde\u5c31\u88ab\u5df2\u63a5\u5230\u5723\u65e8\u7684\u5b98\u6587\u5c06\u519b\u7ed9\u780d\u4e86\u5934\uff0c\u5c38\u4f53\u629b\u5728\u8346\u5dde\u57ce\u95f9\u5e02\uff0c\u5373“\u5f03\u5e02”\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u90a3\u4f4d\u4e0d\u662f\u8fdb\u58eb\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u8d25\u5c06\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5d07\u7eb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6ee1\u6d32\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u6b63\u9ec4\u65d7\u4eba\u3002\u6b66\u660c\u9677\u843d\u5927\u52bf\u4e00\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u9a6c\u98de\u51fa\uff0c\u5954\u9655\u897f\u800c\u53bb\u3002\u54b8\u4e30\u5e1d\u5f53\u7136\u8981\u4e0b\u65e8\u6293\u4ed6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bb6\u4f19\u89c1\u52bf\u5934\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u670d\u6bd2\u81ea\u6740\u3002\u5bb6\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e0b\u7ea7\u7ed9\u4ed6\u62a5\u4e86\u4e2a“\u66b4\u75c5\u6b7b\u4ea1”\uff0c\u642a\u585e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u518d\u5f15\u53d1\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u9646\u5efa\u701b\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u6b7b\uff0c\u513f\u5b50\u53c8\u88ab\u9769\u4e86\u804c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e94\u5927\u8d25\u5c06\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u4f55\u6842\u6e05\uff0c\u6b64\u516c\u975e\u5e38\u4e86\u5f97\uff0c\u80fd“\u717d\u4e4e”(\u719f\u7ec3\u5730\u8bf4\u5927\u8bdd)\uff0c\u300a\u6e05\u53f2\u7a3f·\u4f55\u6842\u6e05\u4f20\u300b\u79f0\uff1a“\u4f83\u4f83\u65e0\u6240\u907f\uff0c\u6587\u5b97\u5947\u4e4b\u3002”\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4e00\u5f20\u5634\uff0c\u628a\u54b8\u4e30\u7687\u5e1d\u90fd\u7ed9“\u717d\u4e4e”\u4f4f\u4e86\u3002\u672c\u6765\u561b\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u7687\u5e1d\u5c31\u662f\u7cca\u6d82\u866b\uff0c\u54ea\u7ecf\u5f97\u8d77\u4ed6\u7684“\u717d\u4e4e”\uff1f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f55\u8fdb\u58eb\u4e00\u8def\u98de\u5347\uff0c\u5e72\u5230\u6d59\u6c5f\u5de1\u629a\u9ad8\u4f4d\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f55\u8fdb\u58eb\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e9b\u624d\u5e72\uff0c\u5728\u9632\u5b88\u548c\u53cd\u51fb\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c61\u5c61\u83b7\u80dc\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u5934\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5927\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u632b\u8d25\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u653b\u52bf\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c06\u9886\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u7687\u5e1d\u7acb\u5373\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5347\u804c\u4e3a\u4e24\u6c5f\u603b\u7763\u3002\u4ed6\u53cd\u653b\u9547\u6c5f\uff0c\u593a\u56de\u57ce\u6c60\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u52a0\u8854“\u592a\u5b50\u5c11\u4fdd”\u3002\u54b8\u4e30\u5341\u5e74(1860)\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u5c0f\u80dc\uff0c\u518d\u52a0“\u592a\u5b50\u592a\u4fdd”\u8854\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f55\u603b\u7763\u4e58\u52bf\u56f4\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u9996\u90fd\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0“\u8d3c\u52bf\u7a98\u8e59\uff0c\u56db\u51fa\u6c42\u63f4”\u3002\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u7684\u5fe0\u738b\u674e\u79c0\u6210\u65bd\u56f4\u9b4f\u6551\u8d75\u4e4b\u8ba1\uff0c\u88ad\u676d\u5dde\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u5916\u57ce\u5931\u5b88\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u7687\u5e1d\u8bcf\u4ee4\u4f55\u90e8\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u5c06\u9886\u548c\u6625\u6551\u63f4\u676d\u5dde\uff0c\u5185\u5916\u5939\u51fb\uff0c\u8d76\u8d70\u4e86\u674e\u79c0\u6210\u3002\u800c\u540e\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u529b\u91cf\u79ef\u805a\uff0c\u591a\u8def\u53cd\u51fb\uff0c\u641e\u5f97\u5c1a\u65e0\u8d25\u7ee9\u7684\u4f55\u6842\u6e05“\u51e0\u5931\u6240\u63aa”\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4f55\u6842\u6e05\u627c\u5b88\u6218\u7565\u8981\u5730\u5e38\u5dde\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4eb2\u4fe1\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u5de1\u629a\u738b\u6709\u9f84\u4e13\u5199\u4e00\u51fd\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6“\u52ff\u79bb\u5e38\u5dde\u4e00\u6b65”\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bba\u9053\uff1a“\u4e8b\u68d8\u65f6\u5371\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u4e07\u76ee\u777d\u777d\uff0c\u89c6\u4ee5\u52a8\u6b62\u3002\u4e00\u4e3e\u8db3\u5219\u4eba\u5fc3\u74e6\u89e3\u77e3\u3002”
\u3000\u3000\u6362\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u7ea7\uff0c\u65ad\u7136\u4e0d\u6562\u7ed9\u5c61\u6709\u80dc\u7ee9\u7684\u4e0a\u7ea7\u53d1\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6614\u65e5\u4eb2\u4fe1\u7684\u738b\u6709\u9f84\u77e5\u9053\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u62c5\u5f97\u987a\u52bf\uff0c\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u9006\u5883\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7a0d\u6709\u8d25\u7ee9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u524d\u529f\u5c3d\u5f03\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u987a\u4e86\uff0c\u8dcc\u811a\u62fe\u91d1\u5b50\uff1b\u70b9\u80cc\u4e86\uff0c\u559d\u51c9\u6c34\u4e5f\u585e\u7259\u3002\u4e00\u573a\u7a81\u7136\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5927\u96ea\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4f55\u592a\u4fdd\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c“\u5927\u8425\u5175\u51bb\u9981\uff0c\u7d22\u9977\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u4e43\u566a\u4e71\uff0c\u76f8\u7387\u5c3d\u6e83\u3002”\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u8bf7\u793a\u54b8\u4e30\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e0e\u548c\u6625\u3001\u5f20\u56fd\u6a11\u7b49\u5c06\u9886\u8fdb\u884c\u519b\u4e8b\u5206\u5de5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u5230\u82cf\u5dde\u7b79\u96c6\u519b\u9977\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5175\u5168\u8dd1\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5e38\u5dde\u4eba\u6c11\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c61\u6218\u5c61\u80dc\u7684\u4f55\u592a\u4fdd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u6551\u661f\u3002\u5728\u4f55\u592a\u4fdd\u542f\u7a0b\u4e4b\u65e5\uff0c\u5e38\u5dde\u57ce\u767e\u59d3\u9ed1\u538b\u538b\u5730\u8dea\u6ee1\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u6073\u8bf7\u4f55\u592a\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f55\u592a\u4fdd\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u7559\u5728\u5e38\u5dde\u90a3\u662f\u6b7b\u8def\u4e00\u6761\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u536b\u5175\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u6b64\u70b9\uff0c\u6c14\u6025\u8d25\u574f\uff0c\u51b2\u7740\u8bf7\u613f\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u5f00\u4e86\u67aa\uff0c\u6253\u6b7b\u4e86\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6253\u6b7b\u8bf7\u613f\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c\u4f55\u592a\u4fdd\u5f97\u4ee5\u51fa\u57ce\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u8d70\uff0c\u7559\u5b88\u5e38\u5dde\u7684\u5f20\u7389\u826f\u5c06\u519b\u4e5f\u8dd1\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u4f60\u4f55\u592a\u4fdd\u77e5\u9053\u5b88\u5e38\u5dde\u662f\u6b7b\u8def\u4e00\u6761\u54c7\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50bb\uff0c\u6e9c\u4e4b\u4e4e\u4e5f\uff01
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