{"id":75186,"date":"2017-07-18T19:03:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-18T19:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=75186 "},"modified":"2017-07-18T19:03:00","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T19:03:00","slug":"75186-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=75186","title":{"rendered":"\u7ec3\u4e59\u94ee\uff1a\u6587\u9769\u7ed3\u675f40\u5e74\u88ab\u7981\u95ed\u81f4\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6587\u5b66\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u9769\u547d\u5f80\u5f80\u9020\u5c31\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u679c\u5343\u4e07\u4ec1\u4eba\u5fd7\u58eb\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u6700\u540e\u7adf\u53d8\u6210\u66b4\u653f\u3002<\/span>1940<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u524d\u5fb7\u5171\u515a\u5458\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u548c\u6d3e\u5e93\u65af\u52d2\uff08<\/span>Arthur Koestler<\/span>\uff09\u4e00\u9a6c\u5f53\u5148\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5171\u8fd0\u6279\u5224\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u6781\u54c1\u300a\u6b63\u5348\u65e0\u5149\u300b\u3002\u6545\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6e05\u515a\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3b\u89d2\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u515a\u5185\u5934\u53f7\u653f\u654c\uff0c\u573a\u666f\u6309\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u5e8f\u5206\u522b\u662f\u56da\u7981\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u7edd\u5bc6\u76d1\u72f1\u91cc\u7684\u81ed\u683c\u3001\u76d8\u95ee\u5ba4\u3001\u8d70\u5eca\u3001\u5730\u7a96\u884c\u5211\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u8d70\u5eca\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u4e3b\u89d2\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u62bc\u7740\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e24\u65c1\u81ed\u683c\u91cc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72af\u4eba\u6574\u9f50\u5e84\u91cd\u5730\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e0b\u6572\u6253\u94c1\u95f8\u66ff\u4ed6\u9001\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u592a\u9633\u5931\u5149\u5982\u540c\u9ed1\u591c<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u539f\u4e66\u662f\u5fb7\u6587\uff0c\u4e66\u540d\u53ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\uff1a<\/span>Sonnenfinsternis<\/span>\uff0c\u65e5\u8680\u3002\u8bfb\u6bd5\u5168\u4e66\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u89c9\u5149\u660e\u4e00\u70b9\u6ef4\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u662f\u65e5\u5168\u8680\u3002\u82f1\u8bd1\u672c\u7684\u4e66\u540d\u662f<\/span>Darkness At Noon<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u8bf4\u51fa\u81ea\u96e8\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u6279\u8bc4\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6240\u8bb0\u8036\u7a23\u53d7\u96be\u88ab\u9489\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4e0a\u4e34\u7ec8\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u6b63\u5348\u592a\u9633\u5931\u5149\u5982\u540c\u9ed1\u591c\u7684\u666f\u8c61\uff08<\/span>Il fait nuit en plein midi<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e3b\u89d2\u88ab\u75b2\u52b3\u5ba1\u8baf\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u53cd\u9886\u8896\u53cd\u7956\u56fd\u53cd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u84c4\u610f\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u3002\u8d1f\u8d23\u5ba1\u8baf\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u300c\u65b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u300d\uff08\u539f\u4e66\u7528<\/span>Neandertaler<\/span>\uff0c\u65e7\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\uff09\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cd\u5dee\uff0c\u5728\u9996\u7ae0\u91cc\u4e3b\u89d2\u56de\u5fc6\u88ab\u4e24\u4e2a\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u902e\u6355\u65f6\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\uff0c\u9690\u55bb\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5171\u4ea7\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5012\u9000\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8fd9\u8f88\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\u8ddf\u4e2d\u5171\u6253\u8fc7\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u4e5f\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u672c\u5730\u8001\u7231\u56fd\u4e0e\u65b0\u4eba\u7c7b\uff08\u5982\u300a\u73af\u65f6\u300b\u6d3e\u3001\u7231\u5b57\u5e2e\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea6\u6709\u6b64\u5dee\u522b\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\u4e00\uff09<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u4e3a\u84c4\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u7f6a\u540d\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u6b21\u4e00\u7b49\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u662f\u300c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u6076\u610f\u5374\u505a\u4e86\u574f\u4e8b\uff0c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5211\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5224\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5ba1\u8baf\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u72af\u4eba\u8ba4\u7f6a\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5148\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4e8b\u540e\u63d1\u9020\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u4ece\u4f9b\u8bcd\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u6750\u6599\u7f16\u9020\u300c\u84c4\u610f\u300d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u5218\u6653\u6ce2\u6761\u6307\u4ed6\u300c\u4ee5\u300e\u8d35\u65cf\u72af\u4eba\u300f\u81ea\u5c45\uff0c\u5173\u5728\u7262\u91cc\u4e5f\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u5e74\u85aa<\/span>2.3<\/span>\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u84c4\u610f\u91cc\u901a\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u7f6a\u8bc1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5982\u6b64\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ee4\u6653\u6ce2\u300c\u6b7b\u6709\u4f59\u8f9c\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5317\u4eac\u5bf9\u4ed8\u4ed6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5317\u97e9\u5bf9\u4ed8\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u751f<\/span>Otto Warmbier<\/span>\u66f4\u6b8b\u66b4──\u540e\u8005\u6210\u4e86\u690d\u7269\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e5f\u83b7\u51c6\u51fa\u5883\u5c31\u533b\uff0c\u4f46\u6653\u6ce2\u6709\u77e5\u6709\u89c9\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u6108\u89c1\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u6298\u78e8\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u6302\u5728\u4ed6\u5934\u4e0a\u7684\u50ac\u547d\u7b26\u3002<\/span>Warmbier<\/span>\u597d\u7aef\u7aef\u7ed9\u5f04\u5f97\u5931\u53bb\u77e5\u89c9\uff0c\u5317\u97e9\u65e0\u7591\u505a\u4e86\u624b\u811a\uff1b\u6653\u6ce2<\/span>2008<\/span>\u5e74\u5931\u53bb\u4eba\u8eab\u81ea\u7531\uff0c<\/span>09<\/span>\u5e74\u88ab\u5224\u5165\u72f1\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u516b\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u5224\u82e5\u4e24\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5916\u8868\u8001\u5316\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f97\u4e86\u809d\u764c\uff0c\u6025\u4fc3\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u7b97\u8d23\u4efb\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u5230\u4e2d\u5171\u5934\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u56da\u72af\u4e0e\u809d\u764c<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5224\u65ad\u800c\u662f\u6709\u533b\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\u505a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u81f4\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u76d1\u72f1\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u548c\u764c\u75c7\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u90fd\u6bd4\u5e73\u5e38\u4eba\u53e3\u9ad8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u809d\u764c\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7279\u522b\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u9ad8\u51fa\u597d\u51e0\u500d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u52a0\u56fd\u5b89\u6cb3<\/span>2000-2012<\/span>\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5927\u6570\u636e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7814\u7a76\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\u4e8c\uff09<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u662f\u5b89\u6cb3\u5185<\/span>2000<\/span>\u5e74\u5165\u72f1\u7684\u5168\u90e8<\/span>49,470<\/span>\u540d\u65b0\u56da\u5230<\/span>2012<\/span>\u5e74\u7ec8\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5e74\u5747\u764c\u75c7\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u548c\u764c\u75c7\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/span>2006<\/span>\u5e74\uff08\u5373<\/span>2000-2012<\/span>\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5e74\u4efd\uff09\u6574\u4e2a\u7701\u5185\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u548c\u764c\u75c7\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u6807\u5316\u53d1\u75c5\u6bd4\uff08<\/span>standardized incidence ratio<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>SIR<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u6807\u5316\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6bd4\uff08<\/span>SDR<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5145\u4efd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u51fa\u5408\u4e4e\u7edf\u8ba1\u6280\u672f\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5206\u7537\u5973\u3001\u5206\u4e03\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u4f4d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u7684<\/span>SIR<\/span>\u548c<\/span>SDR<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/div>
\"2017718a1302a.gif<\/div>
 <\/div>\"2017718a1302b.gif
 <\/div>
 <\/div>

 <\/p>

\u3010\u4f53\u4f8b\uff1a\u56fe\u4e00\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u80ba\u764c<\/span>SIR=2.5<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5185\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5728\u56da\u4eba\u58eb\u5728<\/span>2000-2012<\/span>\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u80ba\u764c\u65b0\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u662f\u5168\u7701\u5973\u6027\u4eba\u53e3<\/span>2006<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\u80ba\u764c\u65b0\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u7684<\/span>2.5<\/span>\u500d\u3002<\/span>SIR=1<\/span>\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u5728\u56da\u4e0e\u5426\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u522b\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\u663e\u793a\u7684\u500d\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u6574\u6570\u800c\u662f\u7528\u5bf9\u6570\u505a\u5355\u4f4d\uff08<\/span>logarithmic scale<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u683c\u662f<\/span>0.1<\/span>\u5230<\/span>1<\/span>\u500d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u683c\u5df2\u662f<\/span>1<\/span>\u5230<\/span>10<\/span>\u500d\u3002\u53c8\uff1a\u84dd\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u5973\u6027\u3002\u3011<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u56fe\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u8be5\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u764c\u75c7\u7684<\/span>SIR<\/span>\u548c<\/span>SDR<\/span>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5165\u72f1\u6210\u56da\u5bf9\u809d\u764c\u7684\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u3002\u56fe\u4e00\u663e\u793a\u7537\u6027\u809d\u764c<\/span>SIR<\/span>\u662f<\/span>3.5<\/span>\uff1b\u56fe\u4e8c\u663e\u793a\u7537\u6027\u809d\u764c<\/span>SDR<\/span>\u4e5f\u662f<\/span>3.5<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u4e0e\u809d\u764c<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u7531\u6b64\u7ed3\u679c\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6653\u6ce2\u5165\u72f1<\/span>12<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u809d\u764c\u53d1\u75c5\u6216\u7136\u7387\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u63d0\u9ad8<\/span>3.5<\/span>\u500d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u60a3\u764c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6216\u7136\u7387\u4e5f\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u63d0\u9ad8<\/span>3.5<\/span>\u500d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002\u5728\u56da\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u764c\u75c7<\/span>SIR<\/span>\u548c<\/span>SDR<\/span>\u504f\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u5728\u56da\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u538b\u529b\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\u4e09\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u6653\u6ce2\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\uff0c\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u538b\u529b\u6bd4\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u8981\u5927\u5f97\u591a\uff08\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u65e0\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6653\u6ce2\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u7136\u7387\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fdc\u8d85\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u6b62<\/span>3.5<\/span>\u500d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5<\/span>12<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u809d\u764c\u7684\u672b\u671f\u3002\u9c8d\u6734\u5148\u751f\u6307\u4e2d\u5171\u8c0b\u6740\u6653\u6ce2\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6307\u6162\u6027\u8c0b\u6740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u5b9a\u5bf9\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u653f\u6743\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u4f1a\u72c2\u545b\uff1a\u4ed6\u6b7b\u6709\u4f59\u8f9c\uff01\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u53ef\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u79cd\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3<\/span>\/<\/span>\u7eb3\u7cb9<\/span>\/<\/span>\u6cd5\u5229\u8d5b\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u75af\u766b\u3002\u6653\u6ce2\u56e0\u8a00\u83b7\u7f6a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6587\u660e\u4eba\u6807\u51c6\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u8f9c\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5f3a\u884c\u628a\u4ed6\u902e\u6355\u3001\u8d77\u8bc9\u3001\u5224\u5211\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7f6a\u540d\u662f\u300c\u717d\u52a8\u98a0\u8986\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u300d\uff0c\u5374\u9664\u4e86\u6307\u51fa\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fdd\u53cd\u5b98\u610f\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u6709\u751a\u4e48\u98a0\u8986\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u53ea\u5f97\u5077\u6362\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u8a00\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e3e\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u300c\u884c\u4e3a\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u8d85\u51fa\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u72af\u7f6a\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u8bb2\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u5230\u5e95\u6307\u751a\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u62ff\u6653\u6ce2\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u770b\u770b\u5c31\u6e05\u695a\uff1a\u300c\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u5218\u6653\u6ce2……\u5229\u7528\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u5feb\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u3001\u516c\u4f17\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u64b0\u5199\u5e76\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bfd\u8c24\u5e76\u717d\u52a8\u4ed6\u4eba\u63a8\u7ffb\u6211\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u6784\u6210\u717d\u52a8\u98a0\u8986\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e14\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u3001\u4e3b\u89c2\u6076\u6027\u5927\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u88ab\u5e7f\u4e3a\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u88c5\u8f7d\u3001\u6d4f\u89c8\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u5c5e\u7f6a\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5e94\u4e88\u4ece\u4e25\u60e9\u5904\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u8bd5\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u300c\u884c\u4e3a\u300d\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u6761\u5728\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u662f\u6784\u6210\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6653\u6ce2\u6587\u7ae0\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5403\u4e0d\u6d88\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6709\u7f6a\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e2d\u542c\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u5e9f\u8bdd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u8bb2\u51e0\u53e5\u5c31\u4e56\u4e56\u6536\u58f0\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c31\u6709\u5145\u4efd\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6587\u9769\u56de\u5934\u8def\uff1a\u884c\u7a33\u81f4\u8fdc<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6587\u9769\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u957f\u9646\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6781\u5de6\u6d3e\u5468\u626c\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u641e\u300c\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u300d\u3002\u6587\u9769\u771f\u6b63\u5c55\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u5148\u88ab\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u6597\u5012\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u7ed9\u6bdb\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u300c\u9636\u7ea7\u5f02\u5df1\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u53cd\u515a\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u5185\u5978\u5acc\u7591\u300d\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u5f00\u9664\u515a\u7c4d\u3002<\/span>1996<\/span>\u5e74\u4ed6\u4e34\u6b7b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u9057\u8a00\u662f\u300c\u8981\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u8bb2\u8bdd\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u786e\u6709\u65b0\u610f\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d70\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u56de\u5934\u8def\uff0c\u4ee5\u8a00\u5165\u7f6a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53c8\u53d8\u5f97\u5e73\u5e38\uff0c\u5c01\u9501\u4eba\u6c11\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5982\u4e25\u7981\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u300c\u7ffb\u5899\u300d\u7b49\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u95fb\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e2d\u5171\u5f53\u5e74\u641e\u6587\u9769\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u662f\u7cca\u91cc\u80e1\u6d82\u7ed9\u62c9\u4e0b\u6c34\u3001\u5377\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u5b83\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u9762\u8d70\u56de\u5934\u8def\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u5927\u9646\u4eba\u6c11\u4e43\u81f3\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5927\u9646\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u589e\u957f\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e88\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u8d70\u8fd9\u6761\u56de\u5934\u8def\u6bd4\u8d77\u6bdb\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u90a3\u6761\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u300c\u884c\u7a33\u81f4\u8fdc\u300d\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u5f02\u89c1\u4eba\u58eb\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u611f\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u6709\u6653\u6ce2\u5bf9\u300c\u4e2d\u56fd\u300d\u4e43\u81f3\u300c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u67cf\u6768\u5f0f\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e0e\u626c\u5f03\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u7edd\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u843d\u4f0d\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u660f\u541b\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4eba\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u60b2\u5267\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u81ea\u7f16\u81ea\u5bfc\u81ea\u6f14\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6b23\u8d4f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u65ad\u80a0\u56de\u9996\u5904\u3000\u6cea\u5077\u96f6<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\u66f4\u62ff\u6653\u6ce2\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6666\u6c14\u8bdd\u4e0a\u7eb2\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff1a\u300c\u5218\u6653\u6ce2\u803b\u4e8e\u505a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u5927\u7684\u60b2\u54c0\u662f\u5916\u8bed\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5173\uff0c\u300e\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc7\u5173\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f1a\u548c\u6211\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u300f\u3002\u300d\u300c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u4e3a\u53f0\u72ec\u3001\u85cf\u72ec\u6447\u65d7\u5436\u558a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u5341\u516b\u5757\u3002\u300d\u7231\u56fd\u4eba\u6700\u540e\u843d\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u51b3\u7edd\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u7eb3\u5170\u6027\u5fb7\u540d\u53e5\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u5230\u60c5\u591a\u60c5\u8f6c\u8584\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u771f\u4e2a\u6094\u591a\u60c5\uff0c\u53c8\u5230\u65ad\u80a0\u56de\u9996\u5904\uff0c\u6cea\u5077\u96f6\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

1977<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>8<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u534e\u56fd\u950b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5ba3\u5e03\u6587\u9769\u300c\u7ed3\u675f\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u521a\u597d\u662f<\/span>40<\/span>\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\uff0c\u6653\u6ce2\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u300a\u6b63\u5348\u65e0\u5149\u300b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7248\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4ece\u901a\u9053\u8d70\u8fc7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f53\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u50cf\u7b14\u8005\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u72af\u66ff\u4ed6\u9001\u884c\uff0c\u6572\u6253\u94c1\u95f8\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\uff08\u6ce8\u4e00\uff09\u53cd\u601d\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6587\u5b66\u5de8\u8457\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u672c\uff1a\u5df4\u65af\u7279\u7eb3\u514b\u7684\u300a\u9f50\u74e6\u54e5\u533b\u751f\u300b\uff08<\/span>1957<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u82cf\u4ec1\u5c3c\u6d25\u7684\u300a\u764c\u75c5\u95f4\u300b\uff08<\/span>1968<\/span>\uff09\uff1b\u524d\u8005\u4e5f\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u300c\u8001\u5e72\u90e8\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u65b0\u4eba\u7c7b\u300d\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\u90fd\u6bd4\u300a\u6b63\u5348\u65e0\u5149\u300b\u665a\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\uff08\u6ce8\u4e8c\uff09\u8bba\u6587\u53ef\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u6280\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08<\/span>NCBI<\/span>\uff09\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5321272\/<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\uff08\u6ce8\u4e09\uff09\u8bba\u6587\u7f51\u5740\uff1a<\/span>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3037818\/<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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