{"id":78076,"date":"2017-10-29T11:24:00","date_gmt":"2017-10-29T11:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=78076 "},"modified":"2017-10-29T11:24:00","modified_gmt":"2017-10-29T11:24:00","slug":"78076-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=78076","title":{"rendered":"\u97e9\u5bb6\u4eae: \u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e5d\u5927\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5a92\u4ecb\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e5d\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u591a\u6570\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5b98\u573a\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b98\u573a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4ece\u4fef\u77b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6765\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u6765\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u5c55\u671b\u5c06\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u8981\u5ba2\u89c2\u6070\u5f53\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u957f\u6cb3\u4e2d\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ece\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u6d88\u4ea1\u4ee5\u540e\u5230\u516c\u5143<\/span>1800<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6781\u5176\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u76f8\u5f53\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u666e\u904d\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u51e0\u6b21\u5927\u761f\u75ab\u4f7f\u6b27\u6d32\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u6570\u5927\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u82f1\u738b\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16\u66fe\u5a36\u8fc7\u516b\u4e2a\u592b\u4eba\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b21\u79bb\u5a5a\u8fd8\u4e0e\u6559\u5ef7\u95f9\u7ffb\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u7ee7\u627f\u7687\u4f4d\u3002\u4f46\u90a3\u65f6\u56e0\u4e3a\u533b\u7597\u77e5\u8bc6\u843d\u540e\u533b\u7597\u6761\u4ef6\u5dee\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b50\u5973\u90fd\u592d\u6298\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u9965\u8352\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff08\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u9965\u8352\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u6279\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u540e\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4e00\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u8bfe\u672c\uff08<\/span>Samuelson<\/span>\uff0c<\/span> Nordhaus, 2005<\/span>\u7248<\/span>[1] <\/span>\uff09\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6307\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u738b\u5b50\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/span>Samuelson<\/span>\uff0c<\/span> Nordhaus <\/span>\u628a\u8fd9\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65\u5f52\u4e8e\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u6700\u8fd1<\/span>MIT<\/span>\u548c\u54c8\u4f5b\u4e24\u6559\u6388\uff08<\/span>Acemoglu, Robinson<\/span>\uff09\u5bf9\u9020\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bcc\u88d5\u548c\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66<\/span>[2] <\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6d89\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff08\u4ece\u4e00\u4e07\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e<\/span>institutions<\/span>\uff08\u5236\u5ea6\u673a\u5236\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a<\/span>institutions <\/span>\u5206\u6210\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\uff08<\/span>Inclusive<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u8403\u53d6\u6027\uff08<\/span>Extractive<\/span>\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u3002\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8403\u53d6\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6b64\u4e66\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u7b80\u4ecb\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003<\/span>[3] <\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u6765\u8003\u91cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5357\u97e9\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5438\u5f15\u5916\u8d44\u3002\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u806a\u660e\u52e4\u52b3\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u4e2d\u4e1c\u548c\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u5c31\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8f83\u597d\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u89c2\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span>1949<\/span>\u5e74\u53f0\u6e7e\u76f8\u5f53\u7a77\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u8fd8\u7a77\u3002\u524d\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4eba\u5747<\/span>GDP<\/span>\u8fd8\u53ea\u6709\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u5747\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4eba\u5747<\/span>GDP<\/span>\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u5747\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff1f<\/span>Samuelson<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>Nordhaus <\/span>\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bfe\u672c<\/span>[1]<\/span>\u628a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4e24\u7c7b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u8fdb\u5165\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u8bba\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u9760\u62f7\u8d1d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c<\/span>institutions\uff08\u5236\u5ea6\u673a\u5236\uff09<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u548c\u65b0<\/span>institutions<\/span>\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f88\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u524d\u4e9b\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\u5217\u51fa\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u521b\u9020\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>[4]<\/span>\u3002\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u667a\u529b\u9ad8\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u667a\u529b\u4e0e\u534e\u4eba\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4eba\u7684<\/span>IQ<\/span>\u6bd4\u767d\u4eba\u8fd8\u7a0d\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u521b\u9020\u53d1\u660e\u529b\u624d\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u516c\u5e73\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u7535\u706f\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u7535\u89c6\uff0c\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\uff0c\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u7535\u8bdd\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u521b\u9020\u53d1\u660e\u4e0a\u8d70\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u5217\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0e\u4e00\u6d41\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u9a7e\u9f50\u9a71\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u521a\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u6709\u4e9b\u5927\u9646\u534e\u4eba\uff08\u51af\u80dc\u5e73\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff09\u5bf9\u4e60\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u62b1\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u6211\u56db\u5e74\u524d\u66fe\u7ecf\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0e\u51af\u80dc\u5e73\u5546\u69b7<\/span>[5]<\/span>\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u770b\u597d\u4e60\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u3002\u56db\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6bd4\u6211\u90a3\u65f6\u9884\u6599\u7684\u8fd8\u8981\u5dee\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002\u6211\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u53c2\u8003<\/span>[5] * <\/span>\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\uff1f<\/span> *<\/span>\u4e00\u8282 \uff09\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u57fa\u672c\u9002\u7528\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u6cd5\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u4f5c\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u591a\u524d\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u66fe\u4e0e\u798f\u5c71\u4f1a\u8c08\u65f6\u8c08\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u4f5c\u4e86\u7b80\u8bc4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u5bf9\u8fd1\u56db\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u6cd5\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u4e86\u4fef\u77b0<\/span>[6]<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u94fe\u63a5\uff09 \u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5e38\u8c08\u5230\u7684<\/span>“<\/span>\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd<\/span>”<\/span>\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u6cd5\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u5546\u9785\u53d8\u6cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb<\/span>[7]<\/span>\u3002\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5f53\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u4f8b\u5916\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u666e\u4e16\u7684\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u666e\u9002\u7684\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u77e5\u9053\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u786e\u7acb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u515a\u7ae0\u4e2d\u518d\u786e\u7acb\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u515a\u7ae0\u548c\u5baa\u6cd5\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u666e\u4e16\u7684\u666e\u9002\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u6c38\u751f\u7684\u795e\u3002\u6cd5\u5236\u6700\u65e9\u521b\u7acb\u4e8e\u5927\u7ea6\u56db\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff08<\/span>Ur-Nammu Code<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>Hammurabi Code<\/span>\u7b49\uff09<\/span>[7] <\/span>\u3002<\/span>Hammurabi <\/span>\u662f\u7f8e\u7d22\u4e0d\u8fbe\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3<\/span>Hammurabi Code<\/span>\u7684\u8be6\u60c5\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5d07\u62dc<\/span>Hammurabi <\/span>\u4e3a\u6c38\u751f\u7684\u795e\u3002\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u5ea6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5927\u6982\u662f\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u3002\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u539f\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5171\u548c\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u5438\u53d6\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u540e\u6765\u5171\u548c\u5236\u8870\u8d25\uff08<\/span>decay<\/span>\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u5e1d\u5236\uff0c\u51ef\u6492\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u4e00\u4f4d\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u5f88\u6613\u8bfb\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u4e66<\/span>[8]<\/span>\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\u90fd\u88ab\u5c01\u4e3a\u795e\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1d\u5148\u9700\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u624d\u88ab\u5c01\u4e3a\u795e\u3002\u8fd9\u9887\u7b26\u5408\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u5c40\u3002\u6bdb\u9093\u767b\u4e0a\u795e\u575b\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u3002\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u660e\u663e\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u9886\u8896\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u6267\u653f\u4e00\u671f\u5c31\u88ab\u5c01\u795e\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5012\u9000\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e2d\u5916\u5a92\u4ecb\u5173\u4e8e\u5341\u4e5d\u5927\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u6bd4\u8f83\u770b\u91cd\u7684\u662f<\/span>PBS<\/span>\u5bf9<\/span>Christopher Johnson<\/span>\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bbf\u8c08<\/span>[10] <\/span>\uff0c<\/span>Johnson<\/span>\u66fe\u5728<\/span>CIA<\/span>\u505a\u8fc7\u8fd1<\/span>20<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u70b9\u6211\u90fd\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u70b9\u6211\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6bdb\u90a3\u6837\u6743\u529b\u72c2\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u4ed6\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u613f\u4ed6\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u6ca1\u6709\u57f9\u517b\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5de9\u56fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u7f51\u4e0a\u6d41\u4f20\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u4e60\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f53\u9ad8\u5b98\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u8fd9\u7bc7\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5b9e\u3002\u4f46\u4ec5\u4ece\u8fd9\u7bc7\u770b\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u548c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u5730\u597d\uff08\u5373\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f00\u660e\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u62b5\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6743\u529b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u67d3\u7f38\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6700\u540e\u56de\u5230<\/span> Acemoglu, Robinson <\/span>\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\uff08<\/span>Inclusive<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u8403\u53d6\u6027\uff08<\/span>Extractive<\/span>\uff09<\/span>institutions<\/span>\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u8be5\u9f13\u52b1\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5411\u5e73\u7b49\u65b9\u5411\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u5230\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d31\u6c11\u72b6\u51b5<\/span>[11]<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u7981\u4f24\u611f\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u6539\u8fdb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/em><\/span><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>1<\/span>\uff09<\/span>Paul A. Samuelson and William D. Nordhaus, “Economics”, McGraw-Hill, Irwin, c2005 18th ed.<\/span><\/em><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>2<\/span>\uff09<\/span>Daron Acemoglu, James Robinson, “Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty,” Crown Business, 2012. <\/span><\/em><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>3<\/span>\uff09\u97e9\u5bb6\u4eae\uff1a\u300a<\/span>Why Nations Fail<\/span>\u300b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u524d\u77bb <\/span>http:\/\/my.cnd.org\/modules\/wfsection\/article.php?articleid=35161<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>4<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u6d2a\u632f\u5feb\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u6ca1\u6709\u8d21\u732e\uff1f<\/span><\/a> http:\/\/hx.cnd.org\/?p=146005<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>5<\/span>\uff09\u97e9\u5bb6\u4eae\uff1a\u4e0e\u51af\u80dc\u5e73\u5546\u69b7\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b <\/span>http:\/\/my.cnd.org\/modules\/wfsection\/article.php?articleid=35493<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>6<\/span>\uff09\u97e9\u5bb6\u4eae\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u738b\u5c90\u5c71\u4f1a\u89c1\u798f\u5c71\u7b49\u4eba\u4e4b\u6211\u89c1 <\/span>http:\/\/www.chinainperspective.com\/ArtShow.aspx?AID=45140<\/span><\/a>; <\/span>\u97e9\u5bb6\u4eae\uff1a\u4e0e\u9676\u8fbe\u58eb\u5546\u69b7\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span> http:\/\/www.chinainperspective.com\/ArtShow.aspx?AID=45283<\/span><\/em><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>7<\/span>\uff09\u97e9\u5bb6\u4eae\uff1a\u79e6\u671d\u5546\u9785\u641e\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb<\/span> http:\/\/hx.cnd.org\/?p=145920<\/span><\/em><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>8<\/span>\uff09<\/span>Simon Baker, “Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire,” BBC Digital, 2010.<\/span><\/em><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>9<\/span>\uff09<\/span>PBS: <\/span>\u8bbf\u8c08<\/span>Christopher Johnson (<\/span>\u66fe\u5728<\/span>CIA<\/span>\u505a\u8fc7\u8fd1<\/span>20<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790<\/span>)<\/span><\/em><\/p>

https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/show\/what-xi-jinpings-power-play-means-for-u-s-china-relations<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>10<\/span>\uff09\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u88ab\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u5f55\u53d6\u524d\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5<\/span><\/em><\/p>

http:\/\/blog.sina.com.cn\/s\/blog_4b672dd80102x3ff.html<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>

\uff08<\/span>11<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u7f57\u65af\u9ad8\uff1a\u519c\u6751\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u600e\u6837\u5f71\u54cd\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span><\/a> <\/em><\/p>

 \u738b\u80dc\uff1a\u7f57\u65af\u9ad8\u771f\u7684\u9519\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>

\u8f9b\u4e0a\u90aa\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c11\u5de5\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8fd8\u662f\u6c11\u5de5\uff1f<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5a92\u4ecb\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e5d\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u591a\u6570\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5b98\u573a\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b98\u573a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6597\u4e89\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thought","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=78076"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78076\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=78076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=78076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=78076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}