{"id":79258,"date":"2017-12-20T04:58:00","date_gmt":"2017-12-20T04:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=79258 "},"modified":"2017-12-20T04:58:00","modified_gmt":"2017-12-20T04:58:00","slug":"79258-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=79258","title":{"rendered":"\u5b5f\u6cf3\u65b0\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u548c\u8c0e\u8c2c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff08\u4e09\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uff08\u6c11\u4e3b\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u5341\u5b57\u65b9\u9488\u5f81\u6587\uff09<\/span><\/p>


<\/p>

\"20171218\u516d\u56db.gif<\/span><\/p>

 \u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7247\uff09<\/span><\/p>

 <\/div>

\u4e09<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong>\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5b66\u4e4b\u7956\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>(Herodotus)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

 <\/p>

1<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53f2\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4e0a\u8282\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8d85\u8d8a\u56de\u89c6\u601d\u8003\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u4f5c\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7406\u6027\u8d85\u8d8a\u56de\u89c6\u601d\u8003\u6cd5\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5373\u9053\u5fb7\u81f3\u5584\u53c8\u80fd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8fa8\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u90a3\u5e94\u8be5\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u5f0f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bb2\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6309\u5fb7\u6587\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u6587\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u5f0f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u90a3\u5c31\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u7684\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53f2\u548c\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u9650\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53f2\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u5148\u53ea\u80fd\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u8ff0\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f2<\/span>(<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u53f2<\/span>)<\/span>\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u9053<\/span>,<\/span>\u53cd\u601d\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u952e\u4e89\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u5bf9\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u53f2<\/span>,<\/span>\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f2<\/span>,<\/span>\u5f53\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u4e86\u89e3<\/span>,<\/span>\u90a3\u5c31\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u514b\u7f57\u9f50\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bba\u70b9<\/span>,<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u540c\u4e00\u8bba\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u514b\u7f57\u9f50\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f2\u8bf4\u548c\u79d1\u6797\u6b66\u5fb7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u672c\u7740\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u548c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66<\/span> \uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u548c\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u6765\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u54f2\u5b66<\/span> \u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u6279\u5224\u53f2\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

2<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5b66\u4e4b\u7956\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>(Herodotus)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\uff08<\/span> Herodotus<\/span>\uff0c\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>484—<\/span>\u524d<\/span>430\/<\/span>\u524d<\/span>420<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8457\u540d\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u65c5\u884c\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u72b9\u5982\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5b66\u5927\u53a6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5757\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u53d9\u4e8b\u4f53\u5386\u53f2\u5de8\u8457\u3002\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u897f\u585e\u7f57\uff08<\/span> Cicero<\/span>\uff09\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e3a“\u53f2\u5b66\u4e4b\u7956”\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u79f0\u53f7\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5bf9\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u786e\u5f53\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6bd4\u8f83\u901a\u884c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5927\u6982\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>490—<\/span>\u524d<\/span>480<\/span>\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5352\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>430—<\/span>\u524d<\/span>420<\/span>\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5730\uff0c\u662f\u6ce2\u65af\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u5e02\u54c8\u5229\u5361\u90a3\u82cf\u65af\uff08<\/span> Halicarnassus<\/span>\uff09<\/span>[<\/span>\u4eca\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u535a\u5fb7\u9c81\u59c6\uff08<\/span>Bordrum<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span>] <\/span>\uff0c\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6ce2\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u7b2c<\/span>1<\/span>\u7701\u533a<\/span>[<\/span>\u53c2\u89c1\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\uff1a\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300bⅢ<\/span>. 90<\/span>\u3002<\/span>]<\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e0c\u814a\u53f2\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6ce2\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u3000\u3000<\/span><\/p>

\u5927\u7ea6\u81ea\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>454<\/span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u8270\u82e6\u7684\u6e38\u5386\uff0c\u8db3\u8ff9\u8e0f\u53ca\u6ce2\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u533a\u3002\u636e\u540e\u4e16\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63a8\u7b97\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8db3\u8ff9\u4e4b\u5e7f\uff0c\u4e1c\u897f\u3001\u5357\u5317\u4e4b\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7ea6<\/span>1700<\/span>\u82f1\u91cc<\/span>\uff08\u7ea6\u5408<\/span>2700<\/span>\u5343\u7c73<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8ddd\u4eca<\/span>2400<\/span>\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u901a\u8bbe\u65bd\u6781\u5176\u843d\u540e\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u754f\u8270\u9669\uff0c\u62ab\u8346\u65a9\u68d8\uff0c\u56db\u5904\u63a2\u8bbf\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u4eca\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u582a\u79f0\u58ee\u4e3e\u7684\u957f\u9014\u8dcb\u6d89\u3002\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u5730\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u773c\u754c\u5927\u5f00\uff1b\u4ed6\u5bfb\u8bbf\u540d\u80dc\u53e4\u8ff9\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u98ce\u571f\u4eba\u60c5\uff0c\u641c\u7f57\u6c11\u95f4\u4f20\u8bf4\u548c\u8da3\u95fb\u9038\u4e8b\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e00\u8fb9\u8003\u5bdf\u5f81\u96c6\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u6574\u7406\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6781\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>

       <\/span><\/p>

\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>443<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u79fb\u5c45\u5230\u96c5\u5178\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u57ce\u90a6\u56fe\u91cc\u4f0a\uff08<\/span> Thurii<\/span>\uff09<\/span>[<\/span>\u4f4d\u4e8e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u534a\u5c9b\u5357\u90e8\u3002<\/span>]<\/span>\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56fe\u91cc\u4f0a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff1b\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e13\u5fc3\u8457\u8ff0\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u901d\u4e16\u3002\u76f8\u4f20\u5728\u56fe\u91cc\u4f0a\u4e3a\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u6240\u7acb\u7684\u5893\u7891\u4e0a\u954c\u523b\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u94ed\u6587\uff1a<\/span><\/p>

     <\/span><\/p>

\u8fd9\u5ea7\u575f\u5893\u91cc\u57cb\u846c\u7740\u5415\u514b\u745f\u65af\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u9ab8\u9aa8\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7528\u4f0a\u5965\u5c3c\u4e9a\u65b9\u8a00\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u591a\u5229\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u91cc\u957f\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8eb2\u907f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u6d41\u8a00\u871a\u8bed\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u56fe\u91cc\u4f0a\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6545\u4e61\u3002<\/span>[<\/span>\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u5f20\u5e7f\u667a\u7b49\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5b66\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/span>2005<\/span>\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c<\/span>13<\/span>\u9875\u3002<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u751f\u9022\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u90a6\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u6b23\u6b23\u5411\u8363\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8033\u95fb\u76ee\u7779\u5f31\u5c0f\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u90a6\u51fb\u8d25\u6ce2\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u503e\u56fd\u4e4b\u5e08\uff0c\u90a3\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u751f\u6b7b\u6538\u5173\u7684\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5c11\u80dc\u591a\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u8bc6\u4e4b\u58eb\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\uff1a\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5174\u8d77\u548c\u5bf9\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u7684\uff1f\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u548c\u5f02\u65cf\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u4f55\u4ee5\u80fd\u6218\u80dc\u4f17\u591a\u5f02\u65cf\u4eba\uff1f\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5e0c\u814a\u65cf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u8da3\u95fb\u9038\u4e8b\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u6027\u683c\uff1f\u53d6\u5f97\u8fc7\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u8c03\u67e5\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u64b0\u5199\u4e00\u90e8\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u548c\u5f02\u65cf\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f02\u65cf\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7eb7\u4e89\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f20\u8bf8\u540e\u4e16\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

3<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u53f2\u5b66\u6210\u5c31<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u6309\u7167\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u91cc\u7684\u5f00\u9996\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u662f\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u7684“\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c”\uff08\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u91cc\u7684<\/span>\u1f39στορίαι<\/span>\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709“\u7814\u7a76”\u3001“\u63a2\u7d22”\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e4b\u53d1\u8868\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u7684“\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b58\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0d\u81f4\u7531\u4e8e\u5e74\u6df1\u65e5\u4e45\u800c\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u9057\u5fd8\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u548c\u5f02\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u8d5e\u53f9\u7684\u4e30\u529f\u4f1f\u7ee9\u4e0d\u81f4\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u5149\u5f69\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u4e89\u6597\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e0b\u6765\u3002”\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u63d0\u51fa“\u4fdd\u5b58\u4eba\u7c7b\u529f\u4e1a”\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u544a\u77e5\u4e16\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e3a\u540e\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u501f\u9274\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u540e\u4eba\u6cbb\u53f2\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u5168\u4e66\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4ece\u5f00\u7bc7\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e94\u5377\u4e3a\u524d\u534a\u90e8\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6ce2\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u5e0c\u6ce2\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ece\u7b2c\u516d\u5377\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5219\u4e13\u95e8\u63cf\u5199\u5e0c\u6ce2\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ecf\u8fc7\uff0c\u5386\u8ff0\u7231\u5965\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8d77\u4e49\u3001\u9a6c\u62c9\u677e\u6218\u5f79\u3001\u8428\u62c9\u7c73\u65af\u6d77\u6218\u3001\u666e\u62c9\u7279\u4e9a\u4e4b\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u653b\u5360\u8d5b\u65af\u6258\u65af\u7ed3\u675f\u5168\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u70b9\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b9e\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u6ce8\u91cd\u5730\u7406\u4eba\u6587\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u6ce8\u91cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u53f2\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u662f\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e94\u662f\u5f00\u521b\u53d9\u8ff0\u4f53\uff0c\u8be5\u7f16\u7e82\u4f53\u4f8b\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u4e66\u7684\u6b63\u5b97\u4f53\u88c1\u3002<\/span> <\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u53f2\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u53e3\u5934\u4f20\u8bf4\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u6750\u6599\u548c\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u6bc1\u8a89\u53c2\u534a\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u8352\u8bde\u65e0\u7a3d\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u6bd4\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7565\u665a\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u8baa\u7b11\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a“\u8c0e\u8a00\u4e4b\u7236”\uff0c<\/span> \u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u53f2\u6599\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u662f\u4eb2\u81ea\u8c03\u67e5\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e3a\u540e\u4e16\u7684\u53d1\u6398\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53f2\u6599\uff0c<\/span> \u4ed6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>

        <\/span><\/p>

\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u65f6\u575a\u6301\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u5bf9\u53f2\u6599\u7684\u9009\u6750\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u535a\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u60c5\u6000\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709“\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49”<\/span> \u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u575a\u6301\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u7528\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u5199\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>

    <\/span><\/p>

\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u8bf4\uff1a“\u4ed6\u7684\u6beb\u65e0\u504f\u89c1\u4ee5\u81fb\u81f3\u6781\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u8f7b\u89c6\u5916\u56fd\u4eba<\/span>———<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u6ce2\u65af\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fb9\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u94a6\u4f69\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u52c7\u6562\u3001\u4fa0\u4e49\u3001\u8bda\u5b9e\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u548c\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u89c1\u95fb\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u8d5e\u53f9\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u65af\u57fa\u6cf0\u4e9a\u548c\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\u4ed6\u4e5f\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u503c\u5f97\u8d5e\u7f8e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002”\u3000<\/span>(<\/span>\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\uff0e<\/span> \u5e0c\u814a\u7cbe\u795e\uff3b\uff2d\uff3d\uff0e\u845b\u6d77\u6ee8\u8bd1\uff0e\u6c88\u9633\uff1a\u8fbd\u5b81\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c<\/span> 2005)<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u5904\u5904\u8d2f\u7a7f\u7740\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6001\u5ea6\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u6240\u8457\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u4e3b\u9898<\/span>(<\/span>\u53d9\u8ff0\u6ce2\u5e0c\u6218\u4e89\u8d77\u56e0\u3001\u8d77\u70b9\u548c\u7ec8\u70b9<\/span>)<\/span>\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5427\u3002\u3000<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u4ece\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u63a8\u5230\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u7531\u4e8e\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e3a\u6d77\u4f26\u653b\u51fb\u8fc7\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u7684\u7279\u6d1b\u4f0a\uff0c\u624d\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u4e0e\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u65f7\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5728\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u8fd9\u4e00\u8457\u4f5c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb<\/span>(<\/span>Ⅰ<\/span>.1. 1)<\/span>\u5c31\u8bf4\uff1a“\u6839\u636e\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u6709\u5b66\u8bc6\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8153\u5c3c\u57fa\u4eba\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u8087\u59cb\u8005\u3002”\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u3000\u3000<\/span><\/p>

\u968f\u540e\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7<\/span>(<\/span>Ⅰ<\/span>. 4. 1)<\/span>\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c“\u4f46\u662f\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u5389\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u5bf9\u6b27\u7f57\u5df4\u53d1\u8d77\u4efb\u4f55\u88ad\u51fb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5c31\u7387\u9886\u7740\u4e00\u652f\u519b\u961f\u5165\u4fb5\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u4e86\u3002”\u771f\u6b63\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u6218\u4e89\u8fdc\u56e0\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4fb5\u7565\u4e86\u6ce2\u65af\u7684“\u9886\u571f”\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u4fb5\u7565\u8fc7\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u7684“\u9886\u571f”\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u548c\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7206\u53d1\u6ce2\u5e0c\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u3000\u3000<\/span><\/p>

\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7<\/span>(I. 1)<\/span>\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31“\u6839\u636e\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u6709\u5b66\u8bc6\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5”\u5c55\u5f00\u4ed6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u5c61\u5c61\u628a\u6ce2\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u7684“\u66b4\u52a8”\u79f0\u4e3a“\u53db\u79bb”\u3002\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u90fd\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u6b27\u7f57\u5df4\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9000\u56de\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684“\u9886\u571f”\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u8a00\u4ee5\u853d\u4e4b\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6216\u8005\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/p>

    <\/span><\/p>

\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u524d\u671f\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u8bf8\u90a6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7531\u4e8e\u77db\u76fe\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u8fde\u8fde\u8d25\u9000\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u800c\u5185\u9646\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u80dc\u4efb\u6d77\u6218\u3002\u6d77\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4f7f\u5e0c\u814a\u8bf8\u90a6\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u5e0c\u6ce2\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9<\/span>——<\/span>\u8428\u62c9\u7c73\u65af\u6d77\u6218\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u6d77\u519b\u4e00\u4e3e\u6b7c\u706d\u6ce2\u65af\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u624d\u904f\u5236\u4f4f\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u3002<\/span><\/p>

    <\/span><\/p>

4<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u5f53\u4eca\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f90\u677e\u5ca9\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u53f2\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b<\/span>2014<\/span>\u5e74\u7b2c<\/span>3<\/span>\u671f\u4e0a\u7684\u300a\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7<\/span>Historia<\/span>\u8bf8\u95ee\u9898\u520d\u8bae\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u5730\u5199\u9053<\/span>,<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

“\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u62db\u81f4\u6307\u8d23\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u867d\u8eab\u4e3a\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u591a\u53d8\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u6279\u8bc4\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7ad9\u5728\u5f02\u65cf\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u7684\u4ec7\u654c\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u64b0\u5199\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e60\u60ef\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5ba2\u89c2\u6c42\u5b9e\u3001\u79c9\u7b14\u76f4\u4e66\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u666e\u904d\u79f0\u9053\u7684\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u4ee5\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u3000\u3000<\/span><\/p>

\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7684“\u4e16\u754c\u6027”\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u6ce2\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a“\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7”\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u773c\u5149\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff1b<\/span> \u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u8fd9\u90e8“\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66”\u5f0f\u7684\u5de8\u8457\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u5b9d\u5e93\u91cc\u4e00\u4efd\u7eda\u4e3d\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u9057\u4ea7\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

\u3000\u3000<\/span><\/p>

\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u7559\u7ed9\u4e86\u540e\u4e16\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u540d\u53e5\uff0c“\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6b32\u4f7f\u4e4b\u706d\u4ea1<\/span>,<\/span>\u5fc3\u5148\u4f7f\u4e4b\u760b\u72c2”\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

 <\/strong>\u56db\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u53f2\u5bb6\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7<\/span><\/strong>(Thucydides)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

 <\/p>

 1<\/span>\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u751f\u5e73\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\uff08\u5e0c\u814a\u6587Θουκυδ<\/span>ί<\/span>δη<\/span>ς <\/span>\u82f1\u6587<\/span>Thucydides,B.C.460<\/span>\u6216<\/span>455<\/span>\uff5e<\/span>400<\/span>\u6216<\/span>395<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u800c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u5360\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5411\u6765\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u7967\u4e4b\u7956\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u88d5\u800c\u663e\u8d35\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5965\u6d1b\u9c81\u9c81\u65af<\/span>,<\/span>\u4e0e\u9a6c\u62c9\u677e\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u6325\u8005\u7c73\u5927\u96c5\u5fb7\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u4ee5\u53ca\u8272\u96f7\u65af\u7684\u738b\u65cf\u90fd\u6709\u4eb2\u621a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>431<\/span>\u5e74\u3002\u516c\u5143\u524d<\/span>424<\/span>\u5e74\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u88ab\u96c5\u5178\u516c\u6c11\u63a8\u9009\u4e3a\u96c5\u5178\u5341\u5c06\u519b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u51ac\u5929\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4f2f\u62c9\u897f\u8fbe\u7387\u9886\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u6218\u961f\u53ca\u8272\u96f7\u65af\u540c\u76df\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\u5b89\u83f2\u6ce2\u91cc\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u5b88\u5c06\u6538\u514b\u5229\u6d3e\u4eba\u5954\u8d74\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5904\u6c42\u6551\u3002\u5f7c\u65f6\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u6070\u597d\u5728\u79bb\u5b89\u83f2\u6ce2\u91cc\u7ea6\u534a\u65e5\u822a\u7a0b\u7684\u5854\u7d22\u65af\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u4fe1\u540e\u9a6c\u4e0a\u7387\u90e8\u524d\u5f80\uff0c\u4f46\u62b5\u8fbe\u65f6\u57ce\u5df2\u88ab\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4eba\u653b\u9677\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u96c5\u5178\u5f53\u5c40\u4ee5\u8d3b\u8bef\u6218\u673a\u3001\u53db\u9006\u901a\u654c\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u88ab\u653e\u9010\u7adf\u8fbe\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u5728\u653e\u9010\u671f\u95f4\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u64b0\u5199\u4e0b\u6765\u843d\u7b14\u6210\u6587\u3002\u653e\u9010\u671f\u6ee1\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u96c5\u5178\u7ee7\u7eed\u64b0\u5199\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e0c\u814a\u5185\u6218<\/span>,<\/span>\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5171\u516b\u5377\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4e07\u5b57\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u5c31\u88ab\u6697\u6740\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u7740\u5b8c\u6210\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

2<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u53f2\u5b66\u6210\u5c31<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u6210\u5c31\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e09\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u4e25\u683c\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5206\u6790\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7ec6\u81f4\u800c\u4e1d\u4e1d\u5165\u6263\u7684“\u8fd8\u539f”\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u5386\u53f2\u79d1\u5b66”\u4e4b\u7236\u3002<\/span><\/p>

    <\/span><\/p>

\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6613\u51c6\u786e\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u6c42\u5b9e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>

      <\/span><\/p>

“\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4ece\u78b0\u5de7\u5728\u573a\u7684\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u51ed\u501f\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff1b\u6211\u6240\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u6211\u4eb2\u5386\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u6211\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u6089\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u4e00\u51c6\u786e\u6838\u5b9e\u8fc7\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u89c1\u8bc1\u540c\u6837\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\u5e76\u975e\u5c31\u4e8b\u8bba\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u504f\u597d\u4e14\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\uff08<\/span>I. 22<\/span>\uff09”<\/span><\/p>

    <\/span><\/p>

\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u66f4\u4ee5\u4fe1\u53f2\u81ea\u8bb8\uff0c\u4ee5“\u8ff0\u771f”\u4e0e“\u786e\u5b9e\u62a5\u9053\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u4e8b”\u4e3a\u804c\u5fd7\u3002\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5386\u53f2\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5ba2\u89c2\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u56e0\u5fc5\u6709\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e0d\u76f2\u4ece\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u7528\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u773c\u5149\u53bb\u5ba1\u89c6\u524d\u4eba\uff0c\u575a\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u667a\u3002\u7406\u667a\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u662f\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u505a\u4eba\u505a\u4e8b\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u56e0\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u540e\u679c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6050\u60e7\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u653f\u6cbb\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e”\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u7236”<\/span>,<\/span>\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c“\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u5f97\u5230\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c”\u3002<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u7126\u70b9<\/span>,<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u96c5\u5178\u548c\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u548c\u7ea6\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89<\/span>(<\/span>\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u4e2d<\/span>)<\/span>\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u70b9<\/span>,<\/span>\u5219\u662f\u516c\u65e0\u524d<\/span>421<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u5c3c\u57fa\u4e9a\u65af\u548c\u7ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u5728\u8bba\u53ca\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u65f6\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>

      <\/span><\/p>

“\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6253\u7834\u548c\u7ea6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5148\u8bb0\u53d9\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u62b1\u6028\u7684\u4e8b\u7531\u53ca\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u77e5\u6653\u4f55\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u573a\u964d\u4e34\u4e8e\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bb0\u53d9\u6240\u63a9\u76d6\u3002\u81f4\u4f7f\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u662f\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee5\u53ca\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u4eba\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

      <\/span><\/p>

\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u4e16\u4f17\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u6790\u7684\u699c\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5“\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u9677\u9631”\u7684\u7531\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u5f62\u52bf\u521d\u89c1\u7aef\u502a\u7684<\/span>1947<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u4e54\u6cbb<\/span>•<\/span>\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/p>

      <\/span><\/p>

“\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4ed6\u5fc3\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u601d\u8003\u8fc7\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6211\u771f\u7684\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u601d\u8003\u5f53\u4eca\u57fa\u672c\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

       <\/span><\/p>

\u62ff\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u96c5\u5178\u548c\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u6765\u7c7b\u6bd4\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u51b7\u6218\u4e2d\u82cf\u8054\u4e1c\u6b27\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u9635\u8425\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\u5df1\u7ecf\u4e3a\u6218\u540e\u56db\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c<\/span> \u62ff\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u96c5\u5178\u548c\u65af\u5df4\u8fbe\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u6765\u7c7b\u6bd4\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5171\u5927\u9646\u7684‘\u5d1b\u8d77’\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u9635\u8425\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u6000\u7591\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u4eba“\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u601d\u8003\u5f53\u4eca\u57fa\u672c\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u3002”\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\u5462<\/span>?<\/span>\u90a3\u53ea\u597d\u8bd5\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u9610\u660e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u63a2\u7a76\u548c\u9610\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u6fc0\u60c5\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u540e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5386\u53f2\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u540e\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>

    <\/span><\/p>

3<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/p>

     <\/span><\/p>

\u9648\u7389\u8043\u5728\u300a\u300a\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86“\u5728\u6ce2\u65af\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u65e0\u79c1\u5730\u534f\u52a9\u5176\u4ed6\u5e0c\u814a\u57ce\u90a6\u7ef4\u62a4\u72ec\u7acb<\/span>,<\/span>\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u60dc\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u5df1\u571f\u5730\u7684\u96c5\u5178<\/span>,<\/span>\u662f\u5982\u4f55<\/span>,<\/span>\u53c8\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5982\u6b64\u8fdd\u80cc\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2<\/span>?<\/span>”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u540e<\/span>,<\/span>\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u5730\u5199\u9053\uff0c“\u6ce2\u65af\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\u8fbe\u5230\u9f0e\u76db\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u504f\u79bb\u6b63\u4e49\u548c\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f2f\u7f57\u5954\u5c3c\u5fb7\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7206\u53d1<\/span>,<\/span>\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5c11\u8282\u5236<\/span>,<\/span>\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>

“<\/span> \u4ee5\u963f\u5c14\u57fa\u6bd4\u963f\u5fb7\u65af<\/span>(<\/span>\u540e\u671f\u96c5\u5178\u9996\u9886\u4e00\u5f15\u8005\u6ce8<\/span>)<\/span>\u4e3a\u5176\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u72c2\u66b4\uff0c\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

“\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7531\u4e8e\u50b2\u6162\u800c\u7f54\u987e\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u60b2\u5267\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

         <\/span><\/p>

\u674e\u6c38\u660e\u5728\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u300b<\/span>2006(6)<\/span>\u7684\u300a\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u7684“\u6b63\u4e49”\u89c2\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u5199\u9053<\/span>,<\/span>“\u4fee\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>,<\/span>\u5bf9\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>,<\/span>\u4f46\u53ef\u60b2\u7684\u662f<\/span>,<\/span>\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u5f88\u8106\u5f31<\/span>,<\/span>\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f<\/span>,<\/span>\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u548c\u6fc0\u60c5\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765<\/span>,<\/span>\u5b83\u4fbf\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0a<\/span>,<\/span>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9020\u6210\u57ce\u90a6\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4eba\u6027\u4e0d\u53d8<\/span>,<\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u707e\u96be“\u5c06\u6765\u6c38\u8fdc\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f”\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

    <\/span><\/p>

“\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/span>,<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa<\/span>,<\/span>\u4fee\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>.<\/span>\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u53bb\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u65e0\u89c6\u6b63\u4e49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00<\/span>,<\/span>\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8d85\u4e4e\u672c\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/span>,<\/span>\u540c\u6837<\/span>,<\/span>\u5728\u57ce\u90a6\u5185\u90e8<\/span>,<\/span>\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u515a\u6d3e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u603b\u4e4b<\/span>,<\/span>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u8bf8\u90a6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fd8\u662f\u8bf8\u57ce\u90a6\u5185\u90e8\u653f\u515a\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u867d\u7136\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u80fd\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236<\/span>,<\/span>\u4f46\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u53c8\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u4fee\u6c0f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u6027\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8574\u6db5\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u601d\u60f3<\/span>,<\/span>\u5373\u5386\u53f2\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span>,<\/span>\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u53c8\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u8868\u73b0<\/span>,<\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6b32\u671b<\/span>(<\/span>\u8d2a\u6b32\u3001\u6743\u529b\u6b32\u7b49\u7b49<\/span>)<\/span>\uff0c\u5373“\u6076”\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7406\u8def\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u7b49\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u76f8\u80cc\u79bb\u7684\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u4ec5\u5bf9\u674e\u6c38\u660e\u7684\u8bc4\u8bae\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u6539\u52a8\uff0c“\u6b63\u4e49\u7b49\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u6642\u662f\u76f8\u80cc\u79bb\u7684\u3002”<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5426\u5b9a\u5b97\u6559\u795e\u7075\u5bf9\u4eba\u4e8b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>,<\/span>\u533a\u5206\u5929\u4eba\u4e4b\u522b<\/span>,<\/span>\u5bf9\u795e\u7075\u4e0e\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8f83\u4e4b\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u5927\u5927\u5730\u524d\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/span><\/p>

   <\/span><\/p>

\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/span>,<\/span>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u4f53\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u4e14\u53e4\u5f80\u4eca\u6765\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e“\u4eba\u6027\u603b\u662f\u4eba\u6027”\uff0c\u4eba\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684<\/span>,<\/span>\u5c06\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u65ad\u8a00<\/span>,<\/span>\u8bfb\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u53ef\u4ee5“\u7406\u89e3\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\u548c\u5c06\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e8b”<\/span>,<\/span>\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u9274\u5f80\u77e5\u6765<\/span>,<\/span>“\u5782\u8bf8\u6c38\u8fdc”\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e4b\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u662f\u5e0c\u7f57\u591a\u5fb7\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<div>\u9650\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u53f2\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u5148\u53ea\u80fd\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u8ff0\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f2(\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u53f2)\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u9053,\u53cd\u601d\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u952e\u4e89\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u5bf9\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,153],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-first","category-democratization-10words","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=79258"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79258\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=79258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=79258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=79258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}