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Glendon\uff09\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u6743\u5229\u8bdd\u8bed\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5f15\u5411\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u79c1\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6743\u5229\u6587\u5316\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4f7f\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u5fc3\u8d2c\u503c\u3002[7]\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u548c\u6c14\u4e00\u56e2\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5178\u5baa\u653f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u548c\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u6212\u5907\u662f\u4e00\u679a\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6076\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fdc\u79bb\u653f\u5e9c\uff1b\u6d88\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u81ea\u7531\u6cfe\u6e2d\u5206\u660e\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u6392\u65a5\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f9d\u8d56\u653f\u5e9c\uff1b\u6743\u5229\u4e43\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u4e4b\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bc9\u6c42\u800c\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u65e0\u5173\uff1b\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u4ec5\u9632\u8303\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u6297\u79c1\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff1b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u6b64\u6d88\u5f7c\u957f\u7684\u96f6\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u970d\u5c14\u59c6\u65af\u548c\u6851\u65af\u5766\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u6765\u52fe\u753b20\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u666f\u8c61\u7684\uff1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u538b\u69a8\u6211\uff01\u201d\u6216\u8005\u5982\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u3002\u91cc\u6839\uff08Ronald Reagan\uff09\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d\u66f4\u8fd1\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u50cf\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u3002\u9ed8\u91cc\uff08Charles Murray\uff09\u548c\u5927\u536b\u3002\u6ce2\u963f\u65af\uff08David Boaz\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u902e\u7740\u653f\u5e9c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u201c\u6210\u4eba\u5728\u8bda\u5b9e\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u5e72\u9884\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e5f\u662f\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u592a\u591a\uff08\u987513-14\uff09\u3002\u53cd\u601d\u8fd9\u4e00\u666f\u8c61\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u300a\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6210\u672c\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002 <\/FONT><FONT size=3><\/FONT><\/P>\r\n<P><FONT 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href=\\\"mailto:j-feng0501@sohu.com\\\"><FONT size=3>j-feng0501@sohu.com<\/FONT><\/A><FONT size=3>.<\/FONT><\/P>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300a\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6210\u672c\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7531\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7a0e\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u7cfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u548c\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b66\u8005\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u3002\u970d\u5c14\u59c6\u65af\uff08Stephen Ho 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