<\/p>
\u516c\u5143<\/span>1875-1907<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u79cb\u747e<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bd7\u4eba\u548c\u9769\u547d\u8005\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd“\u5723\u5973\u8d1e\u5fb7”\u7684\u70c8\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u548c\u51fa\u751f\u5728<\/span>19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5973\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u79cb\u747e\u5bf9\u7f8e\u9152\u3001\u5b9d\u5251\u548c\u5236\u9020\u70b8\u5f39\u5145\u6ee1\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u5979\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u5199\u8bd7\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u82b1\u6728\u5170\uff08\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u6728\u5170\uff09\u7b49\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u4fa0\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\uff0c\u5e7b\u60f3\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u80fd\u591f\u9752\u53f2\u7559\u540d\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4f46\u662f\u5979\u7684\u62b1\u8d1f\u540c\u7236\u6743\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u5f85\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u3002\u79cb\u747e\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6240\u52a8\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u5979\u53cd\u6297\u901a\u884c\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u7b49\u7ea7\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e0d\u7f20\u8db3\uff0c\u6539\u7a7f\u7537\u88c5\uff0c\u65b0\u5a5a\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u79bb\u5bb6\u53bb\u6d77\u5916\u6c42\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> 1907<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>7<\/span>\u6708<\/span>15<\/span>\u65e5<\/span>\uff0c\u65f6\u5e74<\/span>31<\/span>\u5c81\u7684\u5979\u88ab\u63a7\u9634\u8c0b\u63a8\u7ffb\u6ee1\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u906d\u6e05\u519b\u65a9\u9996\uff0c\u8fd9\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u5c31\u5979\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u5148\u9a71\u7684\u7f8e\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5979\u6700\u540e\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee4\u5979\u8dfb\u8eab\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u70c8\u58eb\u7684\u5723\u6bbf\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5723\u5973\u8d1e\u5fb7”\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> “\u79cb\u747e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5973\u6027\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u6237\uff0c\u66f4\u522b\u8c08\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e86\uff0c”\u5317\u4eac\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ae0\u7acb\u51e1\u8bf4\u3002“\u79cb\u747e\u4e0d\u4f46\u4ece\u653f\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5f88\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u3002”<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5728\u5979\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u79cb\u747e\u7ecf\u5e38\u5199\u4e0b\u5979\u76ee\u7779\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u7a92\u606f\u7684\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5979\u5728<\/span>1903<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9996\u8bcd\u4e2d\u6240\u5199\u9053\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u8eab\u4e0d\u5f97<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u7537\u513f\u5217<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5fc3\u5374\u6bd4<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u7537\u513f\u70c8\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5728\u8fd9\u9996\u8bd7\u5199\u4f5c\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u98ce\u96e8\u98d8\u6447\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5904\u4e8e\u672b\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5185\u90e8\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u8150\u8d25\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u79cb\u747e\u7b49\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u79cb\u747e\u5f88\u5feb\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u80a1\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b0\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u6743\u5229\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u643a\u624b\u5e76\u8fdb\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4f46\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u79cb\u747e\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f20\u4e16\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u5979\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a——\u6216\u8bb8\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f——\u5979\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6700\u7ec8\u727a\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> “\u5979\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5973\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u65c1\u8981\u6c42\u5e73\u7b49\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c”\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6b27\u6587\u5206\u6821\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u80e1\u7f28\u8bf4\u3002“\u5979\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7518\u613f\u4e3a\u6b64\u5192\u751f\u547d\u5371\u9669\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u771f\u7684\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5979\u7684\u8bdd\u6d41\u4f20\u81f3\u4eca\u3002”<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u6b63\u5982\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u79cb\u747e\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0e\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u5f88\u96be\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u79cb\u95fa\u747e\u4e8e<\/span>1875<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>11<\/span>\u6708<\/span>8<\/span>\u65e5<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8bf4\u662f<\/span>1877<\/span>\u5e74\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u53a6\u95e8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u843d\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u58eb\u7ec5\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u90b1\u5bff\u5357\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u6bcd\u4eb2\u59d3\u5355\uff0c\u4e5f\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8d6b\u7684\u5b98\u5ba6\u4e4b\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5979\u548c\u54e5\u54e5\u4e0e\u59b9\u59b9\u4e00\u8d77\u5728\u53a6\u95e8\u53ca\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u7956\u7c4d\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u4e1c\u90e8\u57ce\u5e02\u7ecd\u5174\u957f\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4ece\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u662f\u8212\u9002\u5b89\u9038\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5979\u88ab\u8feb\u7f20\u8db3\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u9488\u7ebf\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14——\u5728\u5979\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684——\u8981\u670d\u4ece\u5305\u529e\u5a5a\u59fb\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u79cb\u747e\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u4e3a\u5979\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u662f\u738b\u5ef7\u94a7\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u5546\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u3002<\/span>1903<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7ed3\u5a5a<\/span>7<\/span>\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5e74\u8f7b\u592b\u5987\u5e26\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u4ece\u6e56\u5357\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5bf9\u79cb\u747e\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e1d\u90fd\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u6c89\u95f7\u3002\u5979\u4e0e\u591a\u4f4d\u5fd7\u8da3\u76f8\u6295\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u53cb\u8c0a\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52a1\u4ea7\u751f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5979\u4e0d\u518d\u88f9\u811a\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8c6a\u996e\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7a7f\u7537\u88c5\uff0c\u7ec3\u4e60\u5251\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u5931\u671b\u7ed9\u5979\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u5979\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u6ca1\u6709\u4fee\u517b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728<\/span>1904<\/span>\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u65f6\u5e74<\/span>28<\/span>\u5c81\u7684\u79cb\u747e\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u5979\u79bb\u5f00\u4e08\u592b\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u53d8\u5356\u9996\u9970\uff0c\u4e58\u8239\u4e1c\u6e21\u65e5\u672c\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u79f0\u5979\u4e3a“\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5a1c\u62c9”\uff0c\u5373\u4ea8\u91cc\u514b·\u6613\u535c\u751f\u4f5c\u4e8e<\/span>1879<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u5267\u672c\u300a\u73a9\u5076\u4e4b\u5bb6\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u4e3b\u89d2\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5979\u5728<\/span>1904<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9996\u8bd7\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u9996\u8bd7\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u300a\u6709\u6000·\u6e38\u65e5\u672c\u65f6\u4f5c\u300b\uff1a<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u65e5\u6708\u65e0\u5149\u5929\u5730\u660f\uff0c<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u6c89\u6c89\u5973\u754c\u6709\u8c01\u63f4\uff1f<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u9497\u73af\u5178\u8d28\u6d6e\u6ca7\u6d77\uff0c<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u9aa8\u8089\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u7389\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u653e\u8db3\u6e54\u9664\u5343\u8f7d\u6bd2\uff0c<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u70ed\u5fc3\u5524\u8d77\u767e\u82b1\u9b42\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u53ef\u601c\u4e00\u5e45\u9c9b\u7ee1\u5e15\uff0c<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u534a\u662f\u8840\u75d5\u534a\u6cea\u75d5\uff01<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\uff0c\u79cb\u747e\u5728\u4e0b\u7530\u6b4c\u5b50<\/span>(Shimoda Utako)<\/span>\u7684\u9752\u5c71\u5b9e\u8df5\u5973\u6821\u5c31\u8bfb\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u79cb\u747e\u3002\u4f46\u5979\u628a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7cbe\u529b\u7528\u5728\u4e86\u8bfe\u5802\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5177\u6709\u6539\u9769\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u540c\u6837\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u56de\u56fd\u53d1\u8d77\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5979\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u6e05\u79d8\u5bc6\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5149\u590d\u4f1a\u548c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u540c\u76df\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> 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