![\"2018312merlin_135332079_443c8495-ab66-44f6-a569-faacebb8928d-master1050.jpg](\"http:\/\/mzzg.org\/UploadCenter\/ArticlePics\/2018\/10\/2018312merlin_135332079_443c8495-ab66-44f6-a569-faacebb8928d-master1050.jpg\")
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Shirk)<\/span>\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\u3002“\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u53c8\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002”<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4fee\u6539\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e5\u76ca\u590d\u6742\u548c\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6269\u5927\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> 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“\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u81ea\u4ece<\/span>1982<\/span>\u5e74\u5b9e\u65bd\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u5316\uff0c”\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u7a46\u79cb\u745e<\/span>(Ryan Mitchell)<\/span>\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u6295\u7968\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u4ece\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u9c7c\u8d2f\u800c\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c4a\u6216\u7b2c\u56db\u5c4a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4efb\u671f\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u65b9\u7701\u4efd\u6e56\u5357\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u8c2d\u6cfd\u52c7\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5e94\u8be5\u4efb\u804c\u5230\u4ed6<\/span>78<\/span>\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5728<\/span>2031<\/span>\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u638c\u6743\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> “\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e60\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c”\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u9b4f\u5b66\u5cf0\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u652f\u6301\u8005\u8bf4\u53d6\u6d88\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u5c06\u8ba9\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u907f\u514d\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u6210\u4e3a“\u8ddb\u811a\u9e2d”\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u90e8\u5206\u5176\u4ed6\u8bae\u7a0b\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u987f\u519b\u961f\u3001\u94f2\u9664\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u6781\u7aef\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4f9d\u8d56\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u5b98\u5458\u6c88\u6625\u8000\u5728\u6295\u7968\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5bf9\u8bb0\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u540c\u65f6\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u515a\u7684\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u548c\u519b\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u804c\u4f4d\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u515a\u5185\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eba\u58eb\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u53cd\u5f39\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u7684\u50b2\u6162\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> “\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u60ca\u6050\uff0c”\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6559\u6388\u84dd\u68a6\u6797<\/span>(Patricia Thornton)<\/span>\u8bf4\u3002“\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728\u5206\u4eab\u6743\u529b\u4e0a\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u660e\u663e\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u515a\u5185\u7684\u963b\u529b\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u771f\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u5bb3\u6015\u3002”<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u9884\u793a\u7740\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u548c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> “\u53d6\u6d88\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5143\u9996\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50ed\u4e3b\uff0c”\u66fe\u4efb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e08\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u4f1a\u5f53\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u738b\u6021\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8bdd\u77ed\u4fe1\u8bf4\u3002“\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5199\u8fdb\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4fee\u5baa\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6bc1\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002”<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728<\/span>2013<\/span>\u5e74\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5728<\/span>2013<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u4e0a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4efb\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5728\u4ed6\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u66fe\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span>1982<\/span>\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u5ba3\u8a93\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e24\u5c4a\u4efb\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5bf9\u53d1\u8a93\u8981\u7ed3\u675f\u7ec8\u8eab\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8868\u793a\u81f4\u656c\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u7ec8\u8eab\u804c\u4f4d\u5c06\u9632\u6b62\u50cf\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u59ff\u6001\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4e8b\u5b9e\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u94c1\u8155\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u610f\u81f3\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u6bc1\u6389\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9057\u4ea7\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> “\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5e38\u89c4\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u6e05\u6d17\u8fd0\u52a8——\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u5e26\u9886\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d70\u51fa\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c”\u5361\u5c14·\u7c73\u5179\u7eb3<\/span>(Carl Minzner)<\/span>\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7ebd\u7ea6\u798f\u7279\u6c49\u59c6\u5927\u5b66<\/span>(Fordham University)<\/span>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u548c\u4e00\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5a01\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b0\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002“\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u5f00\u59cb\u50cf\u591a\u7c73\u8bfa\u9aa8\u724c\u4e00\u6837\u5012\u4e0b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5012\u4e0b\u7684\u4f1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f”<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5728\u53d6\u6d88\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5728<\/span>2016<\/span>\u5e74\u51a0\u4ee5\u515a\u7684“\u9886\u5bfc\u6838\u5fc3”\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7ed3\u675f\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u60ca\u8bb6\u548c\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u5c31\u8fde\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e00\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5e74\u5185\u9010\u6b65\u8d70\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u4fee\u6539\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u88ab\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u3002\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u5220\u6389\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u7ebf\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u4eba\u58eb\u88ab\u62d8\u7559\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u524d\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u867d\u7136\u79c1\u4e0b\u91cc\u8868\u793a\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u529b\u91cf\u611f\u5230\u60b2\u89c2\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u573a\u6253\u7834\u4ed6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5468\u65e5\u7684\u6295\u7968\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5bf9\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5bf9<\/span>1999<\/span>\u5e74\u4fee\u6539\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u6761\u6b3e\u7684<\/span>45<\/span>\u5f20\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\u548c\u5f03\u6743\u7968\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f4e\u4e8e<\/span>2004<\/span>\u5e74\u4fee\u5baa\u65f6\u7684<\/span>27<\/span>\u5f20\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\u548c\u5f03\u6743\u7968\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4e0e\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u8fdc\u79bb\u7535\u89c6\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u529d\u5bfc\uff0c\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u7f57\u91cc·\u7279\u9c81\u514b\u65af<\/span>(Rory Truex)<\/span>\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> “\u73b0\u573a\u6c14\u6c1b\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c\u5f88\u5e84\u4e25\u3002”\u8521\u57f9\u8f89\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u6295\u7968\u8868\u51b3\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u6709\u5173\u4fee\u6539\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\u8bf4\u3002“\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f88\u7ec6\u81f4\u3001\u5f88\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002”<\/span><\/p> \u53d6\u6d88\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u4e3a\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\uff1f<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5468\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u7ea6<\/span>3000<\/span>\u540d\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u81f4\u6295\u7968\u540c\u610f\u7ed3\u675f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u4e24\u5c4a\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u804c\u4f4d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b64\u4e3e\u5728\u7531\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8ba9\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u7559\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u675f\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e8b\u5173\u91cd\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b9e\u884c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1f<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece“\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d”\u7684\u52a8\u8361\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\u5e76\u7ec8\u8eab\u5728\u4f4d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> 1982<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u62e8\u4e71\u53cd\u6b63\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d“\u8fde\u7eed\u4efb\u804c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c4a”\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5916\u754c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e4b\u540e\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u518d\u6b21\u53d8\u5f97\u6743\u529b\u8fc7\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8fd8\u4e0d\u50cf\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6ca1\u6709\u5934\u8854\u548c\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4f7f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8d77\u8349\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span>1982<\/span>\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u653f\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e13\u5bb6\u4ecd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ec8\u8eab\u5236\u662f\u4e13\u5236\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u7978\u56e0\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u515a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> “\u4efb\u671f\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u6562\u5411\u9886\u5bfc\u63d0\u610f\u89c1\uff0c”\u53c2\u4e0e\u5236\u5b9a\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u6bc5\u8bf4\u3002“\u6cd5\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u4e00\u5c4a\u4efb\u671f\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u53ef\u8fde\u4efb\u4e00\u5c4a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\uff0c\u5929\u5929\u627e\u78b4\u3002”<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u53d8\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u7684<\/span>?<\/span><\/p> <\/p> 90<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u51c6\u5907\u5c06\u6743\u529b\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5728<\/span>80<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7edf\u6cbb\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fde\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u4e71\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e24\u540d\u95e8\u751f\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u793a\u5a01\u540e\u88ab\u8feb\u8f9e\u804c\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8bd5\u56fe\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4eba\u9009\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u4ed6\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5b89\u6392\u540e\u8005\u767b\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6743\u529b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u804c\u4f4d\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002<\/span>1993<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u63a5\u4efb\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e00\u804c\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4f46\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e5f\u60f3\u786e\u4fdd\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u4e0d\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u7559\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u62d4\u6bd4\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u66ff\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5728\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8eab\u517c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6743\u529b\u5206\u660e\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u7ea6<\/span>10<\/span>\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u804c\u4f4d\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> “\u515a\u7684\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u519b\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u515a\u3001\u5927\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6700\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c”\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u5728<\/span>2004<\/span>\u5e74\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u8fd9\u79cd\u5b89\u6392\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u6743\u529b\u4ea4\u63a5\uff1a<\/span>2002<\/span>\u5e74\u4ece\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u5230\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u516d\u5e74\u524d\u4ece\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u5230\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4e3b\u5e2d\u804c\u4f4d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6743\u529b\u5927\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u804c\u52a1\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u3002\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u519b\u961f\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u53bb\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u522b\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684<\/span>president<\/span>\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u603b\u7edf”\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u628a\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u79f0\u4e3a“\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d”\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b98\u65b9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u79f0\u8c13\u662f“\u56fd\u5bb6\u603b\u7edf”<\/span>(state president)<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u628a\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4eea\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u5e2d\u624b\u63e1\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u6218\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u5165\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u5371\u673a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u804c\u4f4d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u53d1\u8a00\uff1b\u5728\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e3b\u5e2d——\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u5f0f\u9996\u8111——\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u9732\u9762\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5728\u767d\u5bab\u548c\u767d\u91d1\u6c49\u5bab\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u56fd\u4e8b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f85\u9047\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4e9b\u5947\u602a\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\uff1f<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u79f0\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u60f3\u53d6\u6d88\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4fdd\u6301“\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53”\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u515a\u5a92\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5e2d\u804c\u4f4d\u89c4\u5b9a\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u4f4d——\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u548c\u519b\u961f\u4e3b\u5e2d——\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u5904\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a\u5bf9\u515a\u548c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u804c\u4f4d\u89c4\u5b9a\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u672a\u6765\u957f\u671f\u62c5\u4efb\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u626b\u6e05\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> \u5982\u679c\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728<\/span>2023<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u4efb\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4ece\u4e3b\u5e2d\u804c\u4f4d\u4e0a\u4e0b\u53f0\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> 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<\/p> \u5728\u4ed6\u638c\u6743\u7684\u524d\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4efb\u671f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\u53d6\u6d88\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9884\u6d4b\u4ed6\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/span><\/p> <\/p> 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