{"id":82135,"date":"2018-03-31T04:58:00","date_gmt":"2018-03-31T04:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=82135 "},"modified":"2018-03-31T04:58:00","modified_gmt":"2018-03-31T04:58:00","slug":"82135-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=82135","title":{"rendered":"\u6ed5\u5f6a\uff1a\u65b0\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u7684\u53d8\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p><div><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53; font-size: 16px;\">\uff08&#8220;\u300a\u96f6\u516b\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u5341\u5468\u5e74\uff1a\u77e5\u884c\u5408\u4e00&#8221;\u5f81\u6587\uff09<\/span><\/div><div>&nbsp;<\/div><p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\"><\/span><strong><\/strong><\/p>  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/mzzg.org\/UploadCenter\/ArticlePics\/2018\/13\/2018330%E6%96%B0%E6%88%8A%E6%88%8C%E5%8F%98%E6%B3%95.jpg\" alt=\"2018330&#230;\u0096&#176;&#230;\u0088\u008a&#230;\u0088\u008c&#229;\u008f\u0098&#230;&#179;\u0095.jpg (431&#195;&#151;258)\" \/><br \/>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7247\uff09<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e00\u3001\u653f\u53d8\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u53d8\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%\">120<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ef4\u65b0\u6d3e\u5e0c\u671b\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec8\u4ee5\u5eb7\u6881\u9003\u4ea1\u3001\u516d\u541b\u5b50\u558b\u8840\u544a\u7ec8\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u7532\u5b50\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">2018<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u53c8\u662f\u620a\u620c\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4fee\u5baa\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c06&#8220;\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3&#8221;\u5199\u8fdb\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d&#8220;\u9009\u4e3e&#8221;\uff08\u5982\u679c\u90a3\u4e5f\u53eb\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e60\u83b7\u5168\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u6d88\u606f\u4e00\u51fa\uff0c\u6d77\u5185\u5916\u4e00\u7247\u54d7\u7136\uff0c\u60ca\u547c&#8220;\u620a\u620c\u5baa\u6cd5\u653f\u53d8&#8221;\u3001&#8220;\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u6062\u590d\u5e1d\u5236&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5927\u60ca\u5c0f\u602a\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%\">1949<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u9760\u67aa\u6746\u5b50\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u5bc6\u4e0d\u900f\u98ce\u7684\u6781\u6743\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6b7b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5b9e\u884c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e&#8220;\u677e\u7ed1&#8221;\uff0c\u601d\u60f3&#8220;\u89e3\u653e&#8221;\uff0c\u515a\u653f&#8220;\u5206\u5f00&#8221;\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb&#8220;\u91cd\u5efa&#8221;\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u6781\u6743\u5f00\u59cb\u677e\u52a8\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ee5&#8220;\u5a01\u6743\u4f53\u5236&#8221;\u3001&#8220;\u540e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49&#8221;\u6765\u6307\u79f0\u540e\u6bdb\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u540e\u516b\u4e5d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5e9f\u9664\u7ec8\u8eab\u5236\uff0c\u5386\u7ecf\u6c5f\u3001\u80e1\uff0c\u5934\u9886\u53ea\u5e72\u4e24\u5c4a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u5e38\u59d4\u96c6\u4f53\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e0d\u6210\u6587\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">30<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u817e\u98de\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e2d\u5171\u6709\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684&#8220;\u5236\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1&#8221;\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u501f\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u56de\u64a4\u7684\u5927\u52bf\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5f00\u59cb\u653e\u5f03\u9093\u7684&#8220;\u97ec\u5149\u517b\u6666&#8221;\uff0c\u8e0c\u8e87\u6ee1\u5fd7\u5730\u5411\u5168\u7403\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6210\u4e3a&#8220;\u4eba\u7c7b\u547d\u8fd0\u5171\u540c\u4f53&#8221;\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\u4e86\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u5927\u5916\u5ba3\u3001\u4e9a\u6295\u884c\u3001\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u3001\u6269\u519b\u9605\u5175\u3001\u5357\u6d77\u9020\u5c9b\u3001\u53eb\u56a3\u6b66\u7edf\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u527f\u6740\u9999\u6e2f\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u717d\u52a8\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u8f6f\u5b9e\u529b\u3001\u5230\u5904\u79c0\u808c\u8089\uff0c\u6c14\u7130\u76f8\u5f53\u56a3\u5f20\u3002<\/span> <\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e2d\u5171\u7a83\u653f\u8fd1<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">70<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u592a\u591a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6070\u6070\u6b64\u6b21\u4fee\u5baa\u4e0d\u5fc5\u83ab\u540d\u60ca\u8be7\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6700\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4e00\u515a\u5236\u3001\u515a\u56fd\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u72ec\u88c1\u8fd8\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u72ec\u88c1\uff0c\u6027\u8d28\u5e76\u65e0\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u3001\u4eba\u5927\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5bf9\u8981\u6c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u538b\u5236\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">70<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u4e00\u4ee5\u8d2f\u4e4b\uff1b\u515a\u5bf9\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u8206\u8bba\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u57fa\u672c\u6ca1\u53d8\uff1b\u515a\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u7ef4\u6743\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u7b49\u5e26\u6765\u4e9b\u8bb8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u6311\u6218\u3002\u66fe\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7ed9\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u793c\u7269\u3001\u88ab\u671f\u5f85\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\u5de8\u5927\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u5728\u91cd\u91cd\u5c01\u9501\u548c\u56f4\u527f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e00\u7247\u8083\u6740\uff1b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u56fd\u8fdb\u6c11\u9000\uff0c\u6c11\u4f01\u98ce\u5149\u4e0d\u518d\uff1b\u7ef4\u6743\u5f8b\u5e08\u548c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4eba\u58eb\u88ab\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7eb7\u7eb7\u88ab\u5173\u95e8\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u6559\u4f1a\u60e8\u906d\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5165\u72f1\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u538b\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u5664\u82e5\u5bd2\u8749<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e00\u5ea6\u98ce\u98ce\u706b\u706b\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u5229\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165&#8220;\u51b0\u6cb3\u65f6\u4ee3&#8221;\u3002\u4ee5\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u3001\u5e03\u70ed\u6d25\u65af\u57fa\u5173\u4e8e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684&#8220;\u65b0\u6781\u6743&#8221;\uff0c\u548c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8001&#8220;\u6781\u6743&#8221;\uff0c\u4e0d\u591a\u662f\u4e94\u5341\u6b65\u7b11\u767e\u6b65\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8bed\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e60\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u79f0\u5e1d\u4e00\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u53ef\u4e00\u7b11\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e9\u5df2\u51fa\u7089\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u52bf\u4e0d\u53ef\u6321\uff0c\u6d3b\u7740\u65f6\u5019\u540d\u5b57\u5199\u8fdb\u515a\u7ae0\u52a0\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u8f7b\u677e\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u5916\u65e0\u4eba\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6743\u5a01\u8d85\u8fc7\u9093\u5c60\u592b\uff1b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u7403\u8001\u4e8c\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u8000\u6b66\u626c\u5a01\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u5927\u56fd\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u4f4e\u5934\u9891\u9891\u732e\u5a9a\uff0c\u98ce\u5149\u76d6\u8fc7\u6bdb\u6559\u4e3b\u3002\u4e60\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u7a00\u7f55\u7687\u5e1d\uff1f\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u7687\u5e1d\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u8fd9\u4e48\u65e0\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u652b\u53d6\u5982\u6b64\u5de8\u5927\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff1f<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%\">40<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u672a\u66fe\u771f\u6b63&#8220;\u677e\u7ed1&#8221;\uff1a\u6743\u8d35\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u515a\u63a7\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5b98\u5546\u52fe\u7ed3\u3001\u7279\u6743\u8005\u8086\u610f\u63a0\u593a\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u8d22\u4ea7\u4ece\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u6a2a\u884c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u5982\u5047\u5305\u6362\u7684\u76d7\u8d3c\u653f\u6743\uff1b\u601d\u60f3\u672a\u66fe\u771f\u6b63&#8220;\u89e3\u653e&#8221;\uff1a\u5784\u65ad\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5784\u65ad\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u7981\u533a\u3001\u6d17\u8111\u3001\u4e8b\u5148\u5ba1\u67e5\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u72f1\uff1b\u515a\u653f\u672a\u66fe\u771f\u6b63&#8220;\u5206\u5f00&#8221;\uff0c\u515a\u56fd\u540c\u6784\u3001\u4ee5\u515a\u4ee3\u653f\u3001\u4e66\u8bb0\u6302\u5e05\uff0c\u8fde\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u3001\u6c11\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u515a\u652f\u90e8\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e8c\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8fd8\u662f\u6cd5\u5236\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">&#8220;\u6cd5\u6cbb&#8221;\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u672a\u66fe\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u6cd5\u5236\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e4b\u8fa8\uff0c\u5200\u5236\u6c34\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u55a7\u56a3\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u4eca\u53c8\u70ed\u95f9\u767b\u573a\u3002\u6709\u7684\u8bf4\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u53ea\u8bb2&#8220;\u6cd5\u5236&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u653f\u5e9c\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8bb2&#8220;\u6cd5\u6cbb&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u653f\u5e9c\u672c\u8eab\u8981\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u9519\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8003\u5bdf\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5374\u662f\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u7f8e\u5316\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u56fd&#8220;\u6cd5\u6cbb&#8221;\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u66fe\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u79bb\u6cd5\u5236\u4e5f\u5dee\u5f97\u8fdc\u5462\u3002\u4f9d\u6cd5\u7ba1\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9ed1\u76d1\u72f1\u3001\u5f3a\u8feb\u5931\u8e2a\u3001\u9177\u5211\u3001\u52ab\u8bbf\u3001\u8f6f\u7981\u3001\u56fd\u5b89\u56fd\u4fdd\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u76d1\u89c6\u3001\u5e72\u6d89\u53f8\u6cd5\u3001\u64cd\u63a7\u9009\u4e3e\u3001\u5b98\u9ed1\u52fe\u7ed3\u3001\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u682a\u8fde\uff0c\u79cd\u79cd\u975e\u6cd5\u8fdd\u5baa\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u65e0\u65e5\u65e0\u4e4b\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4f53\u5236\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6848\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8\u6cd5\u8f6e\u529f\u3001\u7ef4\u65cf\u4eba\u3001\u85cf\u4eba\u3001\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u3001\u4e0a\u8bbf\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u88ab\u8d34\u4e0a&#8220;\u653f\u6cbb&#8221;&#8220;\u654f\u611f&#8221;\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u5f03\u4e4b\u5982\u655d\u5c65\u3002<strong>\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u4e00\u515a\u5236\u4e0b\u4e89\u6cd5\u5236\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u91cc\u4e89\u5de6\u6d3e\u3001\u53f3\u6d3e\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u66fe\u5728\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\u64b0\u6587\u6307\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u7a7a\u5934\u652f\u7968\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c1a\u672a\u5151\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6253\u7b97\u5151\u73b0\uff0c\u9a97\u4eba\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u636e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a&#8220;\u6c11\u6cd5\u5211\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u591a\u6761\u8c01\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e86\uff1f\u5baa\u6cd5\u662f\u6211\u53c2\u52a0\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u8bb0\u4e0d\u5f97\u3002&#8230;&#8230;\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u9760\u90a3\u4e9b\u3002&#8221;\u4ece\u6bdb\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c6\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e3a\u5e9f\u7eb8\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u3002\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u638c\u6743\u65f6\u8d2c\u4f4e\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u65f6\u624b\u62ff\u5baa\u6cd5\u7ef4\u6743\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u80fd\u7528\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u4f4f\u81ea\u5df1\u6027\u547d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f29\u5f71\u3002\u5baa\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u724c\u574a\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u6811\u7acb\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u73b0\u884c\u5baa\u6cd5\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u3001\u4eba\u8eab\u6743\u3001\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7f8e\u597d\u5e84\u4e25\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b11\u8bdd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u67d0\u519c\u6c11\u571f\u5730\u88ab\u5f81\u4e86\uff0c\u62ff\u7740\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u53bb\u627e\u9547\u957f\u8bc4\u7406\uff0c\u9547\u957f\u628a\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u4e00\u6454\uff0c\u543c\u9053\uff1a\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5baa\u6cd5\u662f\u7ed9\u4f60\u770b\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u90a3\u662f\u7ed9\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u770b\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%\">&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9547\u957f\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u771f\u662f\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5c48\u6307\u53ef\u6570\u7684\u628a&#8220;\u4e13\u653f&#8221;\u5199\u8fdb\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5baa\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5199\u4e86&#8220;\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6743\u529b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11&#8221;\uff0c\u53c8\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u6587\u660e\u63a5\u8f68\u4e86\u5427\u3002\u4f46\u4fe1\u4e86\u4f60\u5c31\u88ab\u9a97\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u8981\u8bf4<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">1970<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u6cd5\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u884c\u653f\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5316\uff0c\u5f8b\u5e08\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6062\u590d\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6536\u5bb9\u5ba1\u67e5\u3001\u6536\u5bb9\u9063\u9001\u3001\u52b3\u6559\u7684\u5e9f\u9664\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7edd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6cd5\u5236\u6311\u6218\u4e00\u515a\u4e13\u5236\u7ea2\u7ebf\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6c11\u95f4\u60f3\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u5f00\u5c55\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u751a\u81f3\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u6c11\u4e3b\u5baa\u653f\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7acb\u5373\u51f6\u76f8\u6bd5\u9732\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">709<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u5927\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5f53\u7136\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u9a97\u53d6\u4f5c\u4e3a&#8220;\u8c61\u5f81\u8d44\u672c&#8221;\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u6c11\u95f4\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u8bdd\u8bed\u548c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u6e20\u9053\u6765\u5f70\u663e&#8220;\u7ef4\u6743&#8221;\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u5ea6\u84ec\u84ec\u52c3\u52c3\uff0c\u7ed9\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5e0c\u671b\uff1b\u4f46\u4e60\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u4efb\u671f\u5bf9\u6c11\u95f4\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5168\u9762\u51fa\u51fb\u548c\u6b8b\u9177\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5b9e\u8df5\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d70\u5411\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5374\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u8005\u9ed1\u5e2e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u975e\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u4e2d\u5171\u8fc8\u5411\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8fc8\u5411\u4e86\u725b\u6d25\u6559\u6388\u65af\u5766<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">&#8226;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u6797\u6839\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">Stein Ringen<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">sophiscated totalitarianism<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">&#8221;\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">Sophiscated<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u590d\u6742\u3001\u7cbe\u81f4\u3001\u8001\u7ec3\u4e4b\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u59d1\u4e14\u7528&#8220;\u8001\u7ec3\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49&#8221;\u540d\u4e4b\u3002<strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u6743\uff0c\u4e25\u5bc6\u7ec6\u81f4\u800c\u4e0d\u50f5\u5316\u6559\u6761\uff0c\u91ce\u86ee\u6b8b\u9177\u800c\u4e0d\u614c\u5f20\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5149\u9c9c\u6587\u660e\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5b9a\u3001\u6c11\u4f17\u62e5\u62a4\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u6781\u5177\u8ff7\u60d1\u6027\u3002<\/strong><\/span><strong><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4f46\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u8bf4\uff0c&#8220;\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53d8\u7740\u6cd5\u6765\u6cbb\u4f60\u3002&#8221;\u6240\u8c13&#8220;\u65b0\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5&#8221;\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u56fd\u5bb6\u76d1\u5bdf\u59d4\u3001\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4efb\u671f\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u82b1\u6837\u7ffb\u65b0\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5baa\u6cd5\u653f\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e09\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u6c5f\u3001\u80e1\u3001\u4e60\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e2d\u5171\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u3001\u519b\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e09\u4e2a\u5934\u8854\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u3001\u519b\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e60\u8981\u60f3\u5230\u671f\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53f0\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9d\u5ea7\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u6743\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u4fee\u5baa\uff0c\u9738\u738b\u786c\u4e0a\u5f13\uff0c\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u754f\u60e7\u3001\u65ad\u4eba\u5ff5\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u9732\u58f0\u8272\u800c\u81ea\u6709\u6740\u6c14\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u9000\u8def\u3002\u5934\u4e00\u4efb\u671f\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3e\u51e1\u53cd\u8150\u3001\u6253\u9ed1\u3001\u519b\u6539\u3001\u6e05\u7f51\u3001\u786e\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u89c4\u77e9\u3001\u91cd\u63a8\u6587\u9769\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u5927\u641e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3a\u6e05\u9664\u5f02\u5df1\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u4e2a\u4eba\u96c6\u6743\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u53cd\u5bf9\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u5e72\u6389\u5468\u6c38\u5eb7\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5211\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5e38\u59d4\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u524d\u5e38\u59d4\uff09\uff0c\u9664\u6389\u4ee4\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u519b\u59d4\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u6253\u5012\u6f5c\u5728\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u5b59\u653f\u624d\uff0c\u7ed1\u67b6\u8d85\u7ea7\u767d\u624b\u5957\u8096\u5efa\u534e\uff0c\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e0e\u9093\u5bb6\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5b89\u90a6\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u9707\u52a8\u3002\u653f\u754c\u3001\u519b\u754c\u3001\u5546\u754c\u88ab\u6253\u6389\u7684\u8001\u864e\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u6000\u6068\u5728\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f3a\u673a\u53cd\u6251\u3002&#8220;\u4e0d\u6293\u90fd\u662f\u5b54\u7e41\u68ee\uff0c\u6293\u4e86\u90fd\u662f\u738b\u5b9d\u68ee&#8221;\uff0c\u548c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c42\u5b98\u5458\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e60\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u81ea\u611f\u4e00\u65e6\u5931\u52bf\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u96be\u9003\u5384\u8fd0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u4fee\u5baa\u767b\u57fa\uff1b\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u3001\u5f20\u52cb\u524d\u8f66\u4e4b\u9274\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6742\u97f3\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u5c31\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u662f\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u66f4\u6df1\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c<strong>\u4ece\u4e2d\u5171\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5927\u52bf\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u72ec\u88c1\u6050\u6015\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u515a\u5e94\u4ed8\u7edf\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/strong>\u65e0\u8bba\u6e10\u8fdb\u3001\u5feb\u8fdb\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6539\u826f\u3001\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u65e9\u5df2\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">1989<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684&#8220;\u793e\u4f1a\u65b0\u52bf\u80fd&#8221;\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u7edf\u6cbb\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4f3c\u4e4e\u552f\u6709\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u3001\u52a0\u5927\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u538b\u5236\u529b\u5ea6\u4e00\u9014\u3002\u6240\u8c13&#8220;\u65b0\u793e\u4f1a\u52bf\u80fd&#8221;\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u3001\u65b0\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316&#8230;&#8230;\u3002\u6240\u8c13&#8220;\u7edf\u6cbb\u5371\u673a&#8221;\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7b49\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u5b98\u6c11\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u751f\u6001\u5371\u673a\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u5371\u673a\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5371\u673a\u3001\u5b98\u5458\u8150\u8d25\uff1b\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea2\u5229\u3001\u5ec9\u4ef7\u52b3\u529b\u7ea2\u5229\u3001\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7ea2\u5229\u9010\u6b65\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u8d2b\u5bcc\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3001\u5916\u6c47\u6d41\u5931\u3001\u623f\u4ea7\u6ce1\u6cab\u3001\u80a1\u5e02\u4e0b\u6ed1\u3001\u503a\u52a1\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u5371\u673a\u56db\u4f0f\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9&#8220;\u4ea1\u515a\u4ea1\u56fd&#8221;\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u8868\u8ff0\u8fc7\uff1b\u72c2\u5984\u5982\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e5f\u8bb2\u8fc7\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7f51\u683c\u5316\u7ef4\u7a33\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3001\u515a\u63a7\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u519b\u961f\u6539\u9769\u3001\u53cd\u8150\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6253\u9ed1\u9664\u6076\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6e05\u6d17\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\u3001\u589e\u5f3a\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u717d\u52a8\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6e05\u7f51\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u5168\u529b\u9547\u538b\u6c11\u95f4\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u9a71\u9010\u4f4e\u7aef\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u63a8\u884c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u3001\u5e9f\u9664\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4efb\u671f\u9650\u5236&#8230;&#8230;\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u624b\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u622a\u7136\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7279\u52a1\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u56fd\u5b89\u3001\u56fd\u4fdd\u3001\u7f51\u8b66\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6d6e\u51fa\u6c34\u9762\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u65e5\u5e38\u63a7\u5236\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u529b\u91cf\u3002<strong>\u79cd\u79cd\u8ff9\u8c61\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684&#8220;\u65b0\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49&#8221;\u6b63\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u515a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u660e\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/strong><\/span><strong><\/strong><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%\">1980<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u6709&#8220;\u6539\u9769\u662f\u627e\u6b7b\u3001\u4e0d\u6539\u9769\u662f\u7b49\u6b7b&#8221;\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e0d\u60f3\u627e\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u7b49\u6b7b\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c&#8220;\u53cd\u5411\u6539\u9769&#8221;\u6ca1\u51c6\u662f\u6d3b\u8def\u4e00\u6761\u3002\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u4eba\u72ec\u88c1\u53d6\u4ee3&#8220;\u4e5d\u9f99\u6cbb\u6c34&#8221;\uff0c\u628a\u5177\u6709\u7ea2\u8272\u8840\u7edf\u5e76\u529b\u4fdd\u7ea2\u8272\u6c5f\u5c71\u7684\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u5851\u9020\u6210\u7ec8\u8eab\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6781\u6743\u653f\u515a\u9762\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5f62\u52bf\u505a\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56de\u60f3<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">2013<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u4eba\u5927\u5f00\u4f1a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7528&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u65b0\u5b8b\u4f53;color:#222222; background:white\">\u7adf\u65e0\u4e00\u4eba\u662f\u7537\u513f<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">&#8221;\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u5f53\u5e74\u65e0\u4eba\u633d\u6551\u82cf\u5171\u7684\u6124\u6168\uff0c\u8bed\u60ca\u56db\u5ea7\u3002\u4e94\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e60\u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u4e16\u4eba\uff0c&#8220;\u7adf\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u662f\u7537\u513f&#8221;\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7d27\u8981\u5173\u5934\uff0c\u62ef\u6551\u4e2d\u5171\u3001\u529b\u633d\u72c2\u6f9c\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u9886\u8896\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u7528\u5f00\u5386\u53f2\u5012\u8f66\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u7ec6\u7a76\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">1949<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u6302\u5728\u5012\u6863\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u53ea\u662f\u72e0\u72e0\u5730\u8e29\u4e86\u4e00\u811a\u6cb9\u95e8\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">2018<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u65b0\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u50cf\u5c11\u89c1\u591a\u602a\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u3002\u548c\u4e60\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\u7684\u5934\u4e94\u5e74\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">2018<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u4ec0\u4e48\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e60\u548c\u6bdb\u5171\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4ea7\u751f\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\uff0c\u6bcb\u5b81\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u6000\u6709\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u6539\u826f\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u3001\u957f\u671f\u4e3a\u4e13\u5236\u80cc\u4e66\u7684\u897f\u65b9&#8220;\u62e5\u62b1\u718a\u732b\u6d3e&#8221;\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u3001\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\uff0c\u4fe1\u8a93\u65e6\u65e6\u5730\u5ba3\u79f0\u5e02\u573a\u5fc5\u7136\u5e26\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u6559\u6388\u4eec\uff0c\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e60\u5927\u5927\u96c6\u6743\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u6765\u641e\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u7684\u77e5\u9053\u5206\u5b50\u4eec\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u597d\u610f\u601d\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u66fe\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6539\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u4e50\u89c2\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u798f\u5c71\u5728\u63a5\u53d7<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%\">BBC<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u4e60\u6bd4\u4f5c\u8ddf\u6bdb\u4e00\u6837\u7684&#8220;\u574f\u7687\u5e1d&#8221;\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a&#8220;\u6211\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u77e5\u9053\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#8230;&#8230;\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002&#8221;&#8220;\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002&#8230;&#8230;\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u671d\u4e0e\u5baa\u653f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5728\u8d70\u3002&#8221;\u738b\u4e39\u79f0\u6b64\u6b21\u4fee\u5baa&#8220;\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u4eb2\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u96c6\u4f53\u53cd\u5f39&#8221;\uff0c\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u8ffd\u8e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff1a\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">&#8212;&#8212;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u4ece\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5230\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u300b\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">2014<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5927\u536b<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%\">&#8226;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u84dd\u666e\u987f\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">David Lampton<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\uff09\u3001\u5728\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4f1a\u8bae\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e8b\u52a1\u8d44\u6df1\u987e\u95ee\u7684\u6770\u5f17\u91cc<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">&#8226;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u8d1d\u5fb7\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">Jeffrey Bader<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53;\">\uff09\u3001\u524d\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u82ae\u6548\u4fed\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%\">J. 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