{"id":8260,"date":"2009-03-05T11:03:11","date_gmt":"2009-03-05T11:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=8260 "},"modified":"2009-03-05T11:03:11","modified_gmt":"2009-03-05T11:03:11","slug":"8260-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=8260","title":{"rendered":"\u665a\u671f\u5a01\u6743\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\uff1a\u4ece\u4e03\u4e03\u5baa\u7ae0\u5230\u96f6\u516b\u5baa\u7ae0"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1. \u96f6\u516b\u5baa\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u8054\u7f72\u4eba\u5171303\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u5b57\u7ecf\u5e38\u3001\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5386\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\\”\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\\”\u6216\\”\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\\”\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6821\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u5f8b\u5e08\u3001\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u957f\u671f\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5bcc\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u5192\u9669\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u548c\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\uff0c\u6545\u79f0\\”\u793e\u8fd0\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\\”\u3002\u4e0e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u89c4\u6a21\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u53cc\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u6b64\u756a\u4e09\u767e\u4f59\u4f4d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u66fe\u53d7\u5230\u5e73\u9762\u5a92\u4f53\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u7684 \\”\u65b0\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\\”\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b2004\u5e74\u8bc4\u9009\u7684\\”\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b5050\u4eba\\”\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u5408\u7684\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5b9e\u4e3a\\”\u8fd0\u52a8\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\\”(Cf. Rutten and Baud, 2004:197)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3a\u793e\u8fd0\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u521b\u610f\u3001\u62c5\u5f53\u793e\u8fd0\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u9886\u8896\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u3002\u5bf9\u6bd420\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5176\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u53d7\u52301989\u8fd0\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60ca\u6151\u540e\uff08Fewsmith, 2001: 21\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u88ab\u4e5d\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u5b66\u672f\u4f53\u5236\u6269\u5f20\u6240\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u8fd0\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7fa4\u4f53\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b66\u672f\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u5e74\u7eaa\u591a\u572830\u523040\u5c81\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5373\u793e\u8fd0\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u7684\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u62c5\u5f53\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u4e00\u4ee3\\”\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\\”\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

2. \u96f6\u516b\u5baa\u7ae0\u9009\u62e9\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u53d1\u5e03\u516d\u5341\u5468\u5e74\u53732008\u5e7412\u670810\u65e5\u524d\u5915\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u4eba\u6743\u662f\u5176\u7eb2\u9886\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5373\\”\u4eba\u6743\u5baa\u7ae0\\”\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6743\u5229\u6846\u67b6\u533a\u9694\u5f00\u4e5d\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u516b\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8d2f\u7a7f\u65e9\u671f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u6846\u67b6\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e0e\u4fdd\u5b88\u5e76\u5b58\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u8bba\u8d44\u6e90\u8d2b\u4e4f\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u52a8\u5458\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e0e\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u8131\u8282\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f15\u81f4\u5931\u8d25(Vittoz, 1993; Goldman et al., 2002; McAdam, Tarrow and Tilly, 2001)\u3002\u4e5d\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u6297\u4e89\u884c\u52a8\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6297\u4e89\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u3001\u7136\u540e\u4e3b\u5f20\u975e\u5e38\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u5229\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ef4\u6743\u6d3b\u52a8\u51e0\u4e4e\u6d89\u53ca\u5409\u767b\u65af\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u793e\u8fd0\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u56db\u4e2a\u6743\u5229\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5373T.H.\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u6240\u5212\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u751f\u6001\u6743\u5229(Jary 1995)\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u516c\u7ea6\u6240\u5f3a\u5236\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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3. \u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u8857\u5934\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bf7\u613f\u548c\u6297\u8bae\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u548c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4ece1998\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5747\u6709\u6570\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee52003\u5e74\u5b59\u5fd7\u521a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5c01\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u4e3a\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e5f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5f15\u53d1\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u6216\u8005\u95f4\u6b47\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7b14\u8005\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u793e\u8fd0\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u9f13\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u8fd0\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e5d\u96f6\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u8fc5\u901f\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u4ece1998\u5e74\\”\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5883\u754c\\”\u7f51\u7ad9\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001BBS\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u7ec4\u3001\u535a\u5ba2\u7fa4\u7b49\u8d5b\u535a\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7ad9\u3001\u53d1\u8a00\u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6570\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u53d1\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u5362\u66fc\u6240\u8bf4\u5236\u9020\u5171\u540c\u3001\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u6297\u8bae(Luhmann, [1984]:149,148,173)\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u7684\u5bc6\u96c6\u53d1\u8a00\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u51e0\u4e4e\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8ba8\u8bba\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u6743\u5229\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\uff08\u53d1\u8d34\u4e0e\u8ddf\u8d34\uff09\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u5316\u53c2\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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Pato?ka\u6559\u6388\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e03\u4e03\u5baa\u7ae0\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u81ea1968\u5e74\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u4e4b\u6625\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u5982Linz\u548cStepan(1996)\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\\”\u51bb\u7ed3\u7684\\”\u540e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u6e21\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5207\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6050\u6016\u548c\u5a01\u6151\u3002\u52301977\u5e74\u7684\u516d\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u7b7e\u540d\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u5230700\u3002\u540e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\\”\u56fd\u5bb6-\u4eba\u6c11\\”\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9(Skilling 1978\uff1a200)\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

1979\u5e74\uff0c\u54c8\u7ef4\u5c14\u5728 \\”\u65e0\u80fd\u8005\u7684\u529b\u91cf\\”\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u6781\u6743\u89e6\u53ca\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u6234\u7740\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u624b\u5957\u3002\u4e03\u4e03\u5baa\u7ae0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u529b\u91cf\u6c47\u805a\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u540e\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u767d\u624b\u5957\u5e73\u884c\u7684\\”\u5e73\u884c\u6587\u5316\\”\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u6297\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5baa\u7ae0\u65e0\u610f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5bf9\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5baa\u7ae0\u5c31\u50cfPato?ka\u6559\u6388\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\\”\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\\”\uff0c\u5e76\\”\u5c06\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u771f\u76f8\u4e2d\u4eba\u4eec\u805a\u96c6\u5728 \\’ \u5e73\u884c\u6587\u5316\\’\u7684\u4f1e\u4e0b\\”(Havel, 1984)\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

\u57281975\u5e74\u96c6\u4f53\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u6761\u7ea6\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u82cf\u8054\u3001\u4e1c\u6b27\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u90fd\u56e0\u6b64\u9762\u4e34\u6765\u81ea\\”\u4eba\u9053\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\\”\u6216\u8005\\”\u771f\u6b63\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\\”\u7684\u62f7\u95ee\u3002\u5728\u5a01\u6743\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u66f4\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u6297\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\u6447\u6eda\u97f3\u4e50\u6587\u5316\u5219\u5e2d\u5377\u4e1c\u6b27\uff0c\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\u98a0\u8986\u7740\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6587\u5316\u64cd\u7eb5\u3002\u52301981\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u5343\u4e07\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4f1a\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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2. \u96f6\u516b\u5baa\u7ae0\u4e0e\u665a\u671f\u5a01\u6743<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/STRONG>
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