{"id":83469,"date":"2018-05-27T10:09:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-27T10:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=83469 "},"modified":"2018-05-27T10:09:00","modified_gmt":"2018-05-27T10:09:00","slug":"83469-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=83469","title":{"rendered":"\u6cd5\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5206\u6790\u201c\u4e94\u6708\u98ce\u66b4\u201d\u524d\u540e\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u5bf9\u6bdb\u548c\u6587\u9769\u7684\u72c2\u70ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\u6cd5\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5206\u6790“\u4e94\u6708\u98ce\u66b4”\u524d\u540e\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u5bf9\u6bdb\u548c\u6587\u9769\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\"<\/div>
 <\/div><\/div>François Hourmant \u8457\u4f5c\u5c01\u9762<\/small> @edition Odile Jacob<\/small><\/div>

\u4eca\u5e74\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e94\u6708\u98ce\u66b450\u5468\u5e74\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u548c\u8fa9\u8bba\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u987e\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6602\u70ed\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388François Hourmant\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8457\u4f5c\u300a68\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u98ce\u66b4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u6bdb\u65f6\u4ee3\u300b\uff08<\/span>Odile Jacob <\/span><\/a>\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff09\u5c06\u4e94\u6708\u98ce\u66b4\u548c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8086\u8650\u7684\u6587\u9769\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6587\u9769\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5df4\u9ece\u77e5\u8bc6\u827a\u672f\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u754c1966\u5e74\u6380\u8d77\u90a3\u573a\u4e0d\u4e9a\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u9769\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u4f17\u6027\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p><\/h2><\/div>

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\u9996\u5148\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5bf9\u6bdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u98ce\u6f6e\u89e6\u53ca\u5230\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff1f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>

FH : \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u548c\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u662f\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c1967\u5e74\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u8fd8\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u5bf9“\u9769\u547d”\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u4e4b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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\u800c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6279\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u6d1b\u6717·\u5df4\u5c14\u7279\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5165\u9009\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u9662\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c1974\u5e74\u66fe\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5df4\u7279\u672c\u4eba\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f8e\u98df\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u6b23\u8d4f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u4e66\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6587\u5316\u539f\u56e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u6cd5\u5e7f\uff1a\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u5bf9\u6d1b\u6717·<\/strong>\u5df4\u5c14\u7279\u4e00\u884c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u636e\u60a8\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u671f\u95f4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u5931\u671b\u548c\u6cae\u4e27\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u968f\u8eab\u5e26\u7684\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u4e0a\u5199\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5e26\u6279\u8bc4\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8981\u63a9\u76d6\u81ea\u5df1\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5411\u8bfb\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u68a6\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\u76f2\u76ee\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>

FH : \u6d1b\u6717·\u5df4\u5c14\u7279\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u56de\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u786e\u65e2\u4e0d\u5949\u627f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u884c\u968f\u7b14\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u5199\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u671f\u95f4\u9047\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u5ba3\u4f20\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5199\u5230\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u56de\u6765\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u9690\u7792\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u5df4\u5c14\u7279\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u6216\u662f\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6240\u8499\u853d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bd4\u522b\u4eba\u8fd8\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u9192\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u5bf9\u6b64\u4fdd\u6301\u7f04\u9ed8\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\uff0c\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u9769\u547d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u5c5e\u4e8e“\u524d\u536b”\u6d3e\uff08avant- garde\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u524d\u536b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u6587\u5b66\u524d\u536b\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u5206\u5272\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u83f2\u5229\u666e·\u7d22\u6d1b\u5c14\uff08Philippe Soller\uff09\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\u300a\u539f\u6837\u300b\uff08\u300aTel Quel\u300b\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u83f2\u5229\u666e·\u7d22\u6d1b\u5c14\u9080\u8bf7\u5df4\u5c14\u7279\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\uff1b<\/span><\/p>

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u53bb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c \u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6216\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u60f3\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u897f\u8499·\u83b1\u65af\uff08Simon lays \uff09\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a“\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ae\u5f71\u620f”\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u89c2\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u516c\u793e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u5be8\u7b49\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u6307\u6325\u4e0b“\u6210\u529f”\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6240\u89c1\u6240\u95fb\u611f\u5230\u6b23\u559c\u82e5\u72c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u7ed9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u770b\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u540e\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c31\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u88ab\u8499\u853d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u63a5\u5f85\u65f6\u88ab\u8499\u853d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u6b32\u671b<\/span>\uff1a<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53bb\u8fc7\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6700\u597d\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4e0e\u82cf\u4fc4\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u773c\u91cc\u7684\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>

\u6cd5\u5e7f\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u6781\u6709\u5b66\u95ee\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6cf0\u6597\u5728\u6587\u9769\u671f\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u8feb\u8d70\u4e0a\u7edd\u8def\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u516d\uff0c\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5374\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u6781\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\uff0c\u8428\u7279\uff0c\u798f\u67ef\u7b49\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u548c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u66fe\u9677\u5165\u5bf9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u9769\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u7740\u8ff7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8eab\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u7684\u5b9a\u4f1a\u662f\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6781\u6709\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u9020\u8be3\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u8fd9\u80a1\u4e2d\u56fd\u70ed\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>

FH : \u6cd5\u56fd\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u5927\u6279\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u8ff7\uff0c\u60a8\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u548c\u8428\u7279\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7740\u8ff7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u4e8e1965\u5e748\u6708\u548c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u89c1\u8fc7\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u9762\u5e38\u88ab\u8bf4\u6210\u6301\u7eed\u4e863\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u77ed\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u5c3130\u5206\u949f\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281967\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\u8fd9\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u8fdb\u5165\u524d\u53f0\u7684\u7edd\u597d\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c06\u6bdb\u63a8\u5411\u524d\u53f0\uff0c\u66f4\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4ee5\u719f\u6089\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u786e\u88ab\u6bdb\uff0c\u88ab\u6bdb\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u9707\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bdb\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u9769\u547d\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53d1\u52a8\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u957f\u5f81\u7684\u5b9e\u5e72\u5bb6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6709\u5b9e\u6743\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u548c\u9a6c\u5217\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4ee4\u6cd5\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7740\u8ff7\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u5f53\u65f6\u5c31\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u719f\u8bfb\u6bdb\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u624b\u4e00\u672c\u7684\u7ea2\u5b9d\u4e66\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c45\u7136\u4e5f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u9500\u91cf\uff01\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u521a\u624d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5df4\u5c14\u7279\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u88ab\u6bdb\u7684\u4e66\u6cd5\u5438\u5f15\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u603b\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5373\u662f\u624b\u4e2d\u6709\u6743\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8bd7\u4eba\u548c\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u53ef\u80fd\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u7740\u8ff7\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u7efc\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u81f3\u4e8e\u8428\u7279\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6bdb\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u5148\u540e\u906d\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u548c\u84ec\u76ae\u675c\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u6bdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u652f\u6301\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u6bdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u79ef\u6781\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662f\u6bdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ee5\u9769\u547d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bdb\u6d3e\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8428\u7279\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5761\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u91cd\u5f52\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u91cd\u6811\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u6377\u5f84\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u572868\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u98ce\u66b4\u524d\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u5189\u5189\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u540e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u65b0\u661f\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe, \u5df4\u5c14\u7279\u548c\u798f\u67ef\u7b49\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u80a1\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6d2a\u6d41\u524d\uff0c\u8428\u7279\u7684\u5149\u8292\u81ea\u7136\u51cf\u5f31\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u5bf9\u6bdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u627e\u56de\u4e86\u4ed6\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u5a01\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u524d\u53f0\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u6cd5\u5e7f\uff1a\u6cd5\u56fd\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u6bdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u548c\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5fd8\u8bb0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u65f6\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6587\u9769\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5e78\u597d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5916\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u80fd\u4ece\u8868\u8c61\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4f17\u63ed\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6743\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u771f\u76f8\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u897f\u8499·<\/strong>\u83b1\u65af<\/strong>Simon Lays<\/strong>\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u9b4f\u5ef6\u5e74\u5148\u751f\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u9057\u61be\u7684\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u6bdb\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u5f53\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u4f20\u9012\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u6392\u6324<\/strong> <\/strong>……<\/strong><\/p>

FH :\u9b4f\u5ef6\u5e74\u5148\u751f\u5f53\u65f6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5730\u4e0b\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u60c5\u666f\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\uff0c\uff08internationalesituationiste\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u897f\u8499·\u83b1\u65af\u662f\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f \u7684\u7b14\u540d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u540d\u53eb\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14·\u96f7\u514b\u66fc \uff08Pierre Ryckmans\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u501f\u7528\u7684\u8c22\u9601\u5170\uff08Victor Sigalen\uff09 \u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u897f\u8499·\u83b1\u65af\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u662f1971\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u7248\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u4e2d\u56fd\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>

1971\u5e74\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u65b0\u8863\u300b\u65e9\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u6e05\u9664\u5f02\u5df1\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u4f17\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u65b0\u638c\u6743\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u53cd\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u88ab\u6cd5\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u8981\u4e48\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u897f\u8499·\u83b1\u65af\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u8bb2\u975e\u4ed6\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u9053\u542c\u9014\u8bf4\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4fe1\u8a89\u626b\u5730,\u7ed9\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8499\u4e0a\u6c61\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6bdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a·\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5854-\u9a6c\u5207\u9f50\u5947\uff08Maria Antonietta Macciocchi\uff09\u57fa\u4e8e\u5979\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u65c5\u884c\u6240\u89c1\u800c\u5199\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u5927\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u53ca\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u601d\u60f3\u8d5e\u4e0d\u7edd\u53e3\uff1b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u53d7\u5230\u63a8\u5d07\uff0c\u4f46\u897f\u8499·\u83b1\u65af\u7684\u4e66\u5374\u88ab\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u6cd5\u5e7f\uff1a\u897f\u8499·<\/strong>\u83b1\u65af\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u5199\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u62a5\u520a\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u520a\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u56fd\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u62a5\u300b\u9a7b\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u8bb0\u8005\u5374\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u770b\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u6279\u8bc4\u897f\u8499·<\/strong>\u83b1\u65af\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u8a00\u8f9e\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u4e5f\u5728\u6bdb\u601d\u60f3\u72c2\u70ed\u6f6e\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>

FH : \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u65e0\u7591\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u62a5\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f53\u65f6\u6d3e\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7279\u7ea6\u8bb0\u8005\u963f\u5170·\u5e03\u514b\uff08Alain Bouc\uff09\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u9769\u5341\u5206\u7740\u8ff7\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b9e\u60c5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u519c\u6751\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6587\u9769\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u897f\u8499·\u83b1\u65af\u4eba\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u62a5\u520a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u66fe\u770b\u5230\u968f\u7740\u6cb3\u6c34\u98d8\u5230\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u66fe\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5c60\u6740\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u50cf\u963f\u5170·\u5e03\u514b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u5d07\u62dc\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u6fc0\u52b1\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u897f\u8499·\u83b1\u65af\u5f88\u663e\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u6cd5\u5e7f\uff1a\u5e78\u597d\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8c01\u662f\u8c01\u975e\uff0c\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4e86\u897f\u8499\u83b1\u65af\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6587\u9769\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6587\u9769\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>

FH :\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8bc4\u6216\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6bdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u673a\u6784\u91cc\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/span><\/p>

\u6cd5\u5e7f\uff1a\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u53bb\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u7269\u4ee5\u7a00\u4e3a\u8d35<\/strong>……<\/strong><\/p>

FH\uff1a\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u4ece1970\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u5bf9\u5916\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f00\u653e\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u6570\u8fd8\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6709\u9650\u3002\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u5199\u7684\u6e38\u8bb0\u6216\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u611f\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u9080\u524d\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u6709\u4e86\u4e9b\u5148\u950b\u7684\u5473\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/p>

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 <\/p>

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@edition Odile Jacob \u4eca\u5e74\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e94\u6708\u98ce\u66b450\u5468\u5e74\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u548c\u8fa9\u8bba\u8ba8\u8bba […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-issues","category-first","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=83469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83469\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=83469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=83469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=83469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}