{"id":86427,"date":"2018-09-30T01:58:00","date_gmt":"2018-09-30T01:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:10081\/?p=86427 "},"modified":"2018-09-30T01:58:00","modified_gmt":"2018-09-30T01:58:00","slug":"86427-revision-v1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=86427","title":{"rendered":"\u5b5f\u6cf3\u65b0\uff1a\u6211\u7684\u300a\u4e8c\u96f6\u4e00\u516b\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mzzg.org\/UploadCenter\/ArticlePics\/2018\/39\/2018928%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">2018\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7247\uff09<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><br \/><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p 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style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8220;\u5b8c\u5168\u5904\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u548c\u96c6\u4f53&#8221;\uff0c\u4f9d\u51ed\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u548c\u7406\u667a\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u62e5\u62a4&#8220;\u62d2\u7edd\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236&#8221;\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u548c\u5927\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u79ef\u6781\u6295\u8eab\u5230&#8220;\u62d2\u7edd\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236&#8221;\u7684&#8220;\u521b\u5efa\u8fd0\u52a8&#8221;\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u79ef\u6781\u6295\u8eab\u5230&#8220;\u62d2\u7edd\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0b\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u7f51\u7ad9&#8220;\u4e00\u5207\u7531\u4e3b\u7f16\u8bf4\u4e86\u7b97&#8221;\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0b\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e3b\u7f16\u8d23\u4efb\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u7684\u5236\u5ea6&#8221;\u7684&#8220;\u521b\u5efa\u8fd0\u52a8&#8221;\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u62e5\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u5a92\u4f53\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div> 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line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#183;\u7f57\u7d20\u5728\u4ed61938\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6743\u529b\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5c3d\u7ba1\u654f\u9510\u5730\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Totalitarianism\uff09\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u6b63\u5728\u6b65\u6b65\u903c\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\uff0c&#8220;\u5982\u4eca\u5224\u65ad\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e3a\u65f6\u5c1a\u65e9&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u4f46\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u96f6\u96f6\u516b\u5e74\u81f3\u4e8c\u96f6\u96f6\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 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style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5854\u5c14\u8499\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">1\uff0c&#8220;\u6c11\u4e3b\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u548c\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b&#8221;\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">2\uff0c&#8220;\u6c11\u4e3b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02&#8212;&#8212;\u5982\u540c\u5176\u6f14\u8fdb\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837&#8212;&#8212;\u5e76\u50cf\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5176\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u62d2\u7edd\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8bd5\u9519\u6cd5\uff08trial and&nbsp; error\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u529b(Sch&#246;pferkraft)\u548c\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u578b\u7684\u4eba\u9020\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u627f\u8ba4\u5b8c\u5168\u5904\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u3002 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nahe\u3002&#8221;&#8220;\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\u7684\u7ec4\u515a\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u6559\u8ba1\u5212\u76f8\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u3002&#8221;<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u4e09\uff0c\u5bf9\u5217\u5b81\u9996\u521b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 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style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8220;\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4ee3\u8868&#8221;\uff0c\u5c31\u5265\u593a\u4ebf\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u613f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a9\u76d6\u4e5f\u6c38\u8fdc\u63a9\u76d6\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u9996\u521b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236\u4e25\u91cd\u8fdd\u53cd\u516c\u6b63\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:SimSun;\">5\uff09\u5217\u5b81\u9996\u521b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u52c7\u6c14\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p 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style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8220;\u6c11\u4e3b&#8221;\u7684\u88c5\u9970\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5fc5\u7136\u5730\u662f\u8df5\u8e0f\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5171\u548c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u3002&#8220;\u5171\u548c\u539f\u5247\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7ee7\u627f\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u5426\u5b9a,\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5bf9\u7ec8\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u5e9f\u9edc\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u4e00\u4e00\u5b9e\u884c\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u671f\u5236\u548c\u6700\u591a\u4efb\u671f\u5236,\u603b\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e0b\u5c4a\u603b\u7edf\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u547d\u6743\u3001\u63d0\u540d\u6743\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u6743\u3002&#8221;\uff08\u5b5f\u6cf3\u65b0\uff08\u53f8\u9a6c\u6cfe\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\uff0c\u539f\u9023\u8f09\u4e8e\u539f\u5fb7\u570b\u300a\u840a\u8335\u901a\u8a0a\u300b1998\u5e74,\u9ec4\u82b1\u5c97\u6742\u5fd7\u603b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u671f2010\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f2010\u5e748\u670810\u65e5\u7b2c48\u9875\/\u7b2c64\u9875\uff0c\u5927\u7eaa\u51432010-09-15 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 <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u516d\u70b9\u4e5f\u5df2\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8df5\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u56db\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u5a92\u4f53\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u5a92\u4f53\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\uff09<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u5a92\u4f53\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u5a92\u4f53\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\uff09\u6240\u501f\u9274\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5fb7\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u6587\u732e\u6458\u8981\u3002\uff08\u4e2d\u3001\u5fb7\u4e8c\u79cd\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u4f9d\u5fb7\u6587\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\uff09\u73b0\u516c\u5e03\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f81\u6c42\u516c\u8bae\u3002\u82e5\u65e0\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u516c\u5e03\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u6539\u5199\u300a\u300b\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u5a92\u4f53\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u5a92\u4f53\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u6682\u884c\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u516c\u5e03\u8bd5\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">1\uff0c\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7b2c5\u6761 \u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7b2c<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">5\u6761\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u5e94\u5f53\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4eab\u6709\u4ee5\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u56fe\u753b\u81ea\u7531\u8868\u8fbe\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u5176\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u963b\u788d\u5730\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u9014\u5f84\u4e86\u89e3\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4fdd\u969c\u65b0\u95fb\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Art. 5 des Grundgesetzes (GG) als Grundlage des Presserechts.<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Die Grundlage des Presserechts<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Artikel 5 des GG regelt im ersten Absatz die Rechte der Presse und der Meinung. D.h. was die Presse darf:<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Jeder hat das Recht, seine Meinung in Wort, Schrift und Bild frei zu &#228;u&#223;ern und zu verbreiten und sich aus allgemein zug&#228;nglichen Quellen ungehindert zu unterrichten. Die Pressefreiheit und die Freiheit der Berichterstattung durch Rundfunk und Film werden gew&#228;hrleistet. Eine Zensur findet nicht statt.<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">2\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u4fdd\u969c\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u80fd\u4ece\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u83b7\u5f97\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Hier verpflichtet sich der Staat also, die Freiheit der Presse sogar zu sch&#252;tzen und ihr Bestehen zu gew&#228;hrleisten. Damit soll garantiert werden, dass die &#214;ffentlichkeit durch unabh&#228;ngige Stellen informiert wird.<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">3\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u516c\u5171\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u7279\u522b\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u516c\u5171\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u6001\u5ea6\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f\u6279\u5224,\u6216\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u534f\u540c\u53c2\u4e8e\u6c11\u610f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002(\u300a\u5317\u5a01\u5dde\u5a92\u4f53\u6cd5\u300b)<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Die Presse erf&#252;llt eine &#246;ffentliche Aufgabe insbesondere dadurch, da&#223; sie Nachrichten&nbsp; beschafft und verbreitet, Stellung nimmt, Kritik &#252;bt oder auf andere Weise an der Meinungbildung mitwirkt\u3002\uff08\u300aLandespressegesetz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen \u300bvom 24. Mai 1966 &#167; 3 &#214;ffentliche Aufgabe der Presse \uff09<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">4\uff0c\u6743\u8861\u539f\u5219 Das Prinzip der Abw&#228;gung&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u5929\u5e73\u79f0\u76d8\u7684\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5b83\u79f0\u51fa\u6709\u591a\u91cd\uff0c\u7531\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u51c6\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">: \u653f\u6cbb\u7684\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u79c1\u4eba\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u6709\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">In der einen Waagschale liegt das Interesse der &#214;ffentlichkeit. Wie schwer es wiegt, bestimmt man nach folgenden Kriterien\uff08\u8bc4\u5224\u51c6\u5219\uff09:Politische, gesellschaftliche, wirtschaftliche, also jeden betreffende Vorg&#228;nge&nbsp; haben ein hohes Gewicht.Private Vorg&#228;nge, die keinen Einfluss auf die &#214;ffentlichkeit haben, sind vom geringeren Gewicht.<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\">&nbsp;<\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">5\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u4e49\u52a1\u539f\u5219 Die journalistische Sorgfaltspflicht&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u65b0\u95fb\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u8d1f\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8220;wahrheitsgem&#228;&#223;en Berichterstattung verpflichtet&#8221;\uff09\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc&#8220;\u771f\u5b9e\u7684&#8221;\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u6709\u771f\u7684\u624d\u80fd\u51c6\u8bb8\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u67e5\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u4eba\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Ein Journalist ist zur &#8220;wahrheitsgem&#228;&#223;en Berichterstattung verpflichtet&#8221;, sagt das Bundesverfassungsgericht. &#8220;Wahrheitsgem&#228;&#223;&#8221; bedeutet aber nicht, dass nur die &#8220;Wahrheit&#8221; erlaubt ist. Denn diese ist oft nicht zu ermitteln. Z.B. wenn es keine Zeugen f&#252;r ein Geschehen gibt.<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u56e0\u6b64<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8220;\u771f\u5b9e\u62a5\u9053&#8221;\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u5fc5\u9700\u9075\u5b88\u4ed4\u7ec6\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u65b9\u53ef\u51c6\u8bb8\u516c\u5f00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6309\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5b83\u662f\u771f\u7684\u3002&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8220;Wahrheitsgem&#228;&#223;e Berichterstattung&#8221; bedeutet daher, dass die Presse die journalistische Sorgfaltspflicht einhalten muss. Das hei&#223;t, dass ein Journalist nur das ver&#246;ffentlichen darf, was er nach gr&#252;ndlicher Recherche f&#252;r richtig h&#228;lt. Also was seiner Ansicht nach wahr ist.<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">6\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0cDer Deutsche Presserat&nbsp; und&nbsp; Pressekodex<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u662f\u7531\u5fb7\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u8bb0\u8005\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u6240\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u4f9d\u9760\u5b83\u5fb7\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u76d1\u7763\u672c\u8eab\u5982\u6b64\u5730\u8bf4\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u300a\u5a92\u4f53\u60ef\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u60ef\u4f8b\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u867d\u7136\u300a\u5a92\u4f53\u60ef\u4f8b\u300b\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8d1f\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u8d1f\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u91cd\u89c6\u4e4b\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Der Deutsche Presserat ist von deutschen Verlagen und Journalistenverb&#228;nden gegr&#252;ndet. Mit ihm kontrolliert sich die deutsche Presse so zu sagen selbst. Sein wichtigstes Instrument ist ein \u300aPressekodex\u300b, ein berufsethischer Ehrenkodex der Richtlinien und Verhaltensvorschl&#228;ge f&#252;r die Presse enth&#228;lt. Zwar ist der\u300a Pressekodex\u300b kein richtiges bindendes Gesetz, aber die meisten seiner Regelungen entsprechend bindenden Gesetzen. Daher sollte man ihn beachten.<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u51c6\u8bb8\u5b83\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7acb\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u7b49\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u7136\u800c\u51c6\u8bb8\u5b83\u5728\u67d0\u5a92\u4f53\u8fdd\u53cd\u5a92\u4f53\u60ef\u4f8b\u65f6\u8bf4\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u3002\u8fd9\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u635f\u5bb3\u67d0\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Da der Deutsche Presserat keine staatliche Macht hat, darf er &#252;ber Gegendarstellungen, Berichtigungen usw. nicht entscheiden. Jedoch darf er bei Verst&#246;&#223;en gegen den&nbsp; Pressekodex Sanktionen aussprechen. Diese k&#246;nnen durchaus den Ruf einer Redaktion beeintr&#228;chtigen.<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u63a7\u8bc9\uff0c\u7531\u5b83\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u88c1\u51b3\u3002\u6309\u8fdd\u53cd\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\uff0c<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8212;\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u6307\u4ee4&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8212;\u5426\u8ba4&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8212;\u7533\u65a5&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8212;\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u7533\u65a5&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Jedermann kann bei dem Deutschen Presserat eine kostenlose Beschwerde einlegen, &#252;ber die dieser entscheidet. Je nach Schwere des Versto&#223;es verteilt er<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8212;nicht-&#246;ffentliche Hinweise,<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8212;Missbilligungen oder<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8212;R&#252;gen.<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8212;In schweren F&#228;llen spricht er sogar eine &#246;ffentliche R&#252;ge aus.<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">7\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u5fb7\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u6240\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u610f\u89c1\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3001\u7f16\u8005\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5a92\u4f53\u5f62\u8c61\u53ca\u5a01\u671b\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u826f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65e0\u6d89\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u5c65\u884c\u4ed6\u7684\u65f6\u4e8b\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5a92\u4f53\u60ef\u4f8b\u300b\u7684\u524d\u8a00\uff09<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Die im Grundgesetz der Bundesrepublik verb&#252;rgte Pressefreiheit schlie&#223;t die Unabh&#228;ngigkeit und Freiheit der Information, der Meinungs&#228;u&#223;erung und der Kritik ein. Verleger, Herausgeber und Journalisten m&#252;ssen sich bei ihrer Arbeit der Verantwortung gegen&#252;ber der &#214;ffentlichkeit und ihrer Verpflichtung f&#252;r das Ansehen der Presse bewusst sein. Sie nehmen ihre publizistische Aufgabe fair, nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen, unbeeinflusst von pers&#246;nlichen Interessen und sachfremden Beweggr&#252;nden wahr.\uff08Pr&#228;ambel von dem \u300a Pressekodex \u300b\uff09<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u5c0a\u91cd\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u544a\u77e5\u4e8e\u516c\u4f17\u662f\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5a92\u4f53\u4ece\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u7ef4\u62a4\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5a01\u4fe1\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5a92\u4f53\u60ef\u4f8b\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6b3e\uff09<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Die Achtung vor der Wahrheit, die Wahrung der Menschenw&#252;rde und die wahrhaftige Unterrichtung der &#214;ffentlichkeit sind oberste Gebote der Presse.<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Jede in der Presse t&#228;tige Person wahrt auf dieser Grundlage das Ansehen und die Glaubw&#252;rdigkeit der Medien. \uff08Ziffer 1 \uff09<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">8\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u62a4\u89c4\u5219<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u8054\u90a6\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6216\u8005\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65b9\u53ef\u51c6\u8bb8\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u52a0\u5de5\u548c\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Datenschutzvorschriften<\/span><\/p>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">Das Bundesdatenschutzgesetz regelt, dass personenbezogene Daten nur aufgrund gesetzlicher Grundlagen oder mit Einwilligung der Betroffenen erhoben, verarbeitet und genutzt werden d&#252;rfen.<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">9\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8b66\u72ac\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u6743\u529b<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6743\u529b\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u6267\u884c\u7740\u76d1\u5bdf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u85cf\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u544a\u4eba\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u55c5\u89c9\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u5c3d\u804c\u7cbe\u795e\uff08<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&#8220;\u5a92\u4f53\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u55c5\u89c9\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u5c3d\u804c\u7cbe\u795e&#8221;\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u662f\u8bd1\u8005\u7279\u522b\u6dfb\u5165\u7684\uff09\u5c06\u6b64\u4fe1\u606f\u5e7f\u4e3a\u544a\u4e4b\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6b64\u4fe1\u606f\u6301\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u76d1\u5bdf\u529f\u80fd\u5a92\u4f53\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8b66\u72ac\uff0c\uff08&#8221;Wachhunde&#8221; \u3001&#8221;watchdogs&#8221;\uff09\u6216\u7b2c\u56db\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">&nbsp;Schlie&#223;lich &#252;ben die Medien gegen&#252;ber den Machthabern eine Kontrollfunktion aus, indem sie auch solche Informationen verbreiten, die jene gern geheim gehalten h&#228;tten, und zu diesen Informationen kritisch Stellung nehmen. Auf Grund dieser Kontrollfunktion werden die Medien auch als &#8220;Wachhunde&#8221; der Demokratie (watchdogs) oder als &#8220;vierte Gewalt&#8221; bezeichnet.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4f8b<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">:<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">1971\u5e7410\u670810\u65e5\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e5\u62a5\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u4ecb\u5165\u4e86\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6c34\u95e8\u5927\u53a6\u5185\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7ade\u9009\u603b\u90e8\u7684\u7a83\u542c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7531\u4e24\u540d\u5e74\u8f7b\u90ae\u62a5\u8bb0\u8005\u9c8d\u52c3&#183;\u4f0d\u5fb7\u6c83\u5fb7Bob Woodward \u548c\u5361\u5c14&#183;\u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u5766Carl Bernstein \uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u533f\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\uff08\u6b64\u533f\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u66fe\u88ab\u4f0d\u5fb7\u6c83\u5fb7\u548c\u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u5766\u620f\u79f0\u4e3a&#8220;\u6df1\u5589&#8221;\uff0c\u572833\u5e74\u540e\u76842005\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u8c03\u67e5\u5c40\u524d\u526f\u5c40\u957f\u9a6c\u514b&#183;\u8d39\u5c14\u7279\uff09\u62ab\u9732\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e11\u95fb\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u88ab\u8feb\u8f9e\u804c\u548c\u4ee5\u6c34\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6c38\u8fdc\u5730\u8f7d\u5165\u53f2\u518c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5a92\u4f53\u6df1\u5165\u7ec6\u81f4\u3001\u7a77\u8ffd\u4e0d\u820d\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u77e5\u5176\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9aaf\u8d43\u7684\u7a83\u542c\u6848\u60c5\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u5458\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5458\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u7740\u3002<\/span><\/p><div>&nbsp;<\/div>  <p style=\"line-height:150%\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\">\u4e94\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6b67 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;Cambria Math&quot;\">&#8658;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\"> \u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u63a2\u7a76 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;Cambria Math&quot;\">&#8658;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun;\"> \u5bf9\u7b56 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;Cambria Math&quot;\">&#8658;<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;\"> \u5ba3\u8a00 <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;Cambria 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