{"id":92377,"date":"2021-11-27T01:08:48","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T06:08:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=92377"},"modified":"2021-11-26T21:09:57","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T02:09:57","slug":"%e8%a7%a3%e9%a2%9c%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%a4%aa%e5%b9%b3%e5%a4%a9%e5%9b%bd%e7%9a%84%e5%85%b4%e4%ba%a1%e7%9c%8b%e5%ae%97%e6%95%99%e5%9c%a8%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd%e4%b8%ad-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/?p=92377","title":{"rendered":"\u89e3\u989c\uff1a\u4ece\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u5174\u4ea1\u770b\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff082\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_92263\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-92263\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-92263\" src=\"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/tptg1a-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/tptg1a-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/tptg1a-350x230.jpg 350w, https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/tptg1a.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-92263\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u63d2\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a \uff08\u5de6\uff09\u300a\u529d\u4e16\u826f\u8a00\u300b\u5c01\u9762\uff1b\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u519b\u5f8b\u300b<\/p><\/div>\n<h1>3. \u5b97\u6559\u5bf9\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/h1>\n<p>\u66fe\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5464\u550e\uff08Augustus Frederick Lindley\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u5929\u4eac\u6240\u89c1\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5728\u5929\u4eac\u5185\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e5\u7948\u7977\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5148\u7531\u5929\u671d\u5bab\u6bbf\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u5934\u95e8\u5185\u94dc\u9523\u9f50\u9e23\u3002\u9523\u58f0\u6328\u6237\u4f20\u9001\uff0c\u76f4\u4f20\u5230\u57ce\u4e2d\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u89d2\u843d\u3002\u518d\u7531\u57ce\u4e0a\u7684\u54e8\u5175\u4f20\u5230\u56db\u90ca\u3002\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4eac\u57ce\u4e2d\u5404\u5e9c\u5404\u8859\u5404\u9986\u548c\u57ce\u5916\u4e61\u6751\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u4e0b\u8dea\u7948\u7977\u3002\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u7ad9\u5728\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5929\u4eac\u57ce\u4e0a\uff0c\u5915\u9633\u7684\u9980\u8f89\u5728\u5468\u56f4\u6295\u4e0b\u4e86\u5947\u5f02\u7684\u9634\u5f71\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5583\u5583\u7948\u7977\u58f0\u3002\u201d\u301013\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e0e\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6700\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u4f55\u5176\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u201c\u6bcf\u9022\u51fa\u5f81\u548c\u4f5c\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u6216\u6218\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u5411\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7977\u544a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u7ed9\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u548c\u5411\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8c22\u6069\u3002\u201d\u301013\u3011\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e5f\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u58ee\u89c2\u666f\u8c61\u662f\u201c\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u7a7a\u65f7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u642d\u9ad8\u53f0\u3002\u5230\u671f\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u9f50\u96c6\u53f0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u4e07\u4f17\u542c\u8bb2\u3002\u65f6\u4eba\u548f\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5728\u676d\u5dde\u5927\u65b9\u4f2f\u91cc\u5f00\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u6709\u2018\u5802\u4e0b\u4e07\u4eba\u6765\u542c\u8bb2\u2019\u7684\u8bd7\u53e5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u3002\u201d\u301013\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u517c\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u5982\u5fe0\u738b\u674e\u79c0\u6210\u5728\u7ed9\u90e8\u5c06\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u524d\u6587\u996c\u5f1f\u62e9\u4e00\u7a7a\u9614\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53ef\u5bb9\u6570\u4e07\u4eba\u4f2b\u77bb\u8dea\u62dc\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u996c\u5404\u961f\u5b98\u5175\u9884\u5907\u9e21\u732a\u6a80\u9999\u7b49\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u519b\u4f0d\u620e\u884c\u52a1\u987b\u4e25\u8083\uff0c\u4f3a\u5144\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7387\u4f17\u5b98\u5175\u5927\u9f50\u6b22\u547c\u656c\u62dc\u5929\u7236\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5f00\u5bfc\u611a\u8499\u3002\u5373\u4ef0\u4ed7\u5929\u5a01\uff0c\u626b\u9664\u7fa4\u9b3c\uff0c\u6e05\u8083\u6d77\u7586\uff0c\u4ee5\u62a5\u5929\u6069\u3001\u4e3b\u6069\u4e4b\u9ad8\u539a\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u301013\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u5c06\u9886\u662f\u9a71\u4f7f\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u5356\u547d\u7684\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6f14\u8bb2\u5bb6\u3001\u9f13\u52a8\u5bb6\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5bfc\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u4ece\u4e00\u7fa4\u6751\u592b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5e74\u5185\u5c06\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u6253\u5f97\u6b65\u6b65\u540e\u9000\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u6a2a\u534a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u9ad8\u6602\u58eb\u6c14\u4e0e\u5176\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002\u6e05\u5c06\u5468\u5929\u7235\u5728\u7ed9\u53cb\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8bf4\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u201c\u53c8\u5403\u8ff7\u836f\uff0c\u53d7\u521b\u4e0d\u77e5\u3002\u201d\u301014\u3011 \u4ece\u8fd9\u201c\u53d7\u521b\u4e0d\u77e5\u201d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u7684\u52c7\u731b\u65e0\u754f\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u5403\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u8ff7\u836f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u201c\u8ff7\u836f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u91d1\u7530\u6751\u516c\u5f00\u8d77\u4e8b\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u88ab\u6e05\u519b\u56f4\u56f0\u65f6\uff0c\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u7ed9\u5c06\u58eb\u4eec\u4f20\u8bcf\u4e91\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5929\u738b\u8bcf\u4ee4\u5404\u519b\u5404\u8425\u4f17\u5175\u5c06\uff0c\u653e\u80c6\u6b22\u559c\u8e0a\u8dc3\uff0c\u540c\u9876\u5929\u7236\u5929\u5144\u7eb2\u5e38\uff0c\u603b\u4e0d\u7528\u614c\uff0c\u4e07\u4e8b\u7686\u662f\u5929\u7236\u5929\u5144\u6392\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e07\u96be\u7686\u662f\u5929\u7236\u5929\u5144\u8bd5\u5fc3\uff0c\u5404\u5b9c\u771f\u5fc3\u575a\u5fc3\u8010\u5fc3\uff0c\u5bf9\u7d27\u5929\u7236\u5929\u5144\u4e5f\u3002\u5929\u7236\u524d\u6709\u8a00\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u8d8a\u5bd2\u5929\uff0c\u8d8a\u9000\u8863\uff0c\u5404\u575a\u8010\uff0c\u4e07\u4e0d\u77e5\u3002\u2019\u4f17\u5175\u5c06\u5404\u5b9c\u9192\u9192\u3002\u4eca\u636e\u594f\u8bf4\u73b0\u65e0\u76d0\uff0c\u79fb\u8425\u662f\u3002\u53c8\u636e\u594f\u8bf4\u591a\u75c5\u4f24\uff0c\u62a4\u6301\u7d27\u3002\u5144\u5f1f\u59ca\u59b9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4fdd\u9f50\uff0c\u8fb1\u53ca\u5929\u7236\u5929\u5144\u4e5f\u3002\u5404\u519b\u5404\u8425\u5b9c\u95f4\u5300\u8fde\u7edc\uff0c\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u5e94\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u62a4\u6301\u8001\u5e7c\u7537\u5973\u75c5\u4f24\uff0c\u603b\u8981\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4fdd\u9f50\uff0c\u540c\u89c1\u5c0f\u5929\u5802\u5a01\u98ce\u3002\u4f17\u5175\u5c06\u5404\u5404\u9075\uff0c\u94a6\u6b64\uff01\u201d\u30108\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u5929\u7236\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u6216\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u7687\u4e0a\u5e1d\u201d\u3002\u5929\u5144\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u3002\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u5927\u75c5\u4e2d\u5f02\u8c61\u81ea\u547d\u4e3a\u5929\u7236\u7684\u6b21\u5b50\u3001\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u3002 \u201c\u5c0f\u5929\u5802\u201d \u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fe1\u4f17\u5728\u6b7b\u540e\u5347\u5165\u7684\u771f\u5929\u5802\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u4e16\u4ee5\u6d74\u8840\u53ae\u6740\u5f97\u6765\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u521a\u521a\u6253\u51fa\u65d7\u53f7\uff0c\u5373\u88ab\u654c\u4eba\u91cd\u91cd\u56f4\u56f0\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u60ca\u614c\u5931\u63aa\u3001\u81f3\u5c11\u795e\u7ecf\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u800c\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u8fd9\u9053\u8bcf\u4ee4\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u559c\u4e50\u6602\u626c\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u8fd9\u5f88\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u590d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff1a\u56f0\u96be\u4e0d\u8db3\u754f\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u8981\u575a\u5f3a\u3002\u773c\u4e0b\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5e73\u9759\u5e94\u5bf9\u5373\u53ef\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u76d0\u5403\uff0c\u642c\u5bb6\u4fbf\u662f\uff1b\u4f24\u75c5\u591a\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u6276\u6301\u4fbf\u662f\u3002\u56f0\u96be\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8d8a\u8981\u6709\u5e73\u5b89\uff1a\u201c\u8d8a\u5bd2\u5929\uff0c\u8d8a\u9000\u8863\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u662f\u201c\u8bd5\u5fc3\u201d \u2013 \u5929\u7236\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u519b\u5f8b\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u519b\u4e2d\u5175\u58eb\u6253\u4ed7\u5347\u5929\uff0c\u6b64\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u51c6\u54ed\u6ce3\uff0c\u7f18\u662f\u4eba\u6709\u5fd7\u5347\u5929\uff0c\u5df2\u968f\u5929\u7236\u5230\u5927\u5929\u5802\u4eab\u4e07\u5e74\u4e4b\u798f\uff0c\u4f55\u7528\u54ed\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u301015\u3011\u6b7b\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5f52\u5bbf\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u611f\u5c31\u6253\u6d88\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u653e\u80c6\u6b22\u559c\u8e0a\u8dc3\u201d\u3001\u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u65e0\u6240\u754f\u60e7\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5929\u738b\u7684\u8bcf\u4e66\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u519b\u6c11\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u3002\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6155\u7ef4\u5ec9\uff08W. Muirhead\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4ed6\u5230\u5929\u4eac\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6548\u529b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u5e76\u975e\u81ea\u9a84\u81ea\u70ab\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u65bc\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u6210\u529f\u662f\u9547\u5b9a\u800c\u5177\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u524d\u9014\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5475\u62a4\uff0c\u5927\u529f\u5fc5\u6210\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u514b\u670d\u654c\u4eba\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5929\u7236\u3001\u5929\u5144\u7684\u65d7\u4e0b\u4f5c\u6218\u662f\u6781\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u5f53\u5e72\u738b\uff08\u6d2a\u4ec1\u7395\uff09\u5c5e\u4e0b\u5b98\u5458\u96c6\u5408\u65bc\u5176\u6bbf\u524d\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u9752\u5e74\u4e0a\u697c\u800c\u6765\u3002\u6211\u95ee\u5176\u662f\u5426\u4ece\u5f81\u4f5c\u6218\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u662f\u5440\u2019\u3002\u2018\u4e0d\u5bb3\u6015\u53d7\u4f24\u6216\u9635\u4ea1\u5417\u2019\uff1f\u4ed6\u7b54\uff1a\u2018\u54e6\uff0c\u4e0d\uff0c\u4e0d\uff0c\u5929\u7236\u4fdd\u4f51\u6211\u2019\u3002\u2018\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u88ab\u6740\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5462\u2019\uff1f\u2018\u90a3\u672b\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u5c06\u4e0a\u5929\u5802\u2019\u3002\u201d\u301016\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u9648\u5fbd\u8a00\u8bb0\u5f55\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u653b\u9677\u6b66\u660c\u4e00\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u300a\u6b66\u660c\u7eaa\u4e8b\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8d3c\u6700\u611a\u987d\u53ef\u7b11\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u4e34\u9635\uff0c\u6216\u60a3\u75c5\uff0c\u4e3e\u51e1\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\uff0c\u7686\u5bf9\u5929\u7948\u7977\uff0c\u53e3\u5583\u5583\u6c42\u5929\u7236\u9ed8\u4f51\uff0c\u6240\u8c0b\u9042\u610f\u3002\u795d\u6bd5\uff0c\u8d74\u6c64\u8e48\u706b\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u987e\u3002\u201d\u301013\u3011\u4f5c\u8005\u663e\u7136\u5b8c\u5168\u60f3\u8c61\u4e0d\u5230\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u7684 \u201c\u611a\u987d\u53ef\u7b11\u201d \u7684\u7977\u544a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u8d74\u6c64\u8e48\u706b\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u987e\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u53c8\u6587\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u653b\u5165\u5357\u4eac\u6ee1\u57ce\uff08\u516b\u65d7\u5175\u548c\u6ee1\u4eba\u7737\u5c5e\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5185\u57ce\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u666f\uff1a\u201c\u987e\u5f97\u80dc\u5165\u57ce\u4e4b\u519b\u5404\u8def\u56de\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u529b\u731b\u653b\uff0c\u5b88\u519b\u4ea6\u62fc\u547d\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u653b\u519b\u6b7b\u4f24\u65e0\u6570\u3002\u53ca\u57ce\u4e0b\u6b7b\u5c38\u903e\u5343\u5806\u79ef\u6e10\u9ad8\uff0c\u653b\u519b\u4e43\u85c9\u5c38\u800c\u4e0a\u3002\u5b88\u8005\u4e0d\u654c\uff0c\u6ee1\u57ce\u5352\u4e3a\u653b\u7834\u3002\u201d\u301017\u3011\u4e0e\u8fd9\u6837\u58eb\u6c14\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u516b\u65d7\u3001\u7eff\u8425\u5175\u54ea\u91cc\u662f\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8282\u8282\u80dc\u5229\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u65e0\u6240\u754f\u60e7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5168\u5883\uff0c\u8bf4\u5f97\u6700\u591a\u3001\u542c\u5230\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662f\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\uff1a\u201c\u6740\u5c3d\u5996\u9b54\u201d\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u65e9\u665a\uff0c\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u8857\u5c0f\u5df7\u56de\u8361\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u671d\u665a\u656c\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u793c\u62dc\u65e5\u9882\u8d5e\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u8dea\u9ed8\u7977\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5168\u4f53\u594b\u7136\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u9ad8\u547c\u2018\u6740\u5c3d\u5996\u9b54\u2019\u3002\u201d\u301018\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u7f57\u5c14\u7eb2\u5728\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u5168\u4e66\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u8bf4\u660e\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5f00\u5b97\u660e\u4e49\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5c31\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5411\u8bfb\u8005\u8bf4\u660e\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u662f\u521b\u9020\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u8fd9\u4e00\u5927\u65e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u2018\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u2019\uff08\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u80af\u5b9a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u90a3\u4e9b\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u82f1\u96c4\u4eba\u7269\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5f53\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u524d\u5217\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u5343\u5343\u4e07\u4e07\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u7740\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u8fd8\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u201d\u301019\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u628a\u521b\u9020\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f1f\u4e1a\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u6709\u80c6\u91cf\u5bf9\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u7f57\u6c0f\u8fd9\u4e00\u756a\u5ba3\u79f0\u4f3c\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u771f\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u786e\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u9053\u7406\u3002\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u800c\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u613f\u610f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u4e00\u4eba\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5168\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u201d\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u5e76\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8d74\u6c64\u8e48\u706b\u7684\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>4. \u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u4e4b\u5904<\/h1>\n<p>\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6709\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u6e0a\u6e90\u3002\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c9\u9192\u5f97\u81ea\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u534e\u4eba\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7267\u5e08\u6881\u53d1\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u7b80\u5199\u672c\u300a\u529d\u4e16\u826f\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u5728\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7f57\u5b5d\u5168\u7267\u5e08\u90a3\u91cc\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd1\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559\u7684\u793c\u62dc\u3001\u7977\u544a\u3001\u6d17\u793c\u7b49\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u5bf9\u751f\u6b7b\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4f46\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53c8\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u51e0\u90e8\u4e13\u8457\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u8865\u5145\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6fc0\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u653e\u5f03\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8212\u9002\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d74\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8d2b\u7a77\u843d\u540e\u3001\u8fde\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u90fd\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9065\u8fdc\u89d2\u843d\u53bb\u4f20\u64ad\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7f18\u4e8e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u53ef\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e24\u4f8b\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u53c8\u5403\u8ff7\u836f\uff0c\u53d7\u521b\u4e0d\u77e5\u201d\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4f20\u9053\u4e4b\u70ed\u5ff1\u3002\u6d2a\u51af\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u89c9\u9192\u540e\u5728\u4eb2\u53cb\u4e2d\u5927\u529b\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u540e\u6765\u8fdc\u8d74\u5e7f\u897f\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f53\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u300a\u529d\u4e16\u826f\u8a00\u300b\u4e2d\u4f20\u9053\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u961f\u4f0d\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u201c\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u53e3\u5934\u7684\u3001\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e66\u9762\u5ba3\u4f20\u6750\u6599\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u4e5f\u662f\u5386\u4ee3\u519c\u6c11\u8d77\u4e49\u6240\u4ec5\u89c1\u3002\u201c\u867d\u5728\u6700\u521d\u521b\u4e1a\u8270\u8f9b\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u5025\u506c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5fd8\u5370\u4e66\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5370\u4e66\uff0c\u6b64\u5219\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u4e4b\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u5386\u4ee3\u540c\u4e00\u5f00\u57fa\u521b\u4e1a\u5c1a\u672a\u7edf\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u6240\u7f55\u89c1\u8005\u3002\u201d\u301020\u3011\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5370\u4e66\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba3\u4f20\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u4eb2\u81ea\u64b0\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u8f7b\u6613\u6539\u52a8\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6d3e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u4ece\u8fd1\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u6210\u4e66\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u5bf9\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5219\u5927\u4e0d\u7136\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5728\u7678\u597d\u4e09\u5e74\uff08\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7eaa\u5e74\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u519c\u5386\u7678\u4e11\uff08\u8bb3\u2018\u4e11\u2019\u4e3a\u2018\u597d\u2019\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u516c\u51431853\u5e74\uff1b\u4e5f\u5373\u5efa\u90fd\u5929\u4eac\u4e4b\u5e74\uff09\u954c\u5370\u65e7\u7ea6\u3001\u65b0\u7ea6\uff0c\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u8bd1\u540d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u300a\u65e7\u9057\u8bcf\u5723\u4e66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b0\u9057\u8bcf\u5723\u4e66\u300b\u3002\u9881\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u2018\u6216\u6709\u8f7b\u89c6\u5723\u65e8\uff0c\u6ce5\u6267\u7ea6\u4e66\u2019\u7684\uff0c\u65bc\u7532\u5bc5\u56db\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u521d\u4e00\u65e5\u5047\u6258\u5929\u7236\u4e0b\u51e1\u8bf4\u4e24\u4e66\u591a\u6709\u8bb0\u8bb9\uff0c\u2018\u4e0d\u7528\u51fa\u5148\u2019\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u5c31\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6b21\u5929\u7236\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u6279\u89e3\uff0c\u91cd\u884c\u523b\u5370\uff0c\u6539\u79f0\u4e3a\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u65e7\u9057\u8bcf\u5723\u4e66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u524d\u9057\u8bcf\u5723\u4e66\u300b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6821\u52d8\uff0c\u603b\u8ba1\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u7ea6\u6709\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u628a\u65e7\u7ea6\u4eba\u7269\u6539\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5982\u628a\u2018\u6492\u51b7\u4e4b\u738b\u2019\u6539\u4e3a\u2018\u5929\u671d\u738b\u2019\uff0c\u6539\u2018\u4ec1\u4e49\u738b\u2019\u4e3a\u2018\u5929\u738b\u2019\uff0c\u6539\u2018\u5e73\u5b89\u738b\u2019\u4e3a\u2018\u592a\u5e73\u738b\u2019\u7b49\uff0c\u4e8c\u3001\u6539\u8fdd\u72af\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7981\u5f8b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e09\u3001\u6539\u8fdd\u53cd\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u793c\u5236\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u56db\u3001\u6539\u8fdd\u72af\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f26\u5e38\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e94\u3001\u6539\u6389\u6240\u618e\u6076\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u7b49\u5341\u4e00\u9879\u3002\u4ed6\u7947\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u987e\u539f\u4e66\u7684\u672c\u610f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6539\u6210\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u5199\u7684\u6279\u89e3\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6761\u6761\u90fd\u4e3a\u5229\u7528\u800c\u5199\u7684\u3002\u5982\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u524d\u9057\u8bcf\u5723\u4e66\u300b\u9a6c\u592a\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0\u6240\u8bb0\u8036\u7a23\u88ab\u9489\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u65f6\uff0c\u8def\u4eba\u8ba5\u8bee\u4ed6\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\u62c6\u6bc1\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6bbf\uff0c\u4e09\u65e5\u5185\u53c8\u5efa\u9020\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u4e09\u70b9\u662f\u6d2a\uff0c\u4e09\u65e5\u662f\u6d2a\u65e5\u3002\u592a\u5144\u9690\u8bcf\u6d2a\u65e5\u4f5c\u4e3b\uff0c\u590d\u5efa\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5df2\u6bc1\u4e4b\u6bbf\u3002\u94a6\u6b64\u3002\u2019\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u5728\u767b\u5929\u738b\u4f4d\u540e\u5e38\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u2018\u6d2a\u65e5\u2019\uff09\u201d\u301021\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u629b\u5f00\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u4e0d\u8bf4\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u539f\u6587\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u80fd\u591f\u6d41\u4f20\u81f3\u4eca\u800c\u4e0d\u81f3\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u539f\u6587\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u793e\u533a\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u7ecf\u5178\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u5178\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u54ea\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u529b\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff1f\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u6700\u6709\u4fd7\u4e16\u6743\u529b\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u542f\u8fea\u6559\u5316\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6559\u5f92\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u666e\u901a\u5927\u4f17\u88ab\u9694\u7edd\u4e8e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u4ecd\u7136\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u672c\u5b97\u6559\u7ecf\u5178\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5404\u4eba\u5bf9\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8be0\u91ca\u6709\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6559\u5f92\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u6839\u672c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u8fa9\u8bba\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u81ea\u6211\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf9\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6311\u6218\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u6279\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5171\u9e23\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u4e5f\u4eab\u6709\u4e0e\u6559\u5f92\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u9769\u65b0\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6559\u5f92\u53ea\u80fd\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5929\u738b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8be0\u91ca\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u63a2\u8ba8\u3001\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u5ba3\u8bb2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u4ea4\u6d41\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u519b\u6c11\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u53bb\u542c\u201c\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e3b\u6d41\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6781\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>5. \u5b97\u6559\u5bf9\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/h1>\n<p>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bfa\u4f26\u624e\u626c\u628a\u5b97\u6559\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u662f\u5168\u77e5\u3001\u5168\u80fd\u3001\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3001\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5927\u795e (big gods)\u3002\u301022\u3011\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u3001\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u795e\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5e94\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u8272\u5f69\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u6d53\u70c8\u3001\u5bf9\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e16\u4fd7\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u5e72\u9884\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u795e\u5723\u79e9\u5e8f\u5219\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u795e\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u95f4\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u7076\u795e\u3001\u8d22\u795e\u3001\u5988\u7956\u7b49\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c0f\u795e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u524d\u51e0\u8282\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u795e\u662f\u6743\u529b\u65e0\u8fb9\u65e0\u6cbf\u3001\u4f5c\u98ce\u4e13\u6a2a\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u5927\u795e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5927\u795e\u7684\u4fdd\u4f51\u4e0b\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u519b\u6c11\u5728\u8d77\u4e8b\u521d\u671f\u6a2a\u626b\u5e7f\u897f\u5c71\u6c11\u796d\u7940\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u795e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6a2a\u626b\u6e05\u519b\uff0c\u58f0\u5a01\u5927\u632f\u3002\u6559\u58eb\u664f\u739b\u592a(M. T. Yates) \u5728\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u7eaa\u4e8b\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u6bc1\u574f\u5076\u50cf\u795e\u5e99\u5b9e\u60f9\u8d77\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u4f17\u81f3\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u5374\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u6e05\u519b\u770b\u89c1\u4ed6\u4eec\u968f\u4fbf\u6bc1\u574f\u795e\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u5374\u6beb\u65e0\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u884c\u82e5\u65e0\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u60ca\u5f02\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5949\u4e3a\u81f3\u795e\u81f3\u5723\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u6562\u5192\u72af\u4eb5\u51df\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u7adf\u5c14\u6467\u6bc1\u4e4b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5404\u5904\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u540f\uff0c\u6e05\u519b\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u4e00\u89c1\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u5230\uff0c\u4fbf\u5148\u5df2\u4e27\u4e86\u80c6\u5931\u4e86\u9b42\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u301018\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u4e13\u6a2a\u7684\u5927\u795e\u4e5f\u7ed9\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u51e0\u90e8\u4e13\u8457\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53ea\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e24\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u70ed\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u4eba\u683c\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6768\u79c0\u6e05\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u88ab\u6311\u6218\u3002\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u662f\u5929\u7236\u7684\u6b21\u5b50\u3001\u5929\u5144\u8036\u7a23\u4e4b\u5f1f\u3001\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6743\u5a01\u9610\u91ca\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d2a\u867d\u7136\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u65f6\u5c40\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u9ad8\u5c45\u795e\u575b\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u540e\u6765\u8d25\u4ea1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6ed1\u7a3d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u76ee\u662f\u4e1c\u738b\u4e5d\u5343\u5c81\u6768\u79c0\u6e05\u4e0d\u65f6\u7684\u5929\u7236\u9644\u8eab\u8868\u6f14\u3002\u6768\u867d\u7136\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u529b\u8d85\u7fa4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e13\u6a2a\u8dcb\u6248\u3001\u5978\u8bc8\u65e0\u6bd4\u3001\u5668\u91cf\u72ed\u5c0f\u3001\u6218\u7565\u773c\u5149\u77ed\u6d45\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5047\u501f\u5929\u7236\u9644\u4f53\u6b3a\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u592a\u751a\u800c\u5bb3\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u653f\u6743\u5143\u6c14\u5927\u4f24\u3002\u6768\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u9677\u800c\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u5929\u7236\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u524d\u540e\u8fbe\u516b\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5728\u5185\u8ba7\u4e2d\u88ab\u6740\uff0c\u5176\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u5b97\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u795e\u5bf9\u5f02\u5df1\u8005\u548c\u5f02\u5df1\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u65e0\u5e95\u7ebf\u7684\u6b8b\u5fcd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u7269\u90fd\u51a0\u4ee5\u201c\u5723\u201d\u5b57\uff1a\u8d22\u7269\u4ed3\u5e93\u662f\u5723\u5e93\u3001\u58eb\u5175\u662f\u5723\u5175\u3001\u51b2\u950b\u53f7\u89d2\u662f\u5723\u89d2\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u610f\u89c1\u76f8\u5de6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u548c\u7269\u90fd\u79f0\u4e3a\u5996\u3001\u9b54\u3001\u90aa\u3002\u5723\u5175\u89c1\u4e86\u5996\u9b54\uff0c\u5176\u5904\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u5929\u65e9\u665a\u8bf5\u5ff5\u7684\u90a3\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\uff1a\u201c\u6740\u5c3d\u5996\u9b54\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5bf9\u5f02\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u6b8b\u5fcd\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u519b\u5f8b\u300b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u6761\uff1a\u301015\u3011<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51e1\u5144\u5f1f\u4ff1\u8981\u719f\u8bfb\u8d5e\u7f8e\u5929\u6761\uff0c\u5982\u8fc7\u4e09\u4e2a\u793c\u62dc\u4e0d\u80fd\u719f\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u65a9\u9996\u4e0d\u7559\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u51e1\u4f20\u4ee4\u542c\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u5404\u5b98\u6709\u65e0\u6545\u4e0d\u5230\u8005\uff0c\u67b7\u4e03\u4e2a\u793c\u62dc\uff0c\u8d23\u6253\u4e00\u5343\uff0c\u518d\u72af\u65a9\u9996\u4e0d\u7559\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u51e1\u5404\u9986\u4e66\u58eb\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u7f16\u9020\u6b4c\u8c23\u53ca\u4ee5\u51e1\u60c5\u6b6a\u4f8b\u7f16\u6210\u8bd7\u6587\u8ff7\u61de\u5144\u5f1f\u8005\uff0c\u65a9\u9996\u4e0d\u7559\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u51e1\u90aa\u6b4c\u3001\u90aa\u620f\u4e00\u6982\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u805a\u4eba\u6f14\u620f\u8005\uff0c\u5168\u884c\u65a9\u9996\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u51e1\u4e00\u5207\u5996\u4e66\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u6562\u5ff5\u8bf5\u6559\u4e60\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u6982\u7686\u65a9\u3002\u5c14\u7b49\u9759\u5019\u5220\u6539\u954c\u523b\u9881\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u59cb\u51c6\u8bfb\u4e60\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u51e1\u4e00\u5207\u5996\u7269\u3001\u5996\u6587\u4e66\u4e00\u6982\u6bc1\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u79c1\u7559\u8005\uff0c\u641c\u51fa\u8005\u65a9\u9996\u4e0d\u7559\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0d\u5408\u4e0a\u610f\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u65a9\u201d\u5b57\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5927\u4f17\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u8d4f\u7f5a\u6709\u5ea6\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u70ed\u538b\u5012\u4f26\u7406\u5e38\u8bc6\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u524d\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6cd5\u5ea6\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd8\u53ef\u63a8\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u70ed\u9000\u6f6e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u653f\u6743\u7684\u9053\u4e49\u5305\u88b1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u65b0\u5165\u4f0d\u8005\u5206\u9986\u8bad\u7ec3\u5916\uff0c\u5c1a\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u2018\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u2019\u4e4b\u4e3e\uff0c\u4e8e\u9605\u9a6c\u573a\u7b51\u53f0\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u60df\u5176\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u2018\u9738\u9053\u2019\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u4e00\u8d2f\uff1a\u89c1\u6709\u8fab\u8005\u5219\u6740\uff0c\u4e0e\u9a73\u8bd8\u4e4b\u8005\u4ea6\u6740\u3002\u201d\u30109\u3011\u8fab\u5b50\u662f\u6e05\u671d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u88c5\u675f\u3002\u7559\u7740\u8fab\u5b50\u53bb\u53c2\u52a0\u201c\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u201d\u3001\u6216\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u9053\u7406\u201d\u8fa9\u8bba\u5c31\u8981\u88ab\u6740\u5934\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u201d\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5f53\u4e16\u65e0\u4e8c\u3002\u6d88\u706d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6210\u4e86\u8ddf\u5272\u8349\u4e00\u6837\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5929\u4eac\u4e4b\u53d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5317\u738b\u624b\u4e0b\u90e8\u961f\u5bf9\u4e1c\u738b\u515a\u7fbd\u8fdb\u884c\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u201c\u884c\u5211\u8005\u8f84\u4e3a\u5c0f\u7ae5\uff0c\uff08\u6309\uff1a\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u4e2d\u6709\u5c0f\u7ae5\u519b\uff0c\u6700\u51f6\u52c7\uff09\u4ee5\u6740\u4eba\u4e3a\u5b09\u620f\u5a31\u4e50\u4e8b\u3002\u201d\u301023\u3011\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u6b8b\u5fcd\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u6df1\u5165\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e0e\u51b7\u5cfb\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u800c\u51b7\u5374\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u70ed\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u8001\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e00\u65f6\u88ab\u538b\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5927\u4f17\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u7684\u6df1\u539a\u79ef\u6dc0\u6162\u6162\u53c8\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b83\u91cd\u65b0\u5360\u5f97\u4e0a\u98ce\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u6fc0\u8d77\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u6c11\u51b2\u51fb\u65e7\u6587\u5316\u3001\u65e7\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u7a7a\u6cdb\u3001\u964c\u751f\u3001\u9065\u8fdc\u548c\u82cd\u767d\u65e0\u529b\u3002\u519c\u6c11\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5b98\u5175\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u70ed\u60c5\u51b7\u5374\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u56de\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6545\u5730\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u201d\u301024\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6b64\u8865\u5145\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u70ed\u60c5\u9000\u6f6e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u767e\u59d3\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fce\u6765\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u6068\u53c8\u6015\u7684\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u539f\u6765\u662f\u4e00\u4e18\u4e4b\u8c89\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u66f4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6016\u3002\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6781\u6743\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u6743\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3002\u4e0e\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u665a\u671f\u7684\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u66f4\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5a01\u6743\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8981\u5bbd\u677e\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u5f3a\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\u8f6c\u800c\u7ad9\u5728\u6e05\u5ef7\u4e00\u8fb9\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u795e\u8ba9\u65e0\u6570\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e4b\u503e\u5012\uff0c\u5374\u96be\u4ee5\u8bf4\u670d\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5fe0\u738b\u674e\u79c0\u6210\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6e05\u519b\u2018\u591a\u7528\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u5219\u2018\u65e0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\u2019\u201d\u3002\u301025\u3011\u867d\u7136\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u5f00\u79d1\u53d6\u5929\u4e0b\u58eb\u201d\u7684\u8c6a\u8fc8\u7406\u60f3\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4f46\u60c5\u666f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5982\u4ed6\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u7f8e\u597d\uff1a\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u660e\u663e\u5730\u5927\u529b\u4e89\u53d6\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5e94\u8bd5\u7684\u6587\u58eb\u8fd8\u662f\u5be5\u5be5\u65e0\u51e0\u3002\u2026\u2026\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u5360\u9886\u533a\u7684\u6587\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8d23\u6210\u53c2\u52a0\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u8fdd\u8005\u5904\u6b7b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002\u5076\u5c14\u88ab\u8feb\u7684\u5e94\u8bd5\u5b66\u5b50\u5b81\u53ef\u5728\u8bd5\u5377\u5199\u4e0a\u563b\u7b11\u6012\u9a82\u4e4b\u8bcd\u800c\u4ee5\u8eab\u6b89\uff08\u65e7\u4f20\u7edf\uff09\u3002\u201d\u301026\u3011\u5c3d\u7ba1\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u6253\u7740\u5174\u6c49\u706d\u6ee1\u7684\u65d7\u53f7\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u6c49\u4eba\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u805a\u62e2\u5728\u6e05\u5ef7\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6e58\u519b\u3001\u6dee\u519b\u7b49\u90e8\u961f\u4e4b\u6218\u529b\u51f6\u608d\u4e0d\u8f93\u4e8e\u521d\u671f\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u3002\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u5927\u795e\u5bf9\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u795e\u7684\u7edd\u5730\u53cd\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u8282\u8282\u8d25\u9000\u7684\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u65e0\u6570\u5929\u56fd\u519b\u6c11\u60e8\u906d\u6e05\u519b\u6740\u622e\u3002\u88ab\u4fd8\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u4e3b\u8981\u5c06\u9886\u591a\u88ab\u5904\u4ee5\u51cc\u8fdf\u6781\u5211\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u53c8\u6587\u5bf9\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4ee5\u52a8\u5458\u8a00\uff0c\u4e24\u519b\u5f81\u7528\u4e4b\u5175\u5458\uff08\u8fde\u5404\u7701\u54cd\u5e94\u8005\u5408\u8ba1\uff09\u7ea6\u4e00\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8a00\uff0c\u4e24\u519b\u5175\u52c7\u4e0e\u53d7\u5bb3\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee5\u5343\u4e07\u8ba1\u3002\uff08\u636e\u7f8e\u8457\u8005\u536b\u4e09\u754f\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u300bS. W. Williams: The Middle Kingdom\u4e00\u4e66\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ea6\u4e8c\u5343\u4e07\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u8c13\u4e94\u5343\u4e07\uff0c\u4f46\u636e\u9648\u606d\u7984\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u300b\u4e0a\u518c\u9875217\u4f30\u8ba1\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5f53\u5728\u4e00\u4e07\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fc4\u65e0\u786e\u6570\u53ef\u7a3d\u3002\uff09\u201d\u301027\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u64ad\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6d69\u52ab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>-\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n<h1>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h1>\n<ol>\n<li>\u90ed\u5ef7\u4ee5\uff0c\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u6536\u5f55\u4e8e\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d8\u5c40\u300b\uff0c\u8054\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u4e8b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1987\u5e74<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\u53c8\u6587\uff0c\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5168\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u731b\u8fdb\u4e66\u5c4b\uff0c1962\u5e74\u3002\uff08\u4e0b\u79f0\u201c\u7b80\u201d\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c16-17\uff0c19\uff0c23\uff0c35\uff0c41-42\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u90b9\u660e\u5fb7\uff0c\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6559: \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u6559\u6d3e\u201d\uff0c \u300a\u5b66\u672f\u6708\u520a\u300b 1987\u5e74\u7b2c11\u671f59-64<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\uff0c\u7b2c2\u7ae0\uff0c55\uff0c58\uff0c62-63\uff0c72\uff0c74\uff0c106\uff0c108-110\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u7f57\u5c14\u7eb2\uff0c\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u53f2\u300b, http:\/\/www.guoxue123.com\/new\/0001\/tptgs\/index.htm. \uff08\u4e0b\u79f0\u201c\u7f57\u201d\uff09\u7b2c22\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c5\u7ae0<\/li>\n<li>\u8305\u5bb6\u7426\uff08\u4e3b\u7f16\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u901a\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1991\u5e74\u3002\uff08\u4e0b\u79f0\u201c\u8305\u201d\uff09\u4e0a\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff0c184\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u6b66\u5fd7\u7ea2\uff0c\u300a\u5de8\u5a74\u56fd\u300b\uff0chttps:\/\/www.100ben.net\/juyingguo\/\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0<\/li>\n<li>\u7f57\uff0c\u7b2c42\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c1\u7ae0<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\uff0c\u7b2c7\u7ae0\uff0c417\uff0c456\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u8305\uff0c\u5bfc\u8a00\uff0c29\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05 (Fairbank, J. K.)\uff0c\u300a\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u300b, \u5409\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2 2015\uff0c\u7b2c10\u7ae0\uff0c284\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\uff0c\u7b2c3\u7ae0\uff0c117\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u7f57\uff0c\u7b2c22\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c4\u7ae0<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\uff0c\u7b2c5\u7ae0\uff0c276\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u7f57\uff0c\u7b2c30\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c2\u7ae0<\/li>\n<li>\u7f57\uff0c\u7b2c22\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c1\u7ae0<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\uff0c\u7b2c8\u7ae0\uff0c490\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u7f57\uff0c\u7b2c22\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c5\u7ae0<\/li>\n<li>\u7f57\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\uff0c\u7b2c16\u7ae0\uff0c1319\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u7f57\uff0c\u7b2c22\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c3\u7ae0<\/li>\n<li>Norenzayan, A. <em>Big Gods<\/em>. Princeton University Press<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\uff0c\u7b2c17\u7ae0\uff0c1373\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u8305\uff0c\u4e2d\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c17\u7ae0\uff0c451\uff0c455\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u8305\uff0c\u4e2d\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c14\u7ae0\uff0c267\u9875<\/li>\n<li>\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\uff0c\u5218\u5e7f\u4eac\uff0c\u300a\u5251\u6865\u4e2d\u56fd\u665a\u6e05\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u5377\uff09\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u53db\u4e71\u201d\uff0chttp:\/\/www.guoxue123.com\/other\/jq\/qing1\/049.htm<\/li>\n<li>\u7b80\uff0c\u7eea\u8a00\uff0c16-17\u9875<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u70ed\u60c5\u9000\u6f6e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u767e\u59d3\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fce\u6765\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u6068\u53c8\u6015\u7684\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u539f\u6765\u662f\u4e00\u4e18\u4e4b\u8c89\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u66f4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6016\u3002\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6781\u6743\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u6743\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3002\u4e0e\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u665a\u671f\u7684\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u66f4\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5a01\u6743\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8981\u5bbd\u677e\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u5f3a\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\u8f6c\u800c\u7ad9\u5728\u6e05\u5ef7\u4e00\u8fb9\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-first","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=92377"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":92378,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92377\/revisions\/92378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=92377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=92377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=92377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}