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Ponomaryov\u544a\u8bc9\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u300a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u2018\u8fd9\u4f1a\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u62d6\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6838\u5927\u6218\u3002\u2019\u201d\u30103\u30112\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u5362\u6bd4\u5965\u5728\u542c\u53d6\u4e86\u673a\u5bc6\u60c5\u62a5\u6c47\u603b\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u63a8\u7279\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u900f\u9732\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u666e\u4eac\u7684\u795e\u5fd7\u660e\u663e\u6709\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u8ddf\u4e94\u5e74\u524d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u30104\u3011<br \/>\n\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u90fd\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u9519\u4e71\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002<br \/>\n\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u6838\u5371\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u89e3\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5e93\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u5185\u4e0d\u4f1a\u843d\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u66f4\u4e3a\u9519\u4e71\u7684\u5927\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. \u6570\u5b57\u79d1\u6280\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u79d1\u6280\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8bb8\u591a\u5b69\u5b50\u6c89\u8ff7\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u800c\u65e2\u8352\u5e9f\u4e86\u5b66\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8352\u5e9f\u4e86\u8eab\u5fc3\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6210\u957f\u3002\uff082\uff09\u4fee\u6539\u7167\u7247\u548c\u5f55\u50cf\u53d8\u5f97\u6613\u5982\u53cd\u638c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u5927\u91cf\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ee5\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\uff083\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u53d8\u5f97\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u6536\u770b\u3001\u6536\u542c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u80c3\u53e3\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7acb\u3001\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u6cbb\u89c1\u89e3\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\uff084\uff09\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u51b2\u51fb\u8bb8\u591a\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u548c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6570\u636e\u7684\u641c\u96c6\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u4fb5\u8680\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5728\u6781\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6743\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3. \u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u3002\uff081\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u80da\u80ce\u57fa\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u9020\u51fa\u5728\u5916\u89c2\u3001\u5668\u5b98\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5927\u5f02\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u7684 \u201c\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5e76\u672a\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u969c\u788d\u53ea\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u901a\u884c\u4f26\u7406\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u5206\u5b50\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u800c\u9020\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u548c\u7231\u5fc3\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u6700\u7ec8\u706d\u7edd\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u800c\u79f0\u9738\u5730\u7403\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\uff082\uff09\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u690d\u7269\u548c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a (GOF; gain-of-function) \u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u5176\u5bf9\u5bbf\u4e3b\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u3002\u30105\u3011\u4e0d\u5c11\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6000\u7591\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u7684\u5927\u7206\u53d1\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u4ece\u6b66\u6c49\u75c5\u6bd2\u6240\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6240\u81f4\u3002\uff083\uff09\u8111\u673a\u63a5\u53e3\u6280\u672f\u7684\u65e5\u6e10\u6210\u719f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u690d\u5165\u82af\u7247\u5c31\u53ef\u5728\u77ac\u95f4\u83b7\u5f97\u5de8\u91cf\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u8d85\u7ea7\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u884c\u8d70\u7684\u5c06\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6216\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u690d\u5165\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u82af\u7247\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edd\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4. 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Postman\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5c3d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u8bba\u8bc1\u3001\u547c\u5401\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u540e\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5168\u76d8\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\uff0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5a01\u80c1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5a01\u80c1\u9664\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u5355\u8ba8\u8bba\u51e0\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1. \u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5355\u4e00\u5316\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6Henry Gee 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Diamond\u5728\u5176\u8457\u540d\u7545\u9500\u4e66Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed 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31\u662f\u52a0\u901f\u5927\u4e71\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c4\u6a21\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u6301\u7eed\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u9065\u9065\u9886\u5148\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u590d\u5174\u5927\u4e1a\u5df2\u5c31\uff0c\u5929\u671d\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u68a6\u6b63\u5f0f\u5706\u6ee1\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e8b\u6001\u4ece\u6b64\u7684\u6700\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u8f7b\u53d6\u53f0\u6e7e\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u8840\u6d17\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u53d1\u6cc4\u6c11\u65cf\u4ec7\u6068\uff1b\u968f\u540e\u5728\u7ec8\u6781\u5bf9\u51b3\u4e2d\u51fb\u8d25\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1b\u6700\u7ec8\u79f0\u9738\u5168\u7403\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u5f53\u4e0a\u4e16\u754c\u7687\u5e1d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6050\u6015\u5c31\u662f\u6bc1\u6389\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u975e\u94a6\u5b9a\u7684\u827a\u672f\u3001\u975e\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6837\u677f\u620f\u5f0f\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8f6c\u77ac\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210 \u2013 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1980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u548c\u5e73\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u62b5\u5236\u8fdc\u6d0b\u6355\u9cb8\u548c\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u5176\u6d3b\u52a8\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\uff082\uff09\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u4f20\u57fa\u56e0\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u514b\u5236\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d3a\u5efa\u594e\uff09\u5192\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5927\u4e0d\u97ea\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\u4f5c\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u6027\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u4f17\u8c34\u8d23\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\uff083\uff09\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\u5bf9\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u516c\u5171\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u660e\u661f\u884c\u4e1a\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8fc7\u8857\u8001\u9f20\u3002\uff084\uff09\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\uff0c\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027 (sustainability) 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&#8211; \u6bd4\u5982\u88ab\u6392\u5165\u6cb3\u6d41\u3001\u6e56\u6cca\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u6c61\u6c34- 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\u5230\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u4efb\u4f55\u6cbb\u7597\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u770b\u91cd\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4e0b\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c06\u6765\u88ab\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u60e9\u7f5a\u65f6\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u836f\u53ef\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e60\u60ef\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u5927\u4f17\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u4e8b\u662f\u4e0e\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u5403\u559d\u62c9\u6492\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e8b\u3001\u6293\u773c\u7403\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u5730\u5e73\u7ebf\u4e0a\u82e5\u9690\u82e5\u73b0\u7684\u4e8b\u3001\u6162\u6162\u5728\u8eab\u8fb9\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u5f88\u96be\u5438\u5f15\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u201c\u7070\u7280\u725b\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u8d8b\u52bf\u5728\u840c\u82bd\u671f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u963b\u904f\uff0c\u800c\u7b49\u5230\u5b83\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u963b\u6321\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6781\u5730\u51b0\u76d6\u878d\u5316\u548c\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u5347\uff1a\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e0a\u53473.6\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e45\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u6f6e\u6c50\u6da8\u843d\u5e45\u5ea6\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9760\u7cbe\u5bc6\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u62d2\u7edd\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bb2\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6781\u5730\u51b0\u76d6\u878d\u5316\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53ca\u65f6\u5728\u521d\u671f\u963b\u6b62\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d8a\u5230\u540e\u6765\u5c31\u8d8a\u96be\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5757\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u5761\u4e0b\u6eda\u53bb\u7684\u5343\u65a4\u5de8\u77f3\uff0c\u5728\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd8\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u628a\u5b83\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\uff1b\u4f46\u5f53\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u98de\u5954\u65f6\uff0c\u518d\u529b\u5927\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. \u79d1\u6280\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u98de\u901f\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7fa4\u843d\u5982\u679c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f00\u91c7\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u635f\u574f\u4e86\u5c45\u4f4f\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc1\u5f99\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u739b\u96c5\u4eba\u548c\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u5c9b\u4eba\u706d\u7edd\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd8\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u7e41\u884d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5219\u88ab\u903c\u5230\u4e86\u5899\u89d2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u74f6\u5b50\u91cc\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9b54\u9b3c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u4e00\u6837\u5de8\u5927\u3002\u5730\u7403\u5728\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u9762\u524d\u663e\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3001\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8d77\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6298\u817e\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u5904\u53ef\u9003\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3. \u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u53d1\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u6765\u6cbb\u7406\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5e26\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7978\u5bb3\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u4e0e\u5df2\u6709\u6280\u672f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5e26\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u4e9b\u798f\u5229\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u90a3\u4e9b\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f88\u96be\u4e8b\u5148\u9884\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4. \u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u5371\u673a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u627f\u8ba4\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u6539\u5f26\u66f4\u5f20\uff0c\u800c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u6743\u6b32\u718f\u5fc3\u3001\u4e0d\u80af\u8ba4\u9519\uff0c\u4e00\u610f\u5b64\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u78b0\u5f97\u5934\u7834\u8840\u6d41\u3002\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51b3\u7b56\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6700\u6743\u6b32\u718f\u5fc3\u3001\u6700\u4e00\u610f\u5b64\u884c\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a \u2013 \u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u5927\u578b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7 \u2013 \u5f88\u96be\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u5c31\u5728\u773c\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5. \u5927\u4f17\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u9762\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u795e\u638c\u7ba1\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6839\u672c\u662f\u675e\u4eba\u5fe7\u5929\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u575a\u51b3\u76f8\u4fe1\u6c38\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u575a\u51b3\u5426\u8ba4\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u9020\u6210\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201c\u6839\u636e2020\u5e745\u6708\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u76ae\u5c24\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c62%\u7684\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5b97\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u670935%\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5305\u62ec24%\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u2026\u2026\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u73af\u4fdd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u2018\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u865a\u5047\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u2019\u201d\u3002\u301017\u3011\u5982\u679c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u7269\u79cd\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u5f81\u5146\u5df2\u7ecf\u5982\u6cf0\u5c71\u538b\u9876\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5929\u56fd\u5373\u5c06\u964d\u4e34\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u6c38\u751f\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u753b\u4e0a\u53e5\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u529b\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6839\u672c\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5a01\u80c1\u3002Jared Diamond 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\u2013 \u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u8349\u98df\u8fd8\u662f\u8089\u98df\u52a8\u7269 \u2013 \u90fd\u662f\u6d3b\u5728\u5fe7\u60a3\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fc7\u7740\u5403\u4e86\u4e0a\u987f\u6ca1\u4e0b\u987f\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u84ec\u52c3\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002\u7b3c\u517b\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u867d\u7136\u6d3b\u5728\u5b89\u4e50\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4eba\u90fd\u5411\u5f80\u5b89\u4e50\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u3001\u6c38\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u5e26\u7ed9\u4eba\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u82b1\u6837\u7684\u5b89\u4e50\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u5b89\u4e50\u901a\u5411\u5b83\u7684\u706d\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u5929\u654c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u7269\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\uff1a\u5b83\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u5fe7\u60a3\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5929\u654c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\uff1b\u8fd9\u628a\u5229\u5251\u5728\u5176\u4e00\u9762\u5203\u5e26\u7ed9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5404\u79cd\u5b89\u4e50\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u5203\u6c38\u8fdc\u5bd2\u5149\u95ea\u95ea\u5730\u60ac\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5934\u9876\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5982\u5c65\u8584\u51b0\u5730\u6d3b\u7740\u3002\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u732e<br \/>\n1. https:\/\/www.icanw.org<br \/>\n2. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/thermonuclear-bomb#ref258693<br \/>\n3. Paul Taylor, \u201cInside Vladimir Putin\u2019s head\u201d, https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/vladimir-putin-russia-ukraine-nato-nuclear-inside-putins-head\/<br \/>\n4. https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2022\/03\/01\/politics\/us-intelligence-putin-state-of-mind\/index.html<br \/>\n5. Amber Dance, \u201cThe shifting sands of \u2018gain-of-function\u2019 research\u201d, https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-02903-x<br \/>\n6. https:\/\/www.climate.gov\/news-features\/understanding-climate\/climate-change-global-sea-level<br \/>\n7. https:\/\/worldwiderails.com\/railways-during-the-victorian-era\/<br \/>\n8. https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%83%A1%E6%9E%97%E7%BF%BC<br \/>\n9. https:\/\/news.usc.edu\/182848\/education-covid-19-vaccine-safety-risks-usc-study\/<br \/>\n10. Chris Hayes, \u201cOn the Internet, We\u2019re Always Famous: What Happens when the Experience of Celebrity Becomes Famous?\u201d The New Yorker, September 24, 2021<br \/>\n11. https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/humans-are-doomed-to-go-extinct\/<br \/>\n12. \u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\uff0c\u300a\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5409\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c2015<br \/>\n13. Samuel Wells Williams, The Middle Kingdom \u2013 A Survey of the Geography, Government, Literature, Social Life, Arts, and History of the Chinese Empire and Its Inhabitants (\u4e2d\u56fd\u603b\u8bba), Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons, 1883<br \/>\n14. \u7f57\u5c14\u7eb2\uff0c\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0chttp:\/\/www.guoxue123.com\/new\/0001\/tptgs\/index.htm<br \/>\n15. \u5f20\u5b8f\u6770\uff0c\u300a\u9965\u997f\u7684\u76db\u4e16 \u2013 \u4e7e\u9686\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f97\u4e0e\u5931\u300b\uff0c\u91cd\u5e86\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016<br \/>\n16. Jared Diamond, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, Viking, 2005<br \/>\n17. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/faith-and-politics-mix-to-drive-evangelical-christians-climate-change-denial-143145<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2022\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c 2 \u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u4fb5\u7565\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e0d\u987a\u3001\u906d\u5230\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e25\u5389\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u666e\u4eac\u5ba3\u5e03\u4fc4\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8fdb\u5165\u6218\u5907\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7406\u667a\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u906d\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u6838\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u6838\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u88ab\u6bc1\u706d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f7b\u6613\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f7b\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-first","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=94024"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94024\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":94157,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94024\/revisions\/94157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=94024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=94024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minzhuzhongguo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=94024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}