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\u89e3\u91ca\u4e09\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u76d1\u89c6\u3001\u7a83\u542c\u6863\u6848\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u7a76\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\u548c\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u8ffd\u95ee\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e8c\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u5ba1\u5224\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u524d\u7eb3\u7cb9\u58eb\u5175\u3001\u519b\u5b98\u3001\u767e\u59d3\u4e00\u8d77\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u3001\u591a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6c89\u601d\u548c\u8fa9\u9a73\u3002\u8457\u540d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u96c5\u65af\u8d1d\u5c14\u65af\uff08Karl Jaspers\uff09\u5c06\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u4e0b\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u79cd\uff1a\u5211\u6cd5\u7f6a\u8d23\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7f6a\u8d23\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u7f6a\u8d23\u548c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u7f6a\u8d23\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u7f6a\u8fc7\u662f\u96c5\u65af\u8d1d\u5c14\u65af\u5728\u6218\u540e\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7f6a\u8fc7\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u7f6a\u8d23\u7684\u8fa8\u6790\u548c\u533a\u5206\u5bf9\u53cd\u601d\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff08\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u7c73•\u7f57\u59c6\u62cd\u6444\u8fc7\u4e00\u90e8\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u300a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u300b\uff09\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6027\u8d28\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5bf9\u601d\u8003\u5176\u5b83\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u4ecd\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u96c5\u65af\u8d1d\u5c14\u65af\u533a\u5206\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u7f6a\u8d23\u4e2d,\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5211\u6cd5\u7f6a\u8d23\u3002\u8d1f\u6709\u5211\u6cd5\u7f6a\u8d23\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fdd\u72af\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e76\u5728\u6b63\u5f53\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u56fd\u5185\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6210\u6587\u5b9e\u5728\u6cd5,\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u5728\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fdd\u80cc\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u6cd5\u7684,\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u3002\u5211\u6cd5\u7f6a\u8d23\u662f\u7531\u5ba1\u5224\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u5fb7\u56fd\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u8a00,\u5148\u662f\u7531\u5728\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5ead\u8ffd\u7a76\u7eb3\u7cb9\u9996\u6076\u4eec\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb,\u7136\u540e\u5fb7\u56fd\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ffd\u7a76\u72af\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u5bf9\u5211\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u88c1\u5224\u5f52\u6cd5\u5ead\u6240\u6709\u3002\u3014Karl Jaspers, The Question of German Guilt. Trans. E. B. Ashton. New York: Capricorn Books, 1947, p. 31.\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\uff1a\u5f90\u8d32\uff1a\u77e5\u884c\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u707e\u96be\u5386\u53f2\u89c1\u8bc1: \u7ad9\u5728\u6781\u6743\u9053\u5fb7\u5e9f\u589f\u4e0a\u7684\u96c5\u65af\u8d1d\u5c14\u65af\uff0c\u8f7d\u5929\u76ca\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u5f90\u8d32\u4e13\u680f\u3015\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u53f0\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u5c31\u8fd9\u90e8\u5f71\u7247\u8bbf\u8c08\u6211\u7684\u8282\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4e3e\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u7f6a\u8d23\u4e2d\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8bf4\u6e05\u548c\u8fa8\u660e\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\uff1a\u5211\u6cd5\u7f6a\u8d23\u3002\u6211\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5f71\u7247\u4e2d\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u7b11\u8bdd\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u6602\u7eb3\u514b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u67e5\u7684\u4eba\u8bc1\u3001\u6587\u4e66\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8d8a\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u7684\u4eba\u5f00\u67aa\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u9053\u5fb7\u826f\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u662f\u8981\u8d1f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u53ef\u8fa8\u3001\u4f46\u60e9\u7f5a\u6700\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u5211\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u6587\u9769\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5ba1\u5224\u6c5f\u9752\u7b49\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u8ffd\u7a76\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5211\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u534f\u52a9\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e66\u66fe\u7ecf\u8ffd\u7a76\u8fc7\u6c5f\u9752\u5bf9\u6279\u793a\u53d1\u5e03\u201c\u4e00\u6253\u4e09\u53cd\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u547d\u4ee4\u5404\u7701\u6740\u5bb3\u5f20\u5fd7\u65b0\u7b49\u4e00\u6279\u601d\u60f3\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\u3002\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8001\u9b3c\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u6279\u88ab\u5224\u8fc7\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u66f4\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u7701\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e09\u79cd\u7f6a\u8d23\uff1a\u4e00\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u4eb2\u624b\u7f14\u9020\u201d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u66b4\u884c\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5bf9\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u5916\u65cf\u7684\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5728\u51b7\u6f20\u9762\u5bf9\u3001\u6c89\u9ed8\u4e0d\u8bed\u5730\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u3001\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u4eb2\u4eba\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u88ab\u8feb\u5bb3\u6216\u593a\u53bb\u751f\u547d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7f6a\u8d23\u3002<\/FONT><\/P>\r\n

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